# Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan > Unofficial digital reference edition. Consult the official sources or Gazette when legal accuracy is material. - **Jurisdiction:** Federal - **Subject:** Constitution and interpretation - **Instrument type:** Constitution - **Citation:** Constitution of 1973 - **Enacted:** 1973-04-12 - **Catalogue verified:** 2026-08-23 - **Canonical HTML:** [View the formatted edition](https://law.legumlawfirm.co/Constitution/) - **Latest amendment:** Latest amendment made by the Constitution (Twenty-Seventh Amendment) Act, 2025. ## Content - Preamble - Part I: Introductory Articles 1-6 - Part II: Fundamental Rights and Principles of Policy Articles 7-40 - Chapter 1: Fundamental Rights Articles 8-28 - Chapter 2: Principles of Policy Articles 29-40 - Part III: The Federation of Pakistan Articles 41-100 - Chapter 1: The President Articles 41-49 - Chapter 2: Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) Articles 50-89 - Chapter 3: The Federal Government Articles 90-100 - Part IV: The Provinces Articles 101-140A - Chapter 1: The Governors Articles 101-105 - Chapter 2: Provincial Assemblies Articles 106-128 - Chapter 3: The Provincial Governments Articles 129-140A - Part V: Relations between Federation and Provinces Articles 141-159 - Chapter 1: Distribution of Legislative Powers Articles 141-144 - Chapter 2: Administrative Relations Articles 145-152 - Chapter 3: Special Provisions Articles 153-159 - Part VI: Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits Articles 160-174 - Chapter 1: Finance Articles 160-165A - Chapter 2: Borrowing and Audit Articles 166-171 - Chapter 3: Property, Contracts, Liabilities and Suits Articles 172-174 - Part VII: The Judicature Articles 175-212B - Chapter 1: The Courts Articles 175-175A - Chapter 1A: The Federal Constitutional Court Articles 175B-175L - Chapter 2: The Supreme Court of Pakistan Articles 176-191A - Chapter 3: The High Courts Articles 192-203 - Chapter 3A: Federal Shariat Court Articles 203A-203J - Chapter 4: General Provisions Relating to the Judicature Articles 204-212B - Part VIII: Elections Articles 213-226 - Chapter 1: Chief Election Commissioner and Elections Commissions Articles 213-221 - Chapter 2: Electoral Laws and Conduct of Elections Articles 222-226 - Part IX: Islamic Provisions Articles 227-231 - Part X: Emergency Provisions Articles 232-237 - Part XI: Amendment of Constitution Articles 238-239 - Part XII: Miscellaneous Articles 240-280 - Chapter 1: Services Articles 240-242 - Chapter 2: Armed Forces Articles 243-245 - Chapter 3: Tribal Areas Articles 246-247 - Chapter 4: General Articles 248-259 - Chapter 5: Interpretation Articles 260-264 - Chapter 6: Title, Commencement and Repeal Articles 265-266 - Chapter 7: Transitional Articles 267-280 - Annex - The Objectives Resolution - Schedules - First Schedule: Laws exempted from the operation of Article 8(1) and (2) - Second Schedule: Election of President - Third Schedule: Oaths of Office - Fourth Schedule: Legislative Lists - Fifth Schedule: Remuneration and Terms and Conditions of Service of Judges - Footnotes ## ﷽Preamble Whereas sovereignty over the entire Universe belongs to Almighty Allah alone, and the authority to be exercised by the people of Pakistan within the limits prescribed by Him is a sacred trust; And whereas it is the will of the people of Pakistan to establish an order :- Wherein the State shall exercise its powers and authority through the chosen representatives of the people; Wherein the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice, as enunciated by Islam, shall be fully observed; Wherein the Muslims shall be enabled to order their lives in the individual and collective spheres in accordance with the teachings and requirements of Islam as set out in the Holy Quran and Sunnah; Wherein adequate provision shall be made for the minorities freely to profess and practise their religions and develop their cultures; Wherein the territories now included in or in accession with Pakistan and such other territories as may hereafter be included in or accede to Pakistan shall form a Federation wherein the units will be autonomous with such boundaries and limitations on their powers and authority as may be prescribed; Therein shall be guaranteed fundamental rights, including equality of status, of opportunity and before law, social, economic and political justice, and freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship and association, subject to law and public morality; Wherein adequate provision shall be made to safeguard the legitimate interests of minorities and backward and depressed classes; Wherein the independence of the judiciary shall be fully secured; Wherein the integrity of the territories of the Federation, its independence and all its rights, including its sovereign rights on land, sea and air, shall be safeguarded; So that the people of Pakistan may prosper and attain their rightful and honoured place amongst the nations of the World and make their full contribution towards international peace and progress and happiness of humanity : Now, therefore, we, the people of Pakistan, Cognisant of our responsibility before Almighty Allah and men; Cognisant of the sacrifices made by the people in the cause of Pakistan; Faithful to the declaration made by the Founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, that Pakistan would be a democratic State based on Islamic principles of social justice; Dedicated to the preservation of democracy achieved by the unremitting struggle of the people against oppression and tyranny; Inspired by the resolve to protect our national and political unity and solidarity by creating an egalitarian society through a new order; Do hereby, through our representatives in the National Assembly, adopt, enact and give to ourselves, this Constitution. ## Part I Introductory ### 1. The Republic and its territories **(1)** Pakistan shall be a Federal Republic to be known as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, hereinafter referred to as Pakistan. [^1][ **(2)** The territories of Pakistan shall comprise:- **(a)** the Provinces of [^2][Balochistan][^2], the [^3][Khyber Pakthunkhwa][^3], the Punjab and [^4][Sindh][^4] ; **(b)** the Islamabad Capital Territory, hereinafter referred to as the Federal Capital; [^5][and][^5] [^6][][^6] [^7][(c)][^7] such States and territories as are or may be included in Pakistan, whether by accession or otherwise. **(3)** [^8][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^8] may by law admit into the Federation new States or areas on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit. ][^1] ### 2. Islam to be State religion Islam shall be the State religion of Pakistan. [^9] ### 2A. The Objectives Resolution to form part of substantive provisions The principles and provisions set out in the Objectives Resolution reproduced in the Annex are hereby made substantive part of the Constitution and shall have effect accordingly. [^9] ### 3. Elimination of exploitation The State shall ensure the elimination of all forms of exploitation and the gradual fulfillment of the fundamental principle, from each according to his ability to each according to his work. ### 4. Right of individuals to be dealt with in accordance with law, etc **(1)** To enjoy the protection of law and to be treated in accordance with law is the inalienable right of every citizen, wherever he may be, and of every other person for the time being within Pakistan. **(2)** In particular :- **(a)** no action detrimental to the life, liberty, body, reputation or property of any person shall be taken except in accordance with law; **(b)** no person shall be prevented from or be hindered in doing that which is not prohibited by law; and **(c)** no person shall be compelled to do that which the law does not require him to do. ### 5. Loyalty to State and obedience to Constitution and law **(1)** Loyalty to the State is the basic duty of every citizen. **(2)** Obedience to the Constitution and law is the [^10][inviolable][^10] obligation of every citizen wherever he may be and of every other person for the time being within Pakistan. ### 6. High treason [^11][ **(1)** Any person who abrogates or subverts or suspends or holds in abeyance, or attempts or conspires to abrogate or subvert or suspend or hold in abeyance, the Constitution by use of force or show of force or by any other unconstitutional means shall be guilty of high treason. ][^11] **(2)** Any person aiding or abetting [^12][or collaborating][^12] the acts mentioned in clause (1) shall likewise be guilty of high treason. [^13][ **(2A)** An act of high treason mentioned in clause (1) or clause (2) shall not be validated by any court including the [^14][Federal Constitutional Court][^14] Supreme Court and a High Court. ][^13] **(3)** [^15][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^15] shall by law provide for the punishment of persons found guilty of high treason. ## Part II Fundamental Rights and Principles of Policy ### 7. Definition of the State In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, "the State" means the Federal Government, [^16][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^16], a Provincial Government, a Provincial Assembly, and such local or other authorities in Pakistan as are by law empowered to impose any tax or cess. ## Chapter 1 Fundamental Rights ### 8. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of fundamental rights to be void **(1)** Any law, or any custom or usage having the force of law, in so far as it is inconsistent with the rights conferred by this Chapter, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void. **(2)** The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights so conferred and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of such contravention, be void. **(3)** The provisions of this Article shall not apply to :- **(a)** any law relating to members of the Armed Forces, or of the police or of such other forces as are charged with the maintenance of public order, for the purpose of ensuring the proper discharge of their duties or the maintenance of discipline among them; or [^17][ **(b)** any of the:- **(i)** laws specified in the First Schedule as in force immediately before the commencing day or as amended by any of the laws specified in that Schedule; **(ii)** other laws specified in Part I of the First Schedule; ][^17] and no such law nor any provision thereof shall be void on the ground that such law or provision is inconsistent with, or repugnant to, any provision of this Chapter. **(4)** Notwithstanding anything contained in paragraph (b) of clause (3), within a period of two years from the commencing day, the appropriate Legislature shall bring the laws specified in [^19][Part II of the First Schedule][^19] into conformity with the rights conferred by this Chapter: > **Provided** that the appropriate Legislature may by resolution extend the said period of two years by a period not exceeding six months. > Explanation:- If in respect of any law [^20][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^20] is the appropriate Legislature, such resolution shall be a resolution of the National Assembly. **(5)** The rights conferred by this Chapter shall not be suspended except as expressly provided by the Constitution. ### 9. Security of person No person shall be deprived of life or liberty save in accordance with law. [^21] ### 9A. Clean and healthy environment Every person shall be entitled to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment. [^21] ### 10. Safeguards as to arrest and detention **(1)** No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest, nor shall he be denied the right to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice. **(2)** Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before a magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest, excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court of the nearest magistrate, and no such person shall be detained in :custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate. **(3)** Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply to any person who is arrested or detained under any law providing for preventive detention. **(4)** No law providing for preventive detention shall be made except to deal with persons acting in a manner prejudicial to the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof, or external affairs of Pakistan, or public order, or the maintenance of supplies or services, and no such law shall authorise the detention of a person for a period exceeding [^22][three months][^22] unless the appropriate Review Board has, after affording him an opportunity of being heard in person, reviewed his case and reported, before the expiration of the said period, that there is, in its opinion, sufficient cause for such detention, and, if the detention is continued after the said period of [^23][three months][^23], unless the appropriate Review Board has reviewed his case and reported, before the expiration of each period of three months, that there is, in its opinion, sufficient cause for such detention. > Explanation-I: In this Article, "the appropriate Review Board" means:- > > **(i)** in the case of a person detained under a Federal law, a Board appointed by the Chief Justice of [^24][Supreme Court of][^24] Pakistan and consisting of a Chairman and two other persons, each of whom is or has been a Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court; and > > **(ii)** in the case of a Person detained under a Provincial law, a Board appointed by the Chief Justice of the High Court concerned and consisting of a Chairman and two other persons, each of whom is or has been a Judge of a High Court. > Explanation-II: The opinion of a Review Board shall be expressed in terms of the views of the majority of its members. **(5)** When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention, the authority making the order shall, [^25][within fifteen days][^25] from such detention, communicate to such person the grounds on which the order has been made, and shall afford him the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order: > **Provided** that the authority making any such order may refuse to disclose facts which such authority considers it to be against the public interest to disclose. **(6)** The authority making the order shall furnish to the appropriate Review Board all documents relevant to the case unless a certificate, signed by a Secretary to the Government concerned, to the effect that it is not in the public interest to furnish any documents, is produced. **(7)** Within a period of twenty-four months commencing on the day of his first detention in pursuance of an order made under a law providing for preventive detention, no person shall be detained in pursuance of any such order for more than a total period of eight months in the case of a person detained for acting in a manner prejudicial to public order and twelve months in any other case: > **Provided** that this clause shall not apply to any person who is employed by, or works for, or acts on instructions received from, the enemy [^26][or who is acting or attempting to act in a manner prejudicial to the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof or who commits or attempts to commit any act which amounts to an anti-national activity as defined in a Federal law or is a member of any association which has for its objects, or which indulges in, any such anti-national activity][^26]. **(8)** The appropriate Review Board shall determine the place of detention of the person detained and fix a reasonable subsistence allowance for his family. **(9)** Nothing in this Article shall apply to any person who for the time being is an enemy alien. [^27] ### 10A. Right to fair trial: For the determination of his civil rights and obligations or in any criminal charge against him a person shall be entitled to a fair trial and due process. [^27] ### 11. Slavery, forced labour, etc. prohibited **(1)** Slavery is non-existent and forbidden and no law shall permit or facilitate its introduction into Pakistan in any form. **(2)** All forms of forced labour and traffic in human beings are prohibited. **(3)** No child below the age of fourteen years shall be engaged in any factory or mine or any other hazardous employment. **(4)** Nothing in this Article shall be deemed to affect compulsory service:- **(a)** by any person undergoing punishment for an offence against any law; or **(b)** required by any law for public purpose provided that no compulsory service shall be of a cruel nature or incompatible with human dignity. ### 12. Protection against retrospective punishment **(1)** No law shall authorize the punishment of a person:- **(a)** for an act or omission that was not punishable by law at the time of the act or omission; or **(b)** for an offence by a penalty greater than, or of a kind different from, the penalty prescribed by law for that offence at the time the offence was committed. **(2)** Nothing in clause (1) or in Article 270 shall apply to any law making acts of abrogation or subversion of a Constitution in force in Pakistan at any time since the twenty-third day of March, one thousand nine hundred and fifty-six, an offence. ### 13. Protection against double punishment and self incrimination No person:- **(a)** shall be prosecuted or punished for the same offence more than once; or **(b)** shall, when accused of an offence, be compelled to be a witness against himself. ### 14. Inviolability of dignity of man, etc **(1)** The dignity of man and, subject to law, the privacy of home, shall be inviolable. **(2)** No person shall be subjected to torture for the purpose of extracting evidence. ### 15. Freedom of movement, etc Every citizen shall have the right to remain in, and, subject to any reasonable restriction imposed by law in the public interest, enter and move freely throughout Pakistan and to reside and settle in any part thereof. ### 16. Freedom of assembly Every citizen shall have the right to assemble peacefully and without arms, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of public order. [^28] ### 17. Freedom of association: **(1)** Every citizen shall have the right to form associations or unions, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of sovereignty or integrity of Pakistan, public order or morality. **(2)** Every citizen, not being in the service of Pakistan, shall have the right to form or be a member of a political party, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the sovereignty or integrity of Pakistan and such law shall provide that where the Federal Government declares that any political party has been formed or is operating in a manner prejudicial to the soverignty or integrity of Pakistan, the Federal Government shall, within fifeen days of such declaration, refer the matter to the [^36][Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan][^36] whose decision on such reference shall be final. **(3)** Every political party shall account for the source of its funds in accordance with law. [^28] ### 18. Freedom of trade, business or profession Subject to such qualifications, if any, as may be prescribed by law, every citizen shall have the right to enter upon any lawful profession or occupation, and to conduct any lawful trade or business: > **Provided** that nothing in this Article shall prevent:- > > **(a)** the regulation of any trade or profession by a licensing system; or > > **(b)** the regulation of trade, commerce or industry in the interest of free competition therein; or > > **(c)** the carrying on, by the Federal Government or a Provincial Government, or by a corporation controlled by any such Government, of any trade, business, industry or service, to the exclusion, complete or partial, of other persons. ### 19. Freedom of speech, etc Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, and there shall be freedom of the press, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, [^37][commission of][^37] or incitement to an offence. [^38] ### 19A. Right to information: Every citizen shall have the right to have access to information in all matters of public importance subject to regulation and reasonable restrictions imposed by law. [^38] ### 20. Freedom to profess religion and to manage religious institutions Subject to law, public order and morality:- **(a)** every citizen shall have the right to profess, practice and propagate his religion; and **(b)** every religious denomination and every sect thereof shall have the right to establish, maintain and manage its religious institutions. ### 21. Safeguard against taxation for purposes of any particular religion No person shall be compelled to pay any special tax the proceeds of which are to be spent on the propagation or maintenance of any religion other than his own. ### 22. Safeguards as to educational institutions in respect of religion, etc **(1)** No person attending any educational institution shall be required to receive religious instruction, or take part in any religious ceremony, or attend religious worship, if such instruction, ceremony or worship relates to a religion other than his own. **(2)** In respect of any religious institution, there shall be no discrimination against any community in the granting of exemption or concession in relation to taxation. **(3)** Subject to law: **(a)** no religious community or denomination shall be prevented from providing religious instruction for pupils of that community or denomination in any educational institution maintained wholly by that community or denomination; and **(b)** no citizen shall be denied admission to any educational institution receiving aid from public revenues on the ground only of race, religion, caste or place of birth. **(4)** Nothing in this Article shall prevent any public authority from making provision for the advancement of any socially or educationally backward class of citizens. ### 23. Provision as to property Every citizen shall have the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property in any part of Pakistan, subject to the Constitution and any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the public interest. ### 24. Protection of property rights **(1)** No person shall be compulsorily deprived of his property save in accordance with law. **(2)** No property shall be compulsorily acquired or taken possession of save for a public purpose, and save by the authority of law which provides for compensation therefore and either fixes the amount of compensation or specifies the principles on and the manner in which compensation is to be determined and given. **(3)** Nothing in this Article shall affect the validity of :- **(a)** any law permitting the compulsory acquisition or taking possession of any property for preventing danger to life, property or public health; or **(b)** any law permitting the taking over of any property which has been acquired by, or come into the possession of, any person by any unfair means, or in any manner, contrary to law; or **(c)** any law relating to the acquisition, administration or disposal of any property which is or is deemed to be enemy property or evacuee property under any law (not being property which has ceased to be evacuee property under any law); or **(d)** any law providing for the taking over of the management of any property by the State for a limited period, either in the public interest or in order to secure the proper management of the property, or for the benefit of its owner; or **(e)** any law providing for the acquisition of any class of property for the purpose of **(i)** providing education and medical aid to all or any specified class of citizens or **(ii)** providing housing and public facilities and services such as roads, water supply, sewerage, gas and electric power to all or any specified class of citizens; or **(iii)** providing maintenance to those who, on account of unemployment, sickness, infirmity or old age, are unable to maintain themselves ; or **(f)** any existing law or any law made in pursuance of Article 253. **(4)** The adequacy or otherwise of any compensation provided for by any such law as is referred to in this Article, or determined in pursuance thereof, shall not be called in question in any court. ### 25. Equality of citizens **(1)** All citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of law. **(2)** There shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex [^39][][^39]. **(3)** Nothing in this Article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the protection of women and children. [^40] ### 25A. Right to education: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be determined by law. [^40] ### 26. Non-discrimination in respect of access to public places **(1)** In respect of access to places of public entertainment or resort not intended for religious purposes only, there shall be no discrimination against any citizen on the ground only of race, religion, caste, sex, residence or place of birth. **(2)** Nothing in clause (1) shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children. ### 27. Safeguard against discrimination in services **(1)** No citizen otherwise qualified for appointment in the service of Pakistan shall be discriminated against in respect of any such appointment on the ground only of race, religion, caste, sex, residence or place of birth: > **Provided** that, for a period not exceeding [^41][forty][^41] years from the commencing day, posts may be reserved for persons belonging to any class or area to secure their adequate representation in the service of Pakistan: > **Provided** further that, in the interest of the said service, specified posts or services may be reserved for members of either sex if such posts or services entail the performance of duties and functions which cannot be adequately performed by members of the other sex[^43][:][^43] > [^44][**Provided** also that under-representation of any class or area in the service of Pakistan may be redressed in such manner as may be determined by an Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).][^44] **(2)** Nothing in clause (1) shall prevent any Provincial Government, or any local or other authority in a Province, from prescribing, in relation to any post or class of service under that Government or authority, conditions as to residence in the Province. for a period not exceeding three years, prior to appointment under that Government or authority. ### 28. Preservation of language, script and culture Subject to Article 251 any section of citizens having a distinct language, script or culture shall have the right to preserve and promote the same and subject to law, establish institutions for that purpose. ## Chapter 2 Principles of Policy ### 29. Principles of Policy **(1)** The Principles set out in this Chapter shall be known as the Principles of Policy, and it is the responsibility of each organ and authority of the State, and of each person performing functions on behalf of an organ or authority of the State, to act in accordance with those Principles in so far as they relate to the functions of the organ or authority. **(2)** In so far as the observance of any particular Principle of Policy may be dependent upon resources being available for the purpose, the Principle shall be regarded as being subject to the availability of resources. **(3)** In respect of each year, the President in relation to the affairs of the Federation, and the Governor of each Province in relation to the affairs of his Province, shall cause to be prepared and laid before the [^45][each House of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^45] or, as the case may be, the Provincial Assembly, a report on the observance and implementation of the Principles of Policy, and provision shall be made in the rules of procedure of the National Assembly [^46][and the Senate][^46]or, as the case may be, the Provincial Assembly, for discussion on such report. ### 30. Responsibility with respect to Principles of Policy **(1)** The responsibility of deciding whether any action of an organ or authority of the State, or of a person performing functions on behalf of an organ or authority of the State, is in accordance with the Principles of Policy is that of the organ or authority of the State, or of the person, concerned. **(2)** The validity of an action or of a law shall not be called in question on the ground that it is not in accordance with the Principles of Policy, and no action shall lie against the State or any organ or authority of the State or any person on such ground. ### 31. Islamic way of life **(1)** Steps shall be taken to enable the Muslims of Pakistan, individually and collectively, to order their lives in accordance with the fundamental principles and basic concepts of Islam and to provide facilities whereby they may be enabled to understand the meaning of life according to the Holy Quran and Sunnah. **(2)** The state shall endeavour, as respects the Muslims of Pakistan :- **(a)** to make the teaching of the Holy Quran and Islamiat compulsory, to encourage and facilitate the learning of Arabic language and to secure correct and exact printing and publishing of the Holy Quran; **(b)** to promote unity and the observance of the Islamic moral standards; and **(c)** to secure the proper organisation of zakat, [^47][ushr, ][^47]auqaf and mosques. ### 32. Promotion of local Government institutions The State shall encourage local Government institutions composed of elected representatives of the areas concerned and in such institutions special representation will be given to peasants, workers and women. ### 33. Parochial and other similar prejudices to be discouraged The State shall discourage parochial, racial, tribal, sectarian and provincial prejudices among the citizens. ### 34. Full participation of women in national life Steps shall be taken to ensure full participation of women in all spheres of national life. ### 35. Protection of family, etc The State shall protect the marriage, the family, the mother and the child. ### 36. Protection of minorities The State shall safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minorities, including their due representation in the Federal and Provincial services. ### 37. Promotion of social justice and eradication of social evils The State shall: **(a)** promote, with special care, the educational and economic interests of backward classes or areas; **(b)** remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period; **(c)** make technical and professional education generally available and higher education equally accessible to all on the basis of merit; **(d)** ensure inexpensive and expeditious justice; **(e)** make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work, ensuring that children and women are not employed in vocations unsuited to their age or sex, and for maternity benefits for women in employment; **(f)** enable the people of different areas, through education, training, agricultural and industrial development and other methods, to participate fully in all forms of national activities, including employment in the service of Pakistan; **(g)** prevent prostitution, gambling and taking of injurious drugs, printing, publication, circulation and display of obscene literature and advertisements; **(h)** prevent the consumption of alcoholic liquor otherwise than for medicinal and, in the case of non-Muslims, religious purposes; and **(i)** decentralise the Government administration so as to facilitate expeditious disposal of its business to meet the convenience and requirements of the public. ### 38. Promotion of social and economic well-being of the people The State shall : **(a)** secure the well-being of the people, irrespective of sex, caste, creed or race, by raising their standard of living, by preventing the concentration of wealth and means of production and distribution in the hands of a few to the detriment of general interest and by ensuring equitable adjustment of rights between employers and employees, and landlords and tenants; **(b)** provide for all citizens, within the available resources of the country, facilities for work and adequate livelihood with reasonable rest and leisure; **(c)** provide for all persons employed in the service of Pakistan or otherwise, social security by compulsory social insurance or other means; **(d)** provide basic necessities of life, such as food, clothing. housing, education and medical relief, for all such citizens, irrespective of sex, caste, creed or race, as are permanently or temporarily unable to earn their livelihood on account of infirmity, sickness or unemployment; **(e)** reduce disparity in the income and earnings of individuals, including persons in the various classes of the service of Pakistan; [^48][][^48] [^49][ **(f)** eliminiate riba completely before the first day of January, two thousand twenty-eight; and ][^49][^51][ **(g)** the shares of the Provinces in all federal services, including autonomous bodies and corporations established by, or under the control of, the Federal Government, shall be secured and any omission in the allocation of the shares of the Provinces in the past shall be recitified. ][^51] ### 39. Participation of people in Armed Forces The State shall enable people from all parts of Pakistan to participate in the Armed Forces of Pakistan. ### 40. Strengthening bonds with Muslim world and promoting international peace The State shall endeavour to preserve and strengthen fraternal relations among Muslim countries based on Islamic unity, support the common interests of the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America, promote international peace and security, foster goodwill and friendly relations among all nations and encourage the settlement of international disputes by peaceful means. ## Part III The Federation of Pakistan ## Chapter 1 The President ### 41. The President **(1)** There shall be a President of Pakistan who shall be the Head of State and shall represent the unity of the Republic. **(2)** A person shall not be qualified for election as President unless he is a Muslim of not less than forty-five years of age and is qualified to be elected as member of the National Assembly. [^52][ **(3)** The President [^53][][^53] shall be elected in accordance with the provisions of the Second Schedule by the members of an electoral college consisting of: **(a)** the members of both Houses; and **(b)** the members of the Provincial Assemblies. ][^52] **(4)** Election to the office of President shall be held not earlier than sixty days and not later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of the President in office: > **Provided** that, if the election cannot be held within the period aforesaid because the National Assembly is dissolved, it shall be held within thirty days of the general election to the Assembly. **(5)** An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President shall be held not later than thirty days from the occurrence of the vacancy: > **Provided** that, if the election cannot be held within the period aforesaid because the National Assembly is dissolved, it shall be held within thirty days of the general election to the Assembly. **(6)** The validity of the election of the President shall not be called in question by or before any court or other authority. [^54][][^54] ### 42. Oath of President Before entering upon office, the President shall make before the Chief Justice of Pakistan oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. ### 43. Conditions of President's office **(1)** The President shall not hold any office of profit in the service of Pakistan or occupy any other position carrying the right to remuneration for the rendering of services. **(2)** The President shall not be a candidate for election as a member of [^59][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^59] or a Provincial Assembly; and, if a member of [^60][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^60] or a Provincial Assembly is elected as President, his seat in [^61][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^61] or, as the case may be, the Provincial Assembly shall become vacant on the day he enters upon his office. ### 44. Term of office of President **(1)** Subject to the Constitution, the President shall hold office for a term of five years from the day he enters upon his office: > **Provided** that the President shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office. **(2)** Subject to the Constitution, a person holding office as President shall be eligible for re-election to that office, but no person shall hold that office for more than two consecutive terms. **(3)** The President may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker of the National Assembly, resign his office. ### 45. President's power to grant pardon, etc The President shall have power to grant pardon, reprieve and respite, and to remit, suspend or commute any sentence passed by any court, tribunal or other authority. [^62] ### 46. President to be kept informed: The Prime Minister shall keep the President informed on all matters of internal and foreign policy and on all legislative proposals the Federal Government intends to bring before Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament). [^62] ### 47. Removal [^64][or impeachment][^64] of President [^65][ **(1)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the President may, in accordance with the provisions of this Article, be removed from office on the ground of physical or mental incapacity or impeached on a charge of violating the Constitution or gross misconduct. **(2)** Not less than one-half of the total membership of either House may give to the Speaker of the National Assembly or, as the case may be, the Chairman written notice of its intention to move a resolution for the removal of, or, as the case may be, to impeach, the President; and such notice shall set out the particulars of his incapacity or of the charge against him. ][^65] **(3)** If a notice under clause (2) is received by the Chairman, he shall transmit it forthwith to the Speaker. **(4)** The Speaker shall, within three days of the receipt of a notice under clause (2) or clause (3), cause a copy of the notice to be transmitted to the President. **(5)** The Speaker shall summon the two Houses to meet in a joint sitting not earlier than seven days and not later than fourteen days after the receipt of the notice by him. **(6)** The joint sitting may investigate or cause to be investigated the ground or the charge upon which the notice is founded. **(7)** The President shall have the right to appear and be represented during the investigation, if any, and before the joint sitting. **(8)** If, after consideration of the result of the investigation, if any, a resolution is passed at the joint sitting by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of [^66][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^66] declaring that the President is unfit to hold the office due to incapacity or is guilty of violating the Constitution or of gross misconduct, the President shall cease to hold office immediately on the passing of the resolution. [^67] ### 48. President to act on advice, etc **(1)** In the exercise of his functions, the President shall act [^68][on and][^68] in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet [^69][or the Prime Minister][^69]: > [^70][**Provided** that [^71][after fifteen days][^71] the President may require the Cabinet or as the case may be, the Prime Minister to reconsider such advice, either generally or otherwise, and the President shall [^72][, within ten days, ][^72] act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration.][^70] **(2)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), the President shall act in his discretion in respect of any matter in respect of which he is empowered by the Constitution to do so [^73][and the validity of anything done by the President in his discretion shall not be called in question on any ground whatsoever][^73]. [^74][][^74][^75][ **(4)** The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered to the President by the Cabinet, or the Prime Minister, shall not be inquired into in, or by, any court, tribunal or other authority. ][^75][^76][ **(5)** Where the President dissolves the National Assembly, notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), he shall- **(a)** appoint a date, not later than ninety days from the date of the dissolution, for the holding of a general election to the Assembly; and **(b)** appoint a care-taker Cabinet [^77][in accordance with the provisions of Article 224 or, as the case may be, Article 224-A][^77]. ][^76][^79][ **(6)** If at any time the Prime Minister considers it necessary to hold a referendum on any matter of national importance, he may refer the matter to a joint sitting of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and if it is approved in a joint sitting, the Prime Minister may cause such matter to be referred to a referendum in the form of a question that is capable of being answered by either "Yes" or "No". ][^79] **(7)** An act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may lay down the procedure for the holding of a referendum and the compiling and consolidation of the result of a referendum. [^67] ### 49. Chairman or Speaker to act as, or perform functions of, President **(1)** If the office of President becomes vacant by reason of death, resignation or removal of the President the Chairman or, if he is unable to perform the functions of the office of President, the Speaker of the National Assembly shall act as President until a President is elected in accordance with clause (3) of Article 41. **(2)** When the President, by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause, is unable to perform his functions, the Chairman or, if he too is absent or unable to perform the functions of the office of President, the Speaker of the National Assembly shall perform the functions of President until the President returns to Pakistan or, as the case may be, resumes his functions. ## Chapter 2 Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) ### Composition, Duration and Meetings of [^80][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^80] [^81] ### 50. Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) There shall be a Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of Pakistan consisting of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the National Assembly and the Senate. [^81] [^82] | **51.** | **National Assembly:** **(1)** There shall be [^83][three hundred and thirty-six][^83] seats for members in the National Assembly, including seats reserved for women and non-Muslims. **(2)** A person shall be entitled to vote if- **(a)** he is a citizen of Pakistan; **(b)** he is not less than eighteen years of age; **(c)** his name appears on the electoral roll; and **(d)** he is not declared by a competent court to be of unsound mind; [^84][ \| (3) \| The seats in the National Assembly referred to in clause (1), except as provided in clause (4), shall be allocated to each Province and the Federal Capital as under- \\\| \\\| General Seats \\\| Women Seats \\\| Total Seats \\\| \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| \\\| Balochistan \\\| 16 \\\| 4 \\\| 20 \\\| \\\| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa \\\| 45 \\\| 10 \\\| 55 \\\| \\\| Punjab \\\| 141 \\\| 32 \\\| 173 \\\| \\\| Sindh \\\| 61 \\\| 14 \\\| 75 \\\| \\\| Federal Capital \\\| 3 \\\| - \\\| 3 \\\| \\\| Total \\\| 266 \\\| 60 \\\| 326 \\\| \| \| --- \| --- \| \| \| \| ][^84][^86][ **(3A)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (l) or any other law for the time being in force, the members of the National Assembly from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas to be elected in the general elections, 2018 shall continue till dissolution of the National Assembly and thereafter this clause shall stand omitted. ][^86] **(4)** In addition to the number of seats referred to in clause (3), there shall be, in the National Assembly, ten seats reserved for non-Muslims. [^87][ **(5)** [^88][][^88][^89][The][^89] seats in the National Assembly shall be allocated to each province and the Federal Capital on the basis of population in accordance with the last preceding census officially published: > **Provided** that for purposes of the next general elections to be held in 2018 and bye-elections related thereto, the allocation shall be made on the basis of provisional results of the 2017 census which shall be published by the Federal Government. ][^87] **(6)** For the purpose of election to the National Assembly,- **(a)** the constituencies for the general seats shall be single member territorial constituencies and the members to fill such seats shall be elected by direct and free vote in accordance with law; **(b)** each Province shall be a single constituency for all seats reserved for women which are allocated to the respective Provinces under clause (3); **(c)** the constituency for all seats reserved for non-Muslims shall be the whole country; **(d)** members to the seats reserved for women which are allocated to a Province under clause (3) shall be elected in accordance with law through proportional representation system of political parties' lists of candidates on the basis of total number of general seats secured by each political party from the Province concerned in the National Assembly: > **Provided** that for the purpose of this sub-clause the total number of general seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned candidate or candidates who may duly join such political party within three days of the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates; **(e)** members to the seats reserved for non-Muslims shall be elected in accordance with law through proportional representation system of political parties' lists of candidates on the basis of total number of general seats won by each political party in the National Assembly: > **Provided** that for the purpose of this sub-clause the total number of general seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned candidate or candidates who may duly join such political party within three days of the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates. | | --- | --- | | | | [^82] ### 52. Duration of National Assembly The National Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, continue for a term of five years from the day of its first meeting and shall stand dissolved at the expiration of its term. ### 53. Speaker and Deputy Speaker of National Assembly **(1)** After a general election, the National Assembly shall, at its first meeting and to the exclusion of any other business, elect from amongst its members a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and, so often as the office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker becomes vacant, the Assembly shall elect another member as Speaker or, as the case may be, Deputy Speaker. **(2)** Before entering upon office, a member elected as Speaker or Deputy Speaker shall make before the National Assembly oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. **(3)** When the office of Speaker is vacant, or the Speaker is absent or is unable to perform his functions due to any cause, the Deputy Speaker shall act as Speaker, and if, at that time, the Deputy Speaker is also absent or is unable to act as Speaker due to any cause, such member as may be determined by the rules of procedure of the Assembly shall preside at the meeting of the Assembly. **(4)** The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall not preside at a meeting of the Assembly when a resolution for his removal from office is being considered. **(5)** The Speaker may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office. **(6)** The Deputy Speaker may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker, resign his office. **(7)** The office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker shall become vacant if: **(a)** he resigns his office; **(b)** he ceases to be a member of the Assembly; **(c)** he is removed from office by a resolution of the Assembly, of which not less than seven days' notice has been given and which is passed by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the Assembly. **(8)** When the National Assembly is dissolved the Speaker shall continue in his office till the person elected to fill the office by the next Assembly enters upon his office. ### 54. Summoning and prorogation of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) **(1)** The President may, from time to time, summon either House or both Houses of [^106][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^106] in joint sitting to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit and may also prorogue the same. **(2)** There shall be at least [^107][three][^107] sessions of the National Assembly every year, and not more than one hundred and twenty days shall intervene between the last sitting of the Assembly in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session: > **Provided** that the National Assembly shall meet for not less than one hundred and [^108][thirty][^108] working days in each year. > [^110][**Explanation:**In this clause, "working days" includes any day on which there is a joint sitting and any period, not exceeding two days for which the National Assembly is adjourned.][^110] **(3)** On a requisition signed by not less than one-fourth of the total membership of the National Assembly, the Speaker shall summon the National Assembly to meet, at such time and place as he thinks fit, within fourteen days of the receipt of the requisition; and when the Speaker has summoned the Assembly only he may prorogue it. ### 55. Voting in Assembly and quorum **(1)** Subject to the Constitution, all decisions Voting in of the National Assembly shall be taken by majority Assembly a of the members present and voting, but the person quorum. presiding shall not vote except in the case of equality of votes. **(2)** If at any time during a sitting of the National Assembly the attention of the person presiding is drawn to the fact that less than one-fourth of the total membership of the Assembly is present, he shall either adjourn the Assembly or suspend the meeting until at least one-fourth of such membership is present. ### 56. Address by President [^111][(1)][^111] The President may address either House or both Houses assembled together and may for that purpose require the attendance of the members. [^112][ **(2)** The President may send messages to either House, whether with respect to a Bill then pending in the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or otherwise, and a House to which any message is so sent shall with all convenient dispatch consider any matter required by the message to be taken into consideration. [^113][ **(3)** At the commencement of the first session after each general election to the National Assembly and at the commencement of the first session of each year the President shall address both Houses assembled together and inform the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of the causes of its summons. ][^113] **(4)** Provision shall be made in the rules for regulating the procedure of a House and the conduct of its business for the allotment of time for discussion of the matters referred to in the address of the President. ][^112] ### 57. Right to speak in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) The Prime Minister, a Federal Minister, a Minister of State and the Attorney General shall have the right to speak and otherwise take part in the proceedings of either House, or a joint sitting or any committee thereof, of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this Article be entitled to vote. [^114] ### 58. Dissolution of the National Assembly: **(1)** The President shall dissolve the National Assembly if so advised by the Prime Minister; and the National Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, stand dissolved at the expiration of forty-eight hours after the Prime Minister has so advised. > **Explanation:**Reference in this Article to "Prime Minister" shall not be construed to include reference to a Prime Minister against whom a notice of a resolution for a note of no-confidence has been given in the National Assembly but has not been voted upon or against whom such a resolution has been passed or who is continuing in office after his resignation or after the dissolution of the National Assembly. **(2)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (2) of Article 48, the President may dissolve the National Assembly in his discretion where, a vote of no-confidence having been passed against the Prime Minister, no other member of the National Assembly commands the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, as ascertained in a session of the National Assembly summoned for the purpose. [^114] [^123] ### 59. The Senate **(1)** The Senate shall consist of [^124][ninety-six][^124], of whom- **(a)** fourteen shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly; [^125][][^125] **(c)** two on general seats, and one woman and one technocrat including aalim shall be elected from the Federal Capital in such manner as the President may, by Order, prescribe; **(d)** four women shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly; **(e)** four technocrats including ulema shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly; and **(f)** four non-Muslims, one from each Province, shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly: > **Provided** that paragraph (f) shall be effective from the next Senate election after the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010. **(2)** Election to fill seats in the Senate allocated to each Province shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote. **(3)** The Senate shall not be subject to dissolution but the term of its members, who shall retire as follows, shall be six years:- **(a)** of the members referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1), seven shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and seven shall retire after the expiration of the next three years; [^126][][^126] **(c)** of the members referred to in paragraph (c) of the aforesaid clause,- **(i)** one elected on general seat shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and the other one shall retire after the expiration of the next three years; and **(ii)** one elected on the seat reserved for technocrat shall retire after the first three years and the one elected on the seat reserved for women shall retire after the expiration of the next three years; **(d)** of the members referred to in paragraph (d) of the aforesaid clause, two shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and two shall retire after the expiration of the next three years; **(e)** of the members referred to in paragraph (e) of the aforesaid clause, two shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and two shall retire after the expiration of the next three years; and **(f)** of the members referred to in paragraph (f) of the aforesaid clause, two shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and two shall retire after the expiration of the next three years: > **Provided** that the Election Commission for the first term of seats for non-Muslims shall draw a lot as to which two members shall retire after the first three years. > [^127][Explanation.- The term of a member, notwithstanding the date of his election, shall expire on the eleventh day of March of the year of the completion of term for which he is elected.][^127] [^128][ **(3A)** Notwithstanding the omission of paragraph (b) of clause (1) and the omission of paragraph (b) of clause (3), the existing members of the Senate from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas shall continue till expiry of their respective terms of office and on the expiry of the aforesaid terms this clause shall stand omitted. ][^128] **(4)** The term of office of a person elected to fill a casual vacancy shall be the unexpired term of the member whose vacancy he has filled. [^123] ### 60. Chairman and Deputy Chairman **(1)** After the Senate has been duly constituted, it shall, at its first meeting and to the exclusion of any other business, elect from amongst its members a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman and, so often as the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman becomes vacant, the Senate shall elect another member as Chairman or, as the case may be, Deputy Chairman. **(2)** The term of office of the Chairman or Deputy Chairman shall be [^144][three][^144] years from the day on which he enters upon his office. ### 61. Other provisions relating to Senate The provisions of clauses (2) to (7) of Article 53, clauses (2) and (3) of Article 54 and Article 55 shall apply to the Senate as they apply to the National Assembly and, in their application to the Senate, shall have effect as if references therein to the National Assembly, Speaker and Deputy Speaker were references, respectively, to the Senate, Chairman and Deputy Chairman [^145][and as if, in the proviso to the said clause (2) of Article 54, for the words "[^146][one hundred and thirty][^146]" the word "[^148][one hundred and ten][^148]" were substituted][^145]. ### Provisions as to Members of [^149][Parliament][^149] [^150] ### 62. Qualifications for membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament): **(1)** A person shall not be qualified to be elected or chosen as a member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) unless- **(a)** he is a citizen of Pakistan; **(b)** he is, in the case of the National Assembly, not less than twenty -five years of age and is enroled as a voter in any electoral roll in- **(i)** any part of Pakistan, for election to a general seat or a seat reserved for non-Muslims; and **(ii)** any area in a Province from which she seeks membership for election to a seat reserved for women. **(c)** he is, in the case of Senate, not less than thirty years of age and is enrolled as a voter in any area in a Province or, as the case may be, the Federal Capital [^151][][^151], from where he seeks membership; **(d)** he is of good character and is not commonly known as one who violates Islamic Injunctions; **(e)** he has adequate knowledge of Islamic teachings and practises obligatory duties prescribed by Islam as well as abstains from major sins ; **(f)** he is sagacious, righteous and non-profligate, honest and ameen, there being no declaration to the contrary by a court of law; **(g)** he has not, after the establishment of Pakistan, worked against the integrity of the country or opposed the ideology of Pakistan. **(2)** The disqualifications specified in paragraphs (d) and (e) shall not apply to a person who is a non-Muslim, but such a person shall have good moral reputation. [^150] [^153] ### 63. Disqualifications for membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament): **(1)** A person shall be disqualified from being elected or chosen as, and from being, a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), if:- **(a)** he is of unsound mind and has been so declared by a competent court; or **(b)** he is an undischarged insolvent; or **(c)** he ceases to be a citizen of Pakistan, or acquires the citizenship of a foreign State; or **(d)** he holds an office of profit in the service of Pakistan other than an office declared by law not to disqualify its holder; or **(e)** he is in the service of any statutory body or any body which is owned or controlled by the Government or in which the Government has a controlling share or interest; or **(f)** being a citizen of Pakistan by virtue of section 14B of the Pakistan Citizenship Act, 1951 (II of 1951), he is for the time being disqualified under any law in force in Azad Jammu and Kashmir from being elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Azad Jammu and Kashmir; or **(g)** he has been convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction for propagating any opinion, or acting in any manner, prejudicial to the ideology of Pakistan, or the sovereignty, integrity or security of Pakistan, or morality, or the maintenance of public order, or the integrity or independence of the judiciary of Pakistan, or which defames or brings into ridicule the judiciary or the Armed Forces of Pakistan, unless a period of five years has elapsed since his release; or **(h)** he has been, on conviction for any offence involving moral turpitude, senteced to imprisonment for a term of not less than two years, unless a period of five years has elapsed since his release; or **(i)** he has been dismissed from the service of Pakistan or service of a corporation or office set up or, controlled, by the Federal Government, Provincial Government or a Local Government on the grounds of misconduct, unless a period of five years has elapsed since his dismissal; or **(j)** he has been removed or compulsorily retired from the service of Pakistan or service of a corporation or office set up or controlled by the Federal Government, Provincial Government or a Local Government on the ground of misconduct, unless a period of three years has elapsed since his removal or compulsory retirement; or **(k)** he has been in the service of Pakistan or of any statutory body or any body which is owned or controlled by the Government or in which the Government has a controlling share or interest, unless a period of two years has elapsed since he ceased to be in such service; or **(l)** he, whether by himself or by any person or body of persons in trust for him or for his benefit or on his account or as a member of a Hindu undivided family, has any share or interest in a contract, not being a contract between a cooperative society and Government, for the supply of goods to, or for the execution of any contract or for the performance of any service undertaken by, Government: > **Provided** that the disqualification under this paragraph shall not apply to a person- > > **(i)** where the share or interest in the contract devolves on him by inheritance or succession or as a legatee, executor or administrator, until the expiration of six months after it has so devolved on him; > > **(ii)** where the contract has been entered into by or on behalf of a public company as defined in the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XLVII of 1984), of which he is a share-holder but is not a director holding an office of profit under the company; or > > **(iii)** where he is a member of a Hindu undivided family and the contract has been entered into by any other member of that family in the course of carrying on a separate business in which he has no share or interest; or > Explanation:- In this Article "goods" does not include agricultural produce or commodity grown or produced by him or such goods as he is, under any directive of Government or any law for the time being in force, under a duty or obligation to supply. **(m)** he holds any office of profit in the service of Pakistan other than the following offices, namely :- **(i)** an office which is not whole time office remunerated either by salary or by fee; **(ii)** the office of Lumbardar, whether called by this or any other title; **(iii)** the Qaumi Razakars; **(iv)** any office the holder whereof, by virtue of such office, is liable to be called up for military training or military service under any law providing for the constitution or raising of a Force; or **(n)** he has obtained a loan for an amount of two million rupees or more, from any bank, financial institution, cooperative society or cooperative body in his own name or in the name of his spouse or any of his dependents, which remains unpaid for more than one year from the due date, or has got such loan written off; or **(o)** he or his spouse or any of his dependents has defaulted in payment of government dues and utility expenses, including telephone, electricity, gas and water charges in excess of ten thousand rupees, for over six months, at the time of filing his nomination papers; or **(p)** he is for the time being disqualified from being elected or chosen as a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or of a Provincial Assembly under any law for the time being in force. > **Explanation:**For the purposes of this paragraph "law" shall not include an Ordinance promulgated under Article 89 or Article 128. **(2)** If any question arises whether a member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) has become disqualified from being a member, the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman shall, unless he decides that no such question has arisen, refer the question to the Election Commission within thirty days and should he fail to do so within the aforesaid period it shall be deemed to have been referred to the Election Comission. **(3)** The Election Commission shall decide the question within ninety days from its receipt or deemed to have been received and if it is of the opinion that the member has become disqualified, he shall cease to be a member and his seat shall become vacant. [^153] [^161] ### 63A. Disqualification on grounds of defection, etc **(1)** If a member of a Parliamentary Party composed of a single political party in a House- **(a)** resigns from membership of his political party or joins another Parliamentary Party; or **(b)** votes or abstains from voting in the House contrary to any direction issued by the Parliamentary Party to which he belongs, in relations to- **(i)** election of the Prime Minister or the Chief Minister; or **(ii)** a vote of confidence or a vote of no-confidence; or **(iii)** a Money Bill or a Constitution (Amendment) Bill; he may be declared in writing by the Party Head to have defected from the political party, and the Party Head may forward a copy of the declaration to the Presiding Officer and the Chief Election Commissioner and shall similarly forward a copy thereof to the member concerned: > **Provided** that before making the declaration, the Party Head shall provide such member with an opportunity to show cause as to why such declaration may not be made against him. > **Explanation:**"Party Head" means any person, by whatever name called, declared as such by the Party. **(2)** A member of a House shall be deemed to be a member of a Parliamentary Party if he having been elected as a candidate or nominee of a political party which constitutes the Parliamentary Party in the House or, having been elected otherwise than as a candidate or nominee of a political party, has become a member of such Parliamentary Party after such election by means of a declaration in writing. **(3)** Upon receipt of the declaration under clause (1), the Presiding Officer of the House shall within two days refer the declaration to the Chief Election Commissioner who shall lay the declaration before the Election Commission for its decision thereon confirming the declaration or otherwise within thirty days of its receipt by the Chief Election Commissioner. **(4)** Where the Election Commission confirms the declaration, the member referred to in clause (1) shall cease to be a member of the House and his seat shall become vacant. **(5)** Any party aggrieved by the decision of the Election Commission may within thirty days, refer an appeal to the [^162][Federal Constitutional][^162] Court which shall decide the matter within ninety days from the date of the filing of the appeal. **(6)** Nothing contained in this Article shall apply to the Chairman or Speaker of a House. **(7)** For the purpose of this Article - **(a)** "House" means the National Assembly or the Senate in relation to the Federation and a Provincial Assembly in relation to the Province, as the case may be. **(b)** "Presiding Officer" means the Speaker of the National Assembly, the Chairman of the Senate or the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly, as the case may be. **(8)** Article 63A substituted as aforesaid shall come into effect from the next general elections to be held after the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010: > **Provided** that till Article 63A substituted as aforesaid comes into effect the provisions of existing Article 63A shall remain operative. [^161] ### 64. Vacation of seats **(1)** A Member of [^165][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^165] may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman resign his seat, and thereupon his seat shall become vacant. **(2)** A House may declare the seat of a member vacant if, without leave of the House, he remains absent for forty consecutive days of its sittings. ### 65. Oath of members A person elected to a House shall not sit or vote until he has made before the House oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. ### 66. Privileges of members, etc **(1)** Subject to the Constitution and to the rules of procedure of [^166][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^166], there shall be freedom of speech in [^167][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^167] and no member shall be liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything said or any vote given by him in [^168][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^168], and no person shall be so liable in respect of the publication by or under the authority of [^169][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^169] of any report, paper, votes or proceedings. **(2)** In other respects, the powers, immunities and privileges of [^170][Majlis-e-Shoora, (Parliament)][^170], and the immunities and privileges of the members of [^171][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^171], shall be such as may from time to time be defined by law and, until so defined, shall be such as were, immediately before the commencing day, enjoyed by the National Assembly of Pakistan and the committees thereof and its members. **(3)** Provision may be made by law for the punishment, by a House, of persons who refuse to give evidence or produce documents before a committee of the House when duly required by the chairman of the committee so to do: > **Provided** that any such law- **(a)** may empower a court to punish a person who refuses to give evidence or produce documents; and **(b)** shall have effect subject to such Order for safeguarding confidential matters from disclosure as may be made by the President. **(4)** The provisions of this Article shall apply to person s who have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, [^172][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^172] as they apply to members. **(5)** In this Article, [^173][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^173] means either House or a joint sitting, or a committee thereof. ### Procedure Generally ### 67. Rules of Procedure, etc **(1)** Subject to the Constitution, a House may make [^174] rules for regulating its procedure and the conduct of its business, and shall have power to act notwithstanding any vacancy in the membership thereof, and any proceedings in the House shall not be invalid on the ground that some persons who were not entitled to do so sat, voted or otherwise took part in the proceedings. **(2)** Until rules are made under clause (1), the procedure and conduct of business in a House shall be regulated by the rules of procedure made by the President. ### 68. Restriction on discussion in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) No discussion shall take place in [^175][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^175] with respect to the conduct of any Judge of [^176][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^176] the Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of his duties. ### 69. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) **(1)** The validity of any proceedings in [^177][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^177] shall not be called in question on the ground of any irregularity of procedure. **(2)** No officer or member of [^178][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^178] in whom powers are vested by or under the Constitution for regulating procedure or the conduct of business, or for maintaining order in [^179][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^179], shall be subject to the jurisdiction of any court in respect of the exercise by him of those powers. **(3)** In this Article, [^180][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^180] has the same meaning as in Article 66. ### Legislative Procedure [^181] ### 70. Introduction and passing of Bills: **(1)** A Bill with respect to any matter in the Federal Legislative List may originate in either House and shall, if it is passed by the House in which it originated, be transmitted to the other House; and, if the Bill is passed without amendment, by the other House also, it shall he presented to the President for assent. **(2)** If a Bill transmitted to a House under clause (1) is passed with amendments it shall be sent back to the Hosue in which it originated and if that House passes the Bill with those amendments it shall be presented to the President for assent. **(3)** If a Bill transmitted to a House under clause (1) is rejected or is not passed within ninety days of its laying in the House or a Bill sent to a House under clause (2) with amendments is not passed by that House with such amendments, the Bill, at the request of the House in which it originated, shall be considered in a joint sitting and if passed by the votes of the majority of the members present and voting in the joint sitting it shall be presented to the President for assent. **(4)** In this Article and the succeeding provisions of the Constitution, "Federal Legislative List" means the Federal Legislative List and the in the Fourth Schedule. [^181] [^184] [^184] [^185] [^185] ### 72. Procedure at joint sittings **(1)** The President, after consultation with the Speaker of the National Assembly and the Chairman, may make rules as to the procedure with respect to the joint sittings of, and communications between, the two Houses. **(2)** At a joint sitting, the Speaker of the National Assembly or, in his absence, such person as may be determined by the rules made under clause (1), shall preside. **(3)** The rules made under clause (1) shall be laid before a joint sitting and may be added to, varied, amended or replaced at a joint sitting. **(4)** Subject to the Constitution, all decisions at a joint sitting shall be taken by the votes of the majority of the members present and voting. ### 73. Procedure with respect to Money Bill [^187][ **(1)** Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 70, a Money Bill shall originate in the National Assembly: > **Provided** that simultaneously when a Money Bill, including the Finance Bill containing the Annual Budget Statement, is presented in the National Assembly, a copy thereof shall be transmitted to the Sentate which may, within fourteen days, make recommendations thereon to the National Assembly. **(1A)** The National Assembly shall consider the recommendations of the Senate and after the Bill has been passed by the Assembly with or without incorporating the recommendations of the Senate, it shall be presented to the President for assent. ][^187] **(2)** For the purpose of this Chapter, a Bill or amendment shall be deemed to be a Money Bill if it contains provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters, namely:- **(a)** the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax; **(b)** the borrowing of money, or the giving of any guarantee, by the Federal government, or the amendment of the law relating to the financial obligations of that Government; **(c)** the custody of the Federal Consolidated Fund, the payment of moneys into, or the issue of moneys from, that Fund; **(d)** the imposition of a charge upon the Federal Consolidated Fund, or the abolition or alteration of any such charge; **(e)** the receipt of moneys on account of the Public Account of the Federation, the custody or issue of such moneys; **(f)** the audit of the accounts of the Federal Government or a Provincial Government; and **(g)** any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in the preceding paragraphs. **(3)** A Bill shall not be deemed to be a Money Bill by reason only that it provides:- **(a)** for the imposition or alteration of any fine or other pecuniary penalty, or for the demand or payment of a licence fee or a fee or charge for any service rendered; or **(b)** for the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax by any local authority or body for local purposes. **(4)** If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of the National Assembly thereon shall be final. **(5)** Every Money Bill presented to the President for assent shall bear a certificate under the hand of the Speaker of the National Assembly that it is a Money Bill, and such certificate shall be conclusive for all purposes and shall not be called in question. ### 74. Federal Government's consent required for financial measures A Money Bill or a Bill or amendment which if enacted and brought into operation would involve expenditure from the Federal Consolidated Fund or withdrawal from the Public Account of the Federation or affect the coinage or currency of Pakistan or the constitution or functions of the State Bank of Pakistan shall not be introduced or moved in [^190][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^190] except by or with the consent of the Federal Government. [^191] ### 75. President's assent to Bills **(1)** When a Bill is presented to the President for assent, the President shall, within [^192][ten][^192] days,- **(a)** assent to the Bill; or **(b)** in the case of a Bill other than a Money Bill, return the Bill to the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) with a message requesting that the Bill, or any specified provision thereof, be reconsidered and that any amendment specified in the message be considered. [^194][ **(2)** When the President has returned a Bill to the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), it shall be reconsidered by the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) in joint sitting and, if it is again passed, with or without amendment, by the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), by the votes of the majority of the members of both Houses present and voting; it shall be deemed for the purposes of the Constitution to have been passed by both Houses and shall be presented to the President, and the President shall give his assent within ten days, failing which such assent shall be deemed to have been given. ][^194] **(3)** When the President has assented [^198][or is deemed to have assented][^198] to a Bill, it shall become law and be called an Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament). **(4)** No act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), and no provision in any such Act, shall be invalid by reason only that some recommendation, previous sanction or consent required by the Constitution was not given if that Act was assented to in accordance with the Constitution. [^191] ### 76. Bill not to lapse on prorogation, etc **(1)** A Bill pending in either House shall not lapse by reason of the prorogation of the House. **(2)** A Bill pending in the Senate which has not been passed by the National Assembly shall not lapse on the dissolution of the National Assembly. **(3)** A Bill pending in the National Assembly, or a Bill which having been passed by the National Assembly is pending in the Senate, shall lapse on the dissolution of the National Assembly. ### 77. Tax to be levied by law only No tax shall be levied for the purposes of the Federation except by or under the authority of Act of [^199][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^199] ### 78. Federal Consolidated Fund and Public Account **(1)** All revenues received by the Federal Government, all loans raised by that Government and all moneys received by it in repayment of any loan, shall form part of a consolidated fund, to be known as the Federal Consolidated Fund. **(2)** All other moneys- **(a)** received by or on behalf of the Federal Government; or **(b)** received by or deposited with [^200][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^200] the Supreme Court or any other court established under the authority of the Federation; shall be credited to the Public Account of the Federation. ### 79. Custody, etc., of Federal Consolidated Fund and Public Account The custody of the Federal Consolidated Fund, the payment Or moneys into that Fund, the withdrawal of moneys therefrom, the custody of other moneys received by or on behalf of the Federal Government, their payment into, and withdrawal from, the Public Account of the Federation, and all matters connected with or ancillary to the matters aforesaid shall be regulated by Act of [^201][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^201] or, until provision in that behalf is so made, by rules made by the President. ### 80. Annual Budget Statement **(1)** The Federal Government shall, in respect of every financial year, cause to be laid before the National Assembly a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Federal Government for that year, in this Part referred to as the Annual Budget Statement. **(2)** The Annual Budget Statement shall show separately- **(a)** the sums required to meet expenditure described by the Constitution as expenditure charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund; and **(b)** the sums required to meet other expenditure proposed to be made from the Federal Consolidated Fund; and shall distinguish expenditure on revenue account from other expenditure. ### 81. Expenditure charged upon Federal Consolidated Fund The following expenditure shall be expenditure charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund:- **(a)** the remuneration payable to the President and other expenditure relating to his office, and the remuneration payable to- **(i)** the Judges of [^202][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^202]the Supreme Court [^203][and the Islamabad High Court][^203]; **(ii)** the Chief Election Commissioner; **(iii)** the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman; **(iv)** the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly; **(v)** the Auditor-General; [^204][ **(b)** the administrative expenses, including the remuneration payable to officers and [^205][staff][^205] of the [^206][[^207][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^207]Supreme Court, the Judicial Commission of Pakistan, the Supreme Judicial Council][^206], the Islamabad High Court, the department of the Auditor-General, the Office of the Chief Election Commissioner and of the Election Commission and the Secretariats of the Senate and the National Assembly; ][^204] **(c)** all debt charges for which the Federal Government is liable, including interest, sinking fund charges, the repayment or amortisation of capital, and other expenditure in connection with the raising of loans, and the service and redemption of debt on the security of the Federal Consolidated Fund; **(d)** any sums required to satisfy any judgment, decree or award against Pakistan by any court or tribunals; [^208][][^208] [^209][ **(da)** any sums required to organize and conduct elections to the National Assembly, Senate, Provincial Assemblies and the local governments; and ][^209] **(e)** any other sums declared by the Constitution or by Act of [^210][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^210] to be so charged. ### 82. Procedure relating to Annual Budget Statement **(1)** So much of the Annual Budget Statement as relates to expenditure charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund may be discussed in, but shall not be submitted to the vote of, the National Assembly. **(2)** So much of the Annual Budget Statement as relates to other expenditure shall be submitted to the National Assembly in the form of demands for grants, and the Assembly shall have power to assent to, or to refuse to assent to, any demand, or to assent to any demand subject to a reduction of the amount specified therein; > **Provided** that, for a period of ten years from the commencing day or the holding of the second general election to the National Assembly, whichever occurs later, a demand shall be deemed to have been assented to without any reduction of the amount specified therein, unless, by the votes of a majority of the total membership of the Assembly, it is refused or assented to subject to a reduction of the amount specified therein. **(3)** No demand for a grant shall be made except on the recommendation of the Federal Government. ### 83. Authentication of schedule of authorised expenditure **(1)** The Prime Minister shall authenticate by his signature a schedule specifying- **(a)** the grants made or deemed to have been made by the National Assembly under Article 82, and **(b)** the several sums required to meet the expenditure charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund but not exceeding, in the case of any sum, the sum shown in the statement previously laid before the National Assembly. **(2)** The schedule so authenticated shall be laid before the National Assembly, but shall not be open to discussion or vote thereon. **(3)** Subject to the Constitution, no expenditure from the Federal Consolidated Fund shall be deemed to be duly authorised unless it is specified in the schedule so authenticated and such schedule is laid before the National Assembly as required by clause (2). ### 84. Supplementary and excess grants If in respect of any financial year it is found- **(a)** that the amount authorized to be expended for a particular service for the current financial year is insufficient, or that a need has arisen for expenditure upon some new service not included in the Annual Budget Statement for that year; or **(b)** that any money has been spent on any service during a financial year in excess of the amount granted for that service for that year; the Federal Government shall have power to authorize expenditure from the Federal Consolidated Fund, whether the expenditure is charged by the Constitution upon that Fund or not, and shall cause to be laid before the National Assembly a Supplementary Budget Statement or, as the case may be, an Excess Budget Statement, setting out the amount of that expenditure, and the provisions of Articles 80 to 83 shall apply to those statements as they apply to the Annual Budget Statement. ### 85. Votes on account Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions relating to financial matters, the National Assembly shall have power to make any grant in advance in respect of the estimated expenditure for a part of any financial year, not exceeding four months, pending completion of the procedure prescribed in Article 82 for the voting of such grant and the authentication of the schedule of authorized expenditure in accordance with the provisions of Article 83 in relation to the expenditure. ### 86. Power to authorise expenditure when Assembly stands dissolved Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions relating to financial matters, at any time when the National Assembly stands dissolved, the Federal Government may authorize expenditure from the Federal Consolidated Fund in respect of the estimated expenditure for a period not exceeding four months in any financial year, pending completion of the procedure prescribed in Article 82 for the voting of grants and the authentication of the schedule of authorized expenditure in accordance with the provisions of Article 83 in relation to the expenditure. ### 87. Secretariats of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) **(1)** Each House shall have a separate Secretariat > **Provided** that nothing in this clause shall be construed as preventing the creation of posts common to both Houses. **(2)** [^211][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^211] may by law regulate the recruitment and the conditions of service of persons appointed to the Secretarial staff of either House. **(3)** Until provision is made by [^212][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^212] under clause (2), the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman may, with the approval of the President, make [^213] rules regulating the recruitment and the conditions of service, of persons appointed to the secretarial staff of the National Assembly or the Senate. ### 88. Finance Committees **(1)** The expenditure of the National Assembly and the Senate within authorised appropriations shall be controlled by the National Assembly or, as the case may be, the Senate acting on the advice of its Finance Committee. **(2)** The Finance Committee shall consist of the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman, the Minister of Finance and such other members as may be elected thereto by the National Assembly or, as the case may be, the Senate. **(3)** The Finance Committee may make [^214] rules for regulating its procedure.Ordinances. ### Ordinances ### 89. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances **(1)** The President may, except when the [^215][Senate or][^215] National Assembly is in session, if satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary to take immediate action, make and promulgate an Ordinance, as the circumstances may require. **(2)** An Ordinance promulgated under this Article shall have the same force and effect as an Act of [^216][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^216] and shall be subject to like restrictions as the power of [^217][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^217] to make law, but every such Ordinance- **(a)** shall be laid- **(i)** before the National Assembly if it [^218][contains provisions dealing with all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) of Article 73][^218], and shall stand repealed at the expiration of [^219][one hundred and twenty days][^219] from its promulgation or, if before the expiration of that period -a resolution disapproving it is passed by the Assembly, upon the passing of that resolution[^220][:][^220] > [^221][**Provided** that the National Assembly may by a resolution extend the Ordinance for a further period of one hundred and twenty days and it shall stand repealed at the expiration of the extended period, or if before the expiration of that period a resolution disapproving it is passed by the Assembly, upon the passing of that resolution: > **Provided** further that extension for further period may be made only once.][^221] **(ii)** before both Houses if it [^222][does not contain provisions dealing with any of the matters referred to in sub-paragraph (i)][^222], and shall stand repealed at the expiration of [^223][one hundred and twenty days][^223] from its promulgation or, if before the expiration of that period a resolution disapproving it is passed by either House, upon the passing of that resolution[^224][:][^224] > [^225][**Provided** that either House may by a resolution extend it for a further period of one hundred and twenty days and it shall stand repealed at the expiration of the extended period, or if before the expiration of that period a resolution disapproving it is passed by a House, upon the passing of that resolution: > **Provided** further that extension for a further period may be made only once.][^225] **(b)** may be withdrawn at any time by the President. [^226][ **(3)** Without prejudice to the provisions of clause (2),- **(a)** an Ordinance laid before the National Assembly under sub-paragraph (i) of paragraph (a) of clause (2) shall be deemed to be a Bill introduced in the National Assembly; and **(b)** an Ordinance laid before both Houses under sub-paragraph (ii) of paragraph (a) of clause (2) shall be deemed to be a Bill introduced in the House where it was first laid." ][^226] ## Chapter 3 The Federal Government [^227] [^228] ### 90. The Federal Government: **(1)** Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the Federation shall be exercised in the name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting of the Prime Minister and the Federal Ministers, which shall act through the Prime Minister, who shall be the chief executive of the Federation. **(2)** In the performance of his functions under the Constitution, the Prime Minister may act either directly or through the Federal Ministers." [^228] [^231] ### 91. The Cabinet: **(1)** There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Prime Minister at its head, to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions. **(2)** The National Assembly shall meet on the twenty-first day following the day on which a general election to the Assembly is held, unless sooner summoned by the President. **(3)** After the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, the National Assembly shall, to the exclusion of any other business, proceed to elect without debate one of its Muslim members to be the Prime Minister. **(4)** The Prime Minister shall be elected by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the National Assembly: > **Provided** that, if no member secures such majority in the first poll, a second poll shall be held between the members who secure the two highest numbers of votes in the first poll and the member who secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting shall be declared to have been elected as Prime Minister: > **Provided** further that, if the number of votes secured by two or more members securing the highest number of votes is equal, further poll shall be held between them until one of them secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting. **(5)** The member elected under clause (4) shall be called upon by the President to assume the office of Prime Minister and he shall, before entering upon the office, make before the President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule: > **Provided** that there shall be no restriction on the number of terms for the office of the Prime Minister. **(6)** The Cabinet, together with the Ministers of State, shall be collectively responsible to the Senate and the National Assembly. **(7)** The Prime Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the President, but the President shall not exercise his powers under this clause unless he is satisfied that the Prime Minister does not command the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly, in which case he shall summon the National Assembly and require the Prime Minister to obtain a vote of confidence from the Assembly. **(8)** The Prime Minister may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office. **(9)** A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the National Assembly shall, at the expiration of that period, cease to be a Minister and shall not before the dissolution of that Assembly be again appointed a Minister unless he is elected a member of that Assembly: > **Provided** that nothing in this clause shall apply to a Minister who is a member of the Senate. **(10)** Nothing in this Article shall be construed as disqualifying the Prime Minister or any other Minister or a Minister of State for continuing in office during any period during which the National Assembly stands dissolved, or as preventing the appointment of any person as Prime Minister or other Minister or a Minister of State during any such period. [^231] ### 92. Federal Ministers and Ministers of State **(1)** Subject to clauses [^235][(9) and (10)][^235] of Article 91, the President shall appoint Federal Ministers and Ministers of State from amongst the members of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) on the advice of the Prime Minister: > **Provided** that the number of Federal Ministers and Ministers of State who are members of the Senate shall not at any time exceed one-fourth of the number of Federal Ministers[^236][:][^236] > [^237][**Provided** further that the total strength of the Cabinet, including Ministers of State, shall not exceed eleven percent of the total membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament): > **Provided** also that the aforesaid amendment shall be effective from the next general election held after the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010. ][^237] **(2)** Before entering upon office, a Federal Minister or Minister of State shall make before the President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. **(3)** A Federal Minister or Minister of State may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office or may be removed from office by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. ### 93. Advisers **(1)** The President may, on the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint not more than [^238][seven][^238]Advisers, on such terms and conditions as he may determine. **(2)** The provisions of Article 57 shall also apply to an Adviser. ### 94. Prime Minister continuing in office The President may ask the Prime Minister to continue to hold office until his successor enters upon the office of Prime Minister. ### 95. Vote of no-confidence against Prime Minister **(1)** A resolution for a vote of no-confidence moved by not less than twenty per centum of the total membership of the National Assembly may be passed against the Prime Minister by the National Assembly. **(2)** A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be voted upon before the expiration of three days, or later than seven days, from the day on which such resolution is moved in the National Assembly. **(3)** A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be moved in the National Assembly while the National Assembly is considering demands for grants submitted to it in the Annual Budget Statement. **(4)** If the resolution referred to in clause (1) is passed by a majority of the total membership of the National Assembly, the Prime Minister shall cease to hold office. [^227] [^239] [^239] ### 97. Extent of executive authority of Federation Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the Federation shall extend to the matters with respect to which [^241][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^241] has power to make laws, including exercise of rights, authority and jurisdiction in and in relation to areas outside Pakistan: > **Provided** that the said authority shall not, save as expressly provided in the Constitution or in any law made by [^242][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^242], extend in any Province to a matter with respect to which the Provincial Assembly has also power to make laws. ### 98. Conferring of functions on subordinate authorities On the recommendation of the Federal Government, [^243][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^243] may by law confer functions upon officers or authorities subordinate to the Federal Government. [^244] ### 99. Conduct of business of Federal Government **(1)** All executive actions of the Federal Government shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the President. **(2)** The [^245][Federal Government][^245] shall by rules specify the manner in which orders and other instruments made and executed [^246][in the name of the President][^246] shall be authenticated, and the validity of any order or instrument so authenticated shall not be questioned in any court on the ground that it was not made or executed by the President. [^247][ **(3)** The Federal Government shall also make rules for the allocation and transaction of its business. ][^247] [^244] ### 100. Attorney-General for Pakistan **(1)** The President shall appoint a person, being a person qualified to be appointed a Judge of the [^248][Federal Constitutional][^248]Court, to be the Attorney-General for Pakistan. **(2)** The Attorney-General shall hold office during the pleasure of the President [^249][and shall not engage in private practice so long as he holds the office of the Attorney-General][^249]. **(3)** It shall be the duty of the Attorney-General to give advice to the Federal Government upon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal character as may be referred or assigned to him by the Federal Government, and in the performance of his duties he shall have the right of audience in all courts and tribunals in Pakistan. **(4)** The Attorney-General may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office. ## Part IV Provinces ## Chapter 1 The Governors ### 101. Appointment of Governor [^250][ **(1)** There shall be a Governor for each Province, who shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. ][^250] **(2)** A person shall not be appointed a Governor unless he is qualified to be elected as member of the National Assembly and is not less that thirty-five years of age [^255][and is a registered voter and resident of the Province concerned][^255][^256][:][^256][^257][][^257] [^259][][^259] **(3)** The Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President [^262][and shall be entitled to such salary, allowances and privileges as the President may determine][^262]. **(4)** The Governor may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office. [^263][ **(5)** The President may make such provision as he things fit for the discharge of the functions of a Governor [^264][in any contingency not provided for in this Part.][^264] ][^263] ### 102. Oath of office Before entering upon office, the Governor shall make before the Chief Justice of the High Court oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. ### 103. Conditions of Governor's office **(1)** The Governor shall not hold any office of profit in the service of Pakistan of occupy any other position carrying the right to remuneration for the rendering of services. **(2)** The Governor shall not be a candidate for election as a member of [^265][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^265] or a Provincial Assembly and, if a member of [^266][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^266] or a Provincial Assembly is appointed as Governor, his seat in [^267][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^267] or, as the case may be, the Provincial Assembly shall become vacant on the day he enters upon his office. [^268] ### 104. Speaker Provincial Assembly to act as, or perform functions of Governor in his absence: When the Governor, by reason of absence from Pakistan or for any other cause, is unable to perform his functions, the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly and in his absence any other person as the President may nominate shall perform the functions of Governor until the Governor returns to Pakistan or, as the case may be, resumes his functions. [^268] [^269] ### 105. Governor to act on advice, etc **(1)** Subject to the Constitution, in the performance of his functions, the Governor shall act [^270][on and][^270] in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet, [^271][or the Chief Minister][^271]. > [^272][**Provided** that [^273][within fifteen days][^273] the Governor may require the Cabinet or, as the case may be, the Chief Minister to reconsider such advice, whether generally or otherwise, and the Governor shall [^274][, within ten days,][^274] act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration.][^272] [^275][][^275] **(2)** The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered to the Governor by the Chief Minister [^276][or the Cabinet][^276] shall not be inquired into in, or by, any court, tribunal or other authority. [^277][ **(3)** Where the Governor dissolves the Provincial Assembly, notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), he shall,- **(a)** appoint a date, not later than ninety days from the date of dissolution, for the holding of a general election to the Assembly; and **(b)** appoint a care-taker Cabinet [^278][in accordance with the provisions of Article 224 or, as the case may be, Article 224A][^278]. ][^277][^279][][^279] **(5)** The provisions of clause [^280][(2)][^280] of Article 48 shall have effect in relation to a Governor as if reference therein to "President" were reference to "Governor". [^269] ## Chapter 2 Provincial Assemblies [^281] | **106.** | **Constitution of Provincial Assemblies:** \| (1) \| Each Provincial Assembly shall consist of general seats and seats reserved for women and non-Muslims as specified herein below:- \\\| \\\| General seats \\\| Women \\\| Non-Muslims \\\| Total \\\| \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| \\\| Balochistan \\\| 51 \\\| 11 \\\| 3 \\\| 65 \\\| \\\| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa \\\| 115 \\\| 26 \\\| 4 \\\| 145 \\\| \\\| Punjab \\\| 297 \\\| 66 \\\| 8 \\\| 371 \\\| \\\| Sindh \\\| 130 \\\| 29 \\\| 9 \\\| 168 \\\| \| \| --- \| --- \| \| \| \| [^283][ **(1A)** The seats for the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, referred to in clause (1), include sixteen general seats, four seats for women and one seat for non-Muslims in respect of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas: > **Provided** that elections to the aforesaid seats shall be held within one year after the general elections, 2018. **(1B)** After elections to seats referred to in clause (1A), both clause (1A) and this clause shall stand omitted. ][^283] **(2)** A person shall be entitled to vote if- **(a)** he is a citizen of Pakistan; **(b)** he is not less than eighteen years of age; **(c)** his name appears on the electoral roll; and **(d)** he is not declared by a competent court to be of unsound mind. **(3)** For the purpose of election to the Provincial Assembly,- **(a)** the constituencies for the general seats shall be single member territorial constituencies and the members to fill such seats shall be elected by direct and free vote; **(b)** each Province shall be a single constituency for all seats reserved for women and non-Muslims allocated to the respective Provinces under clause (3); **(c)** the members to fill seats reserved for women and non-Muslims allocated to a Province under clause (1) shall be elected in accordance with law through proportional representation system of political parties' lists of candidates on the basis of total number of general seats secured by each political party in the Provincial Assembly: > **Provided** that for the purpose of this sub-clause the total number of general seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned candidate or candidates who may duly join such political party within three days of the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates. | | --- | --- | | | | [^281] ### 107. Duration of Provincial Assembly A Provincial Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, continue for a term of five years from the day of its first meeting and shall stand dissolved at the expiration of its term. ### 108. Speaker and Deputy Speaker After a general election, a Provincial Assembly shall, at its first meeting and to the exclusion of any other business, elect from amongst its members a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and, so often as the office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker becomes vacant, the Assembly shall elect another member as Speaker or, as the case may be, Deputy Speaker. ### 109. Summoning and prorogation of Provincial Assembly The Governor may from time to time- **(a)** summon the Provincial Assembly to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit; and **(b)** prorogue the Provincial Assembly. ### 110. Right of Governor to address Provincial Assembly The Governor may address the Provincial Assembly and may for that purpose require the attendance of the members. ### 111. Right to speak in Provincial Assembly The Advocate-General [^299][and an Adviser appointed under clause (11) of Article 130][^299]shall have the right to speak and otherwise take part in the proceedings of the Provincial Assembly or any committee thereof of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this Article be entitled to vote. [^300] ### 112. Dissolution of Provincial Assembly: **(1)** The Governor shall dissolve the Provincial Assembly if so advised by the Chief Minister; and the Provincial Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, stand dissolved at the expiration of forty-eight hours after the Chief Minister has so advised. > **Explanation:**Reference in this Article to 'Chief Minister' shall not be construed to include reference to a Chief Minister against whom a notice of a resolution for a vote of no-confidence has been given in the Provincial Assembly but has not been voted upon or against whom a resolution for a vote of no-confidence has been passed. **(2)** The Governor may also dissolve the Provincial Assembly in his discretion, but subject to previous approval by the President, where a vote of no-confidence having been passed against the Chief Minister, no other member of the Provincial Assembly commands the confidence of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, as ascertained in a session of the Provincial Assembly summoned for the purpose. [^300] [^307] ### 113. Qualifications and disqualifications for membership of Provincial Assembly The qualifications and disqualifications for membership of the National Assembly set out in Articles 62 and 63 shall also apply for membership of a Provincial Assembly as if reference therein to "National Assembly" were a reference to "Provincial Assembly". [^307] ### 114. Restriction on discussion in Provincial Assembly No discussion shall take place in a Provincial Assembly with respect to the conduct of any Judge of [^308][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^308] the Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of his duties. ### 115. Provincial Government's consent required for financial measures **(1)** A Money Bill, or a Bill or amendment which if enacted and brought into operation would involve expenditure from the Provincial Consolidated Fund or withdrawal from the Public Account of the Province shall not be introduced or moved in the Provincial Assembly except by or with the consent of the Provincial Government. **(2)** For the purpose of this Article, a Bill or amendment shall be deemed to be a Money Bill if it contains provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters, namely: **(a)** the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax; **(b)** the borrowing of money, or the giving of any guarantee, by the Provincial Government or the amendment of the law relating to the financial obligations of that Government; **(c)** the custody of the Provincial Consolidated Fund, the payment of moneys into, or issue of moneys from, that Fund; **(d)** the imposition of a charge upon the Provincial Consolidated Fund, or the abolition or alteration of any such charge; **(e)** the receipt of moneys on account of the Public Account of the Province, the custody or issue of such moneys; and **(f)** any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in the preceding paragraphs. **(3)** A Bill shall not be deemed to be a Money Bill by reason only that it provides- **(a)** for the imposition or alteration of any fine or other pecuniary penalty or for the demand or payment of a licence fee or a fee or charge for any service rendered; or **(b)** for the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax by any local authority or body for local purposes. **(4)** If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly thereon shall be final. **(5)** Every Money Bill presented to the Governor for assent shall bear a certificate under the hand of the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly that it is a Money Bill and such certificate shall be conclusive for all purposes and shall not be called in question. [^309] ### 116. Governor's assent to Bills **(1)** When a Bill has been passed by the Provincial Assembly, it shall be presented to the Governor for assent. **(2)** When a Bill is presented to the Governor for assent, the Governor shall, within [^310][ten][^310] days, **(a)** assent to the Bill; or **(b)** in the case of a Bill other than a Money Bill, return the Bill to the Provincial Assembly with a message requesting that the Bill, or any specified provision thereof, be reconsidered and that any amendment specified in the message be considered. [^312][ **(3)** When the Governor has returned a Bill to the Provincial Assembly it shall be reconsidered by the Provincial Assembly and, if it is again passed, with or without amendment, by the Provincial Assembly, by the votes of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly present and voting, it shall be again presented to the Governor and the Governor shall [^313][give his assent within ten days, failing with such assent shall be deemed to have been given][^313]. ][^312] **(4)** When the Governor has assented [^314][or is deemed to have assented][^314]to a Bill, it shall become law and be called an Act of Provincial Assembly. **(5)** No Act of a Provincial Assembly, and no provision in any such Act, shall be invalid by reason only that some recommendation, previous sanction or consent required by the Constitution was not given if that Act was assented to accordance with the Constitution. [^309] ### 117. Bill not to lapse on prorogation, etc **(1)** A Bill pending in a Provincial Assembly shall not lapse by reason of the prorogation of the Assembly. **(2)** A Bill pending in a Provincial Assembly shall lapse on the dissolution of the Assembly. ### 118. Provincial Consolidated Fund and Public Account **(1)** All revenues received by the Provincial Government, all loans raised by that Government, and all moneys received by it in repayment of any loan, shall form part of a consolidated fund, to be known as the Provincial Consolidated Fund. **(2)** All other moneys **(a)** received by or on behalf of the Provincial Government; or **(b)** received by or deposited with the High Court or any other court established under the authority of the Province; shall be credited to the Public Account of the Province. ### 119. Custody, etc., of Provincial Consolidated Fund and Public Account The custody of the Provincial Consolidated Fund, the payment of moneys into that Fund, the withdrawal of moneys therefrom, the custody of other moneys received by or on behalf of the Provincial Government, their payment into, and withdrawal from, the Public Account of the Province, and all matters connected with or ancillary to the matters aforesaid, shall be regulated by Act of the Provincial Assembly or, until provision in that behalf is so made, by rules made by the Governor. ### 120. Annual Budget Statement **(1)** The Provincial Government shall, in respect of every financial year, cause to be laid before the Provincial Assembly a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Provincial Government for that year, in this Chapter referred to as the Annual Budget Statement. **(2)** The Annual Budget Statement shall show separately :- **(a)** the sums required to meet expenditure described by the Constitution as expenditure charged upon the Provincial Consolidated Fund; and **(b)** the sums required to meet other expenditure proposed to be made from the Provincial Consolidated Fund; and shall distinguish expenditure on revenue account from other expenditure. ### 121. Expenditure charged upon Provincial Consolidated Fund The following expenditure shall be expenditure charged upon the Provincial Consolidated Fund: **(a)** the remuneration payable to the Governor and other expenditure relating to his office, and the remuneration payable to :- **(i)** the Judges of the High Court; and **(ii)** the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Provincial Assembly; **(b)** the administrative expenses, including the remuneration payable to officers and servants, of the High Court and the Secretariat of the Provincial Assembly; **(c)** all debt charges for which the Provincial Government is liable, including interest, sinking fund charges, the repayment or amortisation of capital, and other expenditure in connection with the raising of loans, and the service and redemption of debt on the security of the Provincial Consolidation Fund; **(d)** any sums required to satisfy any judgment, decree or award against the Province by any Court or tribunal; and **(e)** any other sums declared by the Constitution or by Act of the Provincial Assembly to be so charged. ### 122. Procedure relating to Annual Budget Statement **(1)** So much of the Annual Budget Statement as relates to expenditure charged upon the Provincial Consolidated Fund may be discussed in, but shall not be submitted to the vote of, the Provincial Assembly. **(2)** So much of the Annual Budget Statement as relates to other expenditure shall be submitted to the Provincial Assembly in the form of demands for grants, and that Assembly shall have power to assent to, or to refuse to assent to, any demand, or to assent to any demand subject to a reduction of the amount specified therein: [^315][][^315] **(3)** No demand for a grant shall be made except on the recommendation of the Provincial Government. ### 123. Authentication of schedule of authorised expenditure **(1)** The Chief Minister shall authenticate by his signature a schedule specifying :- **(a)** the grants made or deemed to have been made by the Provincial Assembly under Article 122 and **(b)** the several sums required to meet the expenditure charged upon the Provincial Consolidated Fund but not exceeding, in the case of any sum, the sum shown in the statement previously laid before the Assembly. **(2)** The schedule so authenticated shall be laid before the Provincial Assembly, but shall not be open to discussion or vote thereon. **(3)** Subject to the Constitution, no expenditure from the Provincial Consolidated Fund shall be deemed to be duly authorized unless it is specified in the schedule so authenticated and such schedule is laid before the Provincial Assembly as required by clause (2). ### 124. Supplementary and excess grant If in respect of any financial year it is found **(a)** that the amount authorized to be expended for a particular service for the current financial year is insufficient, or that a need has arisen for expenditure upon some new service not included in the Annual Budget Statement for that year; or **(b)** that any money has been spent on any service during a financial year in excess of the amount granted for that service for that year; the Provincial Government shall have power to authorize expenditure from the Provincial Consolidated Fund, whether the expenditure is charged by the Constitution upon that Fund or not, and shall cause to be laid before the Provincial Assembly a Supplementary Budget Statement or, as the case may be, an Excess Budget Statement, setting out the amount of that expenditure, and the provisions of Article 120 to 123 shall apply to those statements as they apply to the Annual Budget Statement. ### 125. Votes of account Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions relating to financial matters, the Provincial Assembly shall have power to make any grant in advance in respect of the estimated expenditure for a part of any financial year, not exceeding three months, pending completion of the procedure prescribed in Article 122 for the voting of such grant and the authentication of the schedule of expenditure in accordance with the provisions of Article 123 in relation to the expenditure. ### 126. Power to authorise expenditure when Assembly stands dissolved Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions relating to financial matters, at any time when the Provincial Assembly stands dissolved, the Provincial Government may authorize expenditure from the Provincial Consolidated Fund in respect of the estimated expenditure for a period not exceeding four months in any financial year, pending completion of the procedure prescribed in Article 122 for the voting of grants and the authentication of the schedule of authorized expenditure in accordance with the provisions of Article 123 in relation to the expenditure. ### 127. Provisions relating to National Assembly, etc., to apply to Provincial Assembly, etc Subject to the Constitution, the provisions of clauses (2) to (8) of Article 53, clauses (2) and (3) of Article 54, Article 55, Articles 63 to 67, Article 69, Article 77, Article 87 and Article 88 shall apply to and in relation to a Provincial Assembly or a committee or members thereof or the Provincial Government, but so that **(a)** any reference in those provisions to [^316][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^316], a House or the National Assembly shall be read as a reference to the Provincial Assembly; **(b)** any reference in those provisions to the President shall be read as a reference to the Governor of the Province; **(c)** any reference in those provisions to the Federal Government shall be, read as a reference to the Provincial Government; **(d)** any reference in those provisions to the Prime Minister shall be read as a reference to the Chief Minister; **(e)** any reference in those provisions to a Federal Minister shall be read as a reference to a Provincial Minister; [^317][][^317] **(f)** any reference in those provisions to the National Assembly of Pakistan shall be read as a reference to the Provincial Assembly in existence immediately before the commencing day[^318][; and][^318] [^319][ **(g)** the said clause (2) of Article 54 shall have effect as if, in the proviso thereto, for the words "one hundred and thirty" the word "[^320][one hundred][^320]" were substituted. ][^319] ### 128. Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances **(1)** The Governor may, except when the Provincial Assembly is in session, if satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary to take immediate action, make and promulgate an Ordinance as the circumstances may require. **(2)** An Ordinance promulgated under this Article shall have the same force and effect as an Act of the Provincial Assembly and shall be subject to like restrictions as the power of the Provincial Assembly to make laws, but every such Ordinance: **(a)** shall be laid before the Provincial Assembly and shall stand repealed at the expiration of [^321][ninety days][^321] from its promulgation or, if before the expiration of that period a resolution disapproving it is passed by the Assembly, upon the passing of that resolution[^322][:][^322] > [^323][**Provided** that the Provincial Assembly may by a resolution extend the Ordinance for a further period of one hundred and twenty days and it shall stand repealed at the expiration of the extended period, or if before the expiration of that period a resolution disapproving it is passed by the Assembly, upon the passing of that resolution: > **Provided** further that extension for further period may be made only once.][^323] **(b)** may be withdrawn at any time by the Governor. **(3)** Without prejudice to the provisions of clause (2), an Ordinance laid before the Provincial Assembly shall be deemed to be a Bill introduced in the Provincial Assembly. ## Chapter 3 The Provincial Governments [^324] [^325] ### 129. The Provincial Government: **(1)** Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the Province shall be exercised in the name of the Governor by the Provincial Government, consisting of the Chief Minister and Provincial Ministers, which shall act through the Chief Minister. **(2)** In the performance of his functions under the Constitution, the Chief Minister may act either directly or through the Provincial Ministers. [^325] [^326] ### 130. The Cabinet: **(1)** There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Chief Minister at its head, to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions. **(2)** The Provincial Assembly shall meet on the twenty-first day following the day on which a general election to the Assembly is held, unless sooner summoned by the Governor. **(3)** After the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, the Provincial Assembly shall, to the exclusion of any other business, proceed to elect without debate one of its members to be the Chief Minister. **(4)** The Chief Minister shall be elected by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the Provincial Assembly: > **Provided** that, if no member secures such majority in the first poll, a second poll shall be held between the members who secure the two highest numbers of votes in the first poll and the member who secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting shall be declared to have been elected as Chief Minister: > **Provided** further that, if the number of votes secured by two or more members securing the highest number of votes is equal, further polls shall be held between them until one of them secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting. **(5)** The member elected under clause (4) shall be called upon by the Governor to assume the office of Chief Minister and he shall, before entering upon the office, make before the President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule: > **Provided** that there shall be no restriction on the number of terms for the office of the Chief Minister. **(6)** The Cabinet shall be collectively responsible to the Provincial Assembly and the total strength of the Cabinet shall not exceed [^327][seventeen][^327] members or [^328][thirteen][^328] percent of the total membership of a Provincial Assembly, whichever is higher[^329][.][^329][^330][][^330] **(7)** The Chief Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor, but the Governor shall not exercise his powers under this clause unless he is satisfied that the Chief Minister does not command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly, in which case he shall summon the Provincial Assembly and require the Chief Minister to obtain a vote of confidence from the Assembly. **(8)** The Chief Minister may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Governor, resign his office. **(9)** A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the Provincial Assembly shall, at the expiration of that period, cease to be a Minister and shall not before the dissolution of that Assembly be again appointed a Minister unless he is elected a member of that Assembly. **(10)** Nothing in this Article shall be construed as disqualifying the Chief Minister or any other Minister for continuing in office during any period during which the Provincial Assembly stands dissolved, or as preventing the appointment of any person as Chief Minister or other Minister during any such period. **(11)** The Chief Minister shall not appoint more than [^331][seven][^331] Advisers. [^326] [^335] ### 131. Governor to be kept informed: The Chief Minister shall keep the Governor informed on matters relating to Provincial administration and on all legislative proposals the Provincial Government intends to bring before the Provincial Assembly. [^335] [^324] ### 132. Provincial Minister **(1)** Subject to clauses [^336][(9) and (10)][^336] of Article 130, the Governor shall appoint Provincial Ministers from amongst members of the Provincial Assembly on the advice of the Chief Minister. **(2)** Before entering upon office, a Provincial Minister shall make before the Governor oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. **(3)** A Provincial Minister may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Governor, resign his office or may be removed from office by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. ### 133. Chief Minister continuing in office The Governor may ask the Chief Minister to continue to hold office until his successor enters upon the office of Chief Minister. [^337] [^337] [^338] [^338] [^339] ### 136. Vote of no-confidence against Chief Minister **(1)** A resolution for a vote of no-confidence moved by not less than twenty per centum of the total membership of the Provincial Assembly may be passed against the Chief Minister by the Provincial Assembly. **(2)** A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be voted upon before the expiration of three days, or later than seven days, from the day on which such resolution is moved in the Provincial Assembly. **(3)** If the resolution referred to in clause (1) is passed by a majority of the total membership of the Provincial Assembly, the Chief Minister shall cease to hold office. [^339] ### 137. Extent of executive authority of Province Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the Province shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Provincial Assembly has power to make laws: > **Provided** that, in any matter with respect to which both [^340][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^340] and the Provincial Assembly of a Province have power to make laws, the executive authority of the Province shall be subject to, and limited by, the executive authority expressly conferred by the Constitution or by law made by [^341][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^341] upon the Federal Government or authorities thereof. ### 138. Conferring of functions on subordinate authorities On the recommendation of the Provincial Government, the Provincial Assembly may by law confer functions upon officers or authorities subordinate to the Provincial Government. [^342] ### 139. Conduct of business of Provincial Government **(1)** All executive actions of the Provincial Government shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the Governor. **(2)** The [^343][Provincial Government][^343] shall by rules specify the manner in which orders and other instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated, and the validity of any order or instrument so authenticated shall not be questioned in any court on the ground that it was not made or executed by the Governor. [^344][ **(3)** The Provincial Government shall also make rules for the allocation and transaction of its business. ][^344] [^342] ### 140. Advocate-General for a Province **(1)** The Governor of each Province shall appoint a person, being a person qualified to be appointed a Judge of the High Court, to be the Advocate-General for the Province. **(2)** It shall be the duty of the Advocate-General to give advice to the Provincial Government upon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal character, as may be referred or assigned to him by the Provincial government. **(3)** The Advocate-General shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor [^345][and shall not engage in private practice so long as he holds the office of the Advocate-General.][^345] **(4)** The Advocate-General may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Governor, resign his office. [^346] ### 140A. Local Government: **(1)** Each Province shall, by law, establish a local government system and devolve political, administrative and financial responsibility and authority to the elected representatitves of the local governments. **(2)** Elections to the local governments shall be held by the Election Commission of Pakistan. [^346] ## Part V Relations between Federation and Provinces ## Chapter 1 Distribution of Legislative Powers ### 141. Extent of Federal and Provincial laws Subject to the Constitution, [^348][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^348] may make laws (including laws having extra-territorial operation) for the whole or any part of Pakistan, and a Provincial Assembly may make laws for the Province or any part thereof. ### 142. Subject-matter of Federal and Provincial laws Subject to the Constitution- **(a)** [^349][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^349] shall have exclusive power to make laws with respect to any matter in the Federal Legislative List; [^350][ **(b)** Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and a Provincial Assembly shall have power to make laws with respect to criminal law, criminal procedure and evidence. ][^350][^352][ **(c)** Subject to paragraph (b), a Provincial Assembly shall, and Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall not, have power to make laws with respect to any mattter not enumerated in the Federal Legislative List. ][^352][^354][ **(d)** Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall have exclusive power to make laws with respect to all matters pertaining to such areas in the Federation as are not included in any Province. ][^354] [^356] ### 143. Inconsistency between Federal and Provincial Law: If any provision of an Act of a Provincial Assembly is repugnant to any provision of an Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) which Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) is competent to enact, then the Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), whether passed before or after the Act of the Provincial Assembly, shall prevail and the Act of the Provincial Assembly shall, to the extent of the repugnancy, be void. [^356] ### 144. Power of [^360][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^360] to legislate for [^361][one][^361] or more Provinces by consent **(1)** If [^362][one][^362] or more Provincial Assemblies pass resolutions to the effect that [^363][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^363] may by law regulate any matter not enumerated [^364][the Federal Legislative List][^364] in the Fourth Schedule, it shall be lawful for [^365][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^365] to pass an Act for regulating that matter accordingly, but any act so passed may, as respects any Province to which it applies, be amended or repealed by Act of the Assembly of that Province. [^366][][^366] ## Chapter 2 Administrative Relations between the Federation and Provinces ### 145. Power of President to direct Governor to discharge certain functions as his Agent **(1)** The President may direct the Governor of any Province to discharge as his Agent, either generally or in any particular matter, such functions relating to such areas in the Federation which are not included in any Province as may be specified in the direction. **(2)** The provisions of Article 105 shall not apply to the discharge by the Governor of his functions under clause (1). ### 146. Power of Federation to confer powers, etc., on Provinces, in certain cases **(1)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the Federal Government may, with the consent of the Government of a Province, entrust either conditionally or unconditionally to that Government, or to its officers, functions in relation to any matter to which the executive authority of the Federation extends. **(2)** An Act of [^368][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^368] may, notwithstanding that it relates to a matter with respect to which a Provincial Assembly has no power to make laws, confer powers and impose duties upon a province or officers and authorities thereof. **(3)** Where by virtue of this Article powers and duties have been conferred or imposed upon a Province or officers or authorities thereof, there shall be paid by the Federation to the Province such sum as may be agreed or, in default of agreement, as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of [^369][Federal Constitutional Court][^369], in respect of any extra costs of administration incurred by the Province in connection with the exercise of those powers or the discharge of those duties. ### 147. Power of the Provinces to entrust functions to the Federation Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the Government of a Province may, with the consent of the Federal Government, entrust, either conditionally or unconditionally, to the Federal Government, or to its officers, functions in relation to any matter to which the executive authority of the Province extends [^370][:][^370] > [^371][**Provided** that the Provincial Government shall get the functions so entrusted ratified by the Provincial Assembly within sixty days. ][^371] ### 148. Obligation of Provinces and Federation **(1)** The executive authority of every Province shall be so exercised as to secure compliance with Federal laws which apply in that Province. **(2)** Without prejudice to any other provision of this Chapter, in the exercise of the executive authority of the Federation in any Province regard shall be had to the interests of that Province. **(3)** It shall be the duty of the Federation to protect every Province against external aggression and internal disturbances and to ensure that the Government of every Province is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. ### 149. Directions to Provinces in certain cases **(1)** The executive authority of every Province shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive authority of the Federation, and the executive authority of the Federation shall extend to the giving of such directions to a Province as may appear to the Federal Government to be necessary for that purpose. [^372][][^372] **(3)** The executive authority of the Federation shall also extend to the giving of directions to a Province as to the construction and maintenance of means of communication declared in the direction to be of national or strategic importance. **(4)** The executive authority of the Federation shall also extend to the giving of directions to a Province as to the manner in which the executive authority thereof is to be exercised for the purpose of preventing any grave menace to the peace or tranquility or economic life of Pakistan or any part thereof. ### 150. Full faith and credit for public acts, etc Full faith and credit shall be given throughout Pakistan to public acts and records, and judicial proceedings of every Province. ### 151. Inter-Provincial trade **(1)** Subject to clause (2), trade, commerce and intercourse throughout Pakistan shall be free. **(2)** [^373][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^373] may by law impose such restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce or intercourse between one Province and another or within any part of Pakistan as may be required in the public interest. **(3)** A Provincial Assembly or a Provincial Government shall not have power to- **(a)** make any law, or take any executive action, prohibiting or restricting the entry into, or the export from, the Province of goods of any class or description, or **(b)** impose a tax which, as between goods manufactured or produced in the Province and similar goods not so manufactured or produced, discriminates in favour of the former goods or which, in the case of goods manufactured or produced outside the Province discriminates between goods manufactured or produced in any area in Pakistan and similar goods manufactured or produced in any other area in Pakistan. **(4)** An Act of a Provincial Assembly which imposes any reasonable restriction in the interest of public health, public order or morality, or for the purpose of protecting animals or plants from disease or preventing or alleviating any serious shortage in the Province of an essential commodity shall not, if it was made with the consent of the President, be invalid. ### 152. Acquisition of land for Federal purposes The Federation may, if it deems necessary to acquire any land situate in a Province for any purpose connected with a matter with respect to which [^374][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^374] has power to make laws, require the Province to acquire the land on behalf, and at the expense, of the Federation or, if the land belongs to the Province, to transfer it to the Federation on such terms as may be agreed or, in default of agreement, as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of [^375][Federal Constitutional Court][^375]. ## Chapter 3 Special Provisions [^376] [^376] [^379] [^379] ### 153. Council of Common Interests **(1)** There shall be a Council of Common Interests, in this Chapter referred to as the Council, to be appointed by the President. [^381][ **(2)** The Council shall consist of- **(a)** the Prime Minister who shall be the Chairman of the Council; **(b)** the Chief Ministers of the Provinces; **(c)** three members from the Federal Government to be nominated by the Prime Minister from time to time. ][^381][^382][][^382] **(4)** The Council shall be responsible to [^383][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) ][^383][^384][and shall submit an Annual Report to both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^384]. ### 154. Functions and rules of procedure [^385][ **(1)** The Council shall formulate and regulate policies in relation to matters in Part II of the Federal Legislative List and shall exercise supervision and control over related institutions. ][^385][^386][ **(2)** The Council shall be constituted within thirty days of the Prime Minister taking oath of office. **(3)** The Council shall have a permanent Secretariat and shall meet at least once in ninety days: > **Provided** that the Prime Minister may convene a meeting on the request of a Province on an urgent matter. ][^386] [^387][(4)][^387] The decisions of the Council shall be expressed in terms of the opinion of the majority. [^388][(5)][^388] Until [^389][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^389] makes provision by law in this behalf, the Council may make its rules of procedure. [^390][(6)][^390] [^391][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^391] in joint sitting may from time to time by resolution issue directions through the Federal Government to the Council generally or in a particular matter to take action as [^392][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^392] may deem just and proper and such directions shall be binding on the Council. [^393][(7)][^393] If the Federal Government or a Provincial Government is dissatisfied with a decision of the council, it may refer the matter to [^394][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^394] in a joint sitting whose decision in this behalf shall be final. ### 155. Complaints as to interference with water supplies **(1)** If the interests of a Province, the Federal Capital [^395][][^395], or any of the inhabitants thereof, in water from any natural source of supply [^396][or reservoir][^396] have been or are likely to be affected prejudicially by- **(a)** any executive act or legislation taken or passed or proposed to be taken or passed, or **(b)** the failure of any authority to exercise any of its powers with respect to the use and distribution or control of water from that source, the Federal Government or the Provincial Government concerned may make a complaint in writing to the Council. **(2)** Upon receiving such complaint, the Council shall, after having considered the matter, either give its decision or request the President to appoint a commission consisting of such persons having special knowledge and experience in irrigation, engineering, administration, finance or law as he may think fit, hereinafter referred to as the Commission. **(3)** Until [^397][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^397] makes provision by law in this behalf, the provisions of the Pakistan Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1956, as in force immediately before the commencing day shall apply to the Council or the Commission as if the Council or the Commission were a commission appointed under that Act to which all the provisions of section 5 thereof applied and upon which the power contemplated by section 10A thereof had been conferred. **(4)** After considering the report and supplementary report, if any, of the Commission, the Council shall record its decision on all matters referred to the Commission. **(5)** Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, but subject to the provisions of clause (5) of Article 154, it shall be the duty of the Federal Government and the Provincial Government concerned in the matter in issue to give effect to the decision of the Council faithfully according to its terms and tenor. **(6)** No proceeding shall lie before any court at the instance of any party to a matter which is or has been in issue before the Council. or of any person whatsoever, in respect of a matter which is actually or has been or might or ought to have been a proper subject of complaint to the Council under this Article. [^398] ### 156. National Economic Council **(1)** The President shall constituted a National Economic Council which shall consist of- **(a)** the Prime Minister, who shall be the Chairman of the Council; **(b)** the Chief Ministers and one member from each Province to be nominated by the Chief Minister; and **(c)** four other members as the Prime Minister may nominate from time to time. **(2)** The National Economic Council shall review the overall condition of the country and shall, for advising the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments, forumulate plans in respect of financial, commercial, social and economic policies; and in formulating such plans it shall, amongst other factors, ensure balanced development and regional equity and shall also be guided by the Principles of Policty set out in Chapter 2 of Part-II. **(3)** The meetings of the Council shall be summoned by the Chairman or on a requisition made by one-half of the members of the Council. **(4)** The Coucil shall meet at least twice in a year and the quorum for a meeting of the Council shall be one-half of its total membership. **(5)** The Council shall be responsible to the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and shall submit an Annual Report to each House of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament). [^398] ### 157. Electricity **(1)** The Federal Government may in any Province construct or cause to be constructed hydro-electric or thermal power installations or grid stations for the generation of electricity and lay or cause to be laid inter-Provincial transmission lines [^399][:][^399] > [^400][**Provided** that the Federal Government shall, prior to taking a decision to construct or cause to be constructed, hydro-electric power stations in any Province, shall consult the Provincial Government concerned. ][^400] **(2)** The Government of a Province may- **(a)** to the extent electricity is supplied to that Province from the national grid, require supply to be made in bulk for transmission and distribution within the Province: **(b)** levy tax on consumption of electricity within the Province; **(c)** construct power houses and grid stations and lay transmission lines for use within the Province; and **(d)** determine the tariff for distribution of electricity within the Province. [^401][ **(3)** In case of any dispute between the Federal Government and a Provincial Government in respect of any matter under this Article, any of the said Governments may move the Council of Common Interests for resolution of the dispute. ][^401] ### 158. Priority of requirements of natural gas The Province in which a well-head of natural gas is situated shall have precedence over other parts of Pakistan in meeting the requirements from the well-head, subject to the commitments and obligations as on the commencing day. ### 159. Broadcasting and telecasting **(1)** The Federal Government shall not unreasonably refuse to entrust to a Provincial Government such functions with respect to broadcasting and telecasting as may be necessary to enable that Government- **(a)** to construct and use transmitters in the Province; and **(b)** to regulate and impose fees in respect of, the construction and use of transmitters and the use of receiving apparatus in the Province: > **Provided** that nothing in this clause shall be construed as requiring the Federal Government to entrust to any Provincial Government any control over the use of transmitters constructed or maintained by the Federal Government or by persons authorised by the Federal Government, or over the use of receiving apparatus by person so authorised. **(2)** Any functions so entrusted to a Provincial Government shall be exercised subject to such conditions as may be imposed by the Federal Government, including, notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, any conditions with respect to finance, but it shall not be lawful for the Federal Government so to impose any conditions regulating the matter broadcast or telecast by, or by authority of, the Provincial Government. **(3)** Any Federal law with respect to broadcasting and telecasting shall be such as to secure that effect can be given to the foregoing provisions of this Article. **(4)** If any question arises whether any conditions imposed on any Provincial Government are lawfully imposed, or whether any refusal by the Federal Government to entrust functions is unreasonable, the question shall be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of [^402][Federal Constitutional Court][^402]. **(5)** Nothing in this article shall be construed as restricting the powers of the Federal Government under the Constitution for the prevention of any grave menace to the peace or tranquility of Pakistan or any part thereof. ## Part VI Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits ## Chapter 1 Finance ### 160. National Finance Commission **(1)** Within six months of the commencing day and thereafter at intervals not exceeding five years, the President shall [^403] constitute a National Finance Commission consisting of the Minister of Finance of the Federal Government, the Ministers of Finance of the Provincial Governments, and such other persons as may be appointed by the President after consultation with the Governors of the Provinces. **(2)** It shall be the duty of the National Finance Commission to make recommendations to the President as to- **(a)** the distribution between the.Federation and the Provinces of the net proceeds of the taxes mentioned in clause (3); **(b)** the making of grants-in-aid by the Federal Government to the Provincial Governments; **(c)** the exercise by the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments of the borrowing powers conferred by the Constitution; and **(d)** any other matter relating to finance referred to the Commission by the President. **(3)** The taxes referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (2) are the following taxes raised under the authority of [^404][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^404], namely: - **(i)** taxes on income, including corporation tax, but not including taxes on income consisting of remuneration paid out of the Federal Consolidated Fund; [^405][ **(ii)** taxes on the sales and purchases of goods imported, exported, produced, manufactured or consumed; ][^405] **(iii)** export duties on cotton, and such other export duties as may be specified by the President; **(iv)** such duties of excise as may be specified by the President; and **(v)** such other taxes as may be specified by the President. [^406][ **(3A)** The share of the Provinces in each Award of National Finance Commission shall not be less than the share given to the Provinces in the previous Award. **(3B)** The Federal Finance Minister and Provincial Finance Ministers shall monitor the implementation of the Award biannaully and lay their reports before both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and Provincial Assemblies. ][^406] **(4)** As soon as may be after receiving the recommendation, of the National Finance Commission, the President shall, by [^407] Order, specify, in accordance with the recommendations of the Commission under paragraph (a) of clause (2), the share of the net proceeds of the taxes mentioned in clause (3) which is to be allocated to each Province, and that share shall be paid to the Government of the Province concerned, and, notwithstanding the provision of Article 78 shall not form part of the Federal Consolidated Fund. **(5)** The recommendations of the National Finance Commission, together with an explanatory memorandum as to the action taken thereon, shall be laid before both Houses and the Provincial Assemblies. **(6)** At any time before an Order under clause (4) is made, the President may, by Order, make such amendments or modifications in the law relating to the distribution of revenues between the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments as he may deem necessary or expedient. **(7)** The President may, by Order, make grants-in-aid of the revenues of the Provinces in need of assistance and such grants shall be charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund. ### 161. Natural gas and hydro-electric power [^408][ **(1)** Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 78,- **(a)** the net proceeds of the Federal duty of excise on natural gas levied at well-head and collected by the Federal Government and of the royalty collected by the Federal Government, shall not form part of the Federal Consolidated Fund and shall be paid to the Province in which the well-head of natural gas is situated; **(b)** the net proceeds of the Federal duty of excise on oil levied at well-head and collected by the Federal Government, shall not form part of the Federal Consolidated Fund and shall be paid to the Province in which the well-head of oil is situated. ][^408] **(2)** The net profits earned by the Federal Government, or any undertaking established or administered by the Federal Government from the bulk generation of power at a hydro-electric station shall be paid to the Province in which the hydro-electric station is situated.Explanation -For the purposes of this clause "net profits" shall be computed by deducting from the revenues accruing from the bulk supply of power from the bus-bars of a hydro-electric station at a rate to be determined by the Council of Common Interests, the operating expenses of the station, which shall include any sums payable as taxes, duties, interest or return on investment, and depreciations and element of obsolescence, and over-heads, and provision for reserves. ### 162. Prior sanction of President to Bills affecting taxation in which Provinces are interested No Bill or amendment which imposes or varies a tax or duty the whole or part of the net proceeds whereof is assigned to any Province, or which varies the meaning of the expression "agricultural income" as defined for the purpose of the enactments relating to income-tax, or which affects the principles on which under any of the foregoing provisions of this Chapter moneys are or may be distributable to Provinces, shall be introduced or moved in the National Assembly except with the previous sanction of the President. ### 163. Provincial taxes in respect of professions, etc A Provincial Assembly may by Act impose taxes, not exceeding such limits as may from time to time be fixed by Act of [^409][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^409], on persons engaged in professions, trades, callings or employments, and no such Act of the Assembly shall be regarded as imposing a tax on income. Miscellaneous Financial Provisions ### 164. Grants out of Consolidated Fund The Federation or a Province may make grants for any purpose, notwithstanding that the purpose is not one with respect to which [^410][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^410] or, as the case may be, a Provincial Assembly may make laws. ### 165. Exemption of certain public property from taxation **(1)** The Federal Government shall not, in respect of its property or income, be liable to taxation under any Act of Provincial Assembly and, subject to clause (2), a Provincial Government shall not, in respect of its property or income, be liable to taxation under Act of [^411][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^411] or under Act of the Provincial Assembly of any other Province. **(2)** If a trade or business of any kind is carried on by or on behalf of the Government of a Province outside that Province, that Government may, in respect of any property used in connection with that trade or business or any income arising from that trade or business, be taxed under Act of [^412][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^412] or under Act of the Provincial Assembly of the Province in which that trade or business is carried on. **(3)** Nothing in this Article shall prevent the imposition of fees for services rendered. [^413] ### 165A. Power of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) to impose tax on the income of certain corporations, etc **(1)** [^414][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^414] has, and shall be deemed always to have had, the power to make a law to provide for the levy and recovery of a tax on the income of a corporation, company or other body or institution established by or under a Federal law or a Provincial law or an existing law or a corporation, company or other body or institution owned or controlled, either directly or indirectly, by the Federal Government or a Provincial Government, regardless of the ultimate destination of such income. **(2)** All orders made, proceedings taken and acts done by any authority or person, which were made, taken or done, or purported to have been made, taken or done, before the commencement of the Constitution (Amendment) Order 1985, in exercise of the powers derived from any law referred to in clause (1), or in execution of any orders made by any authority in the exercise or purported exercise of powers as aforesaid, shall, notwithstanding any judgment of any court or tribunal, including [^415][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^415] the Supreme Court and a High Court, be deemed to be and always to have been validly made, taken or done and-shall not be called in question in any court, including the Supreme Court and a High Court, on any ground whatsoever. **(3)** Every judgment or order of any court or tribunal, including [^416][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^416] the Supreme Court and a High Court, which is repugnant to the provisions of clause (1) or clause (2) shall be, and shall be deemed always to have been, void and of no effect whatsoever. [^413] ## Chapter 2 Borrowing and Audit ### 166. Borrowing by Federal Government The executive authority of the Federation extends to borrowing upon the security of the Federal Consolidated Fun d within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by Act of [^417][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^417], and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed. ### 167. Borrowing by Provincial Government **(1)** Subject to the provisions of this Article, the executive authority of a Province extends to borrowing upon the security of the Provincial Consolidated Fund within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by Act of the Provincial Assembly, and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed. **(2)** The Federal Government may, subject to such conditions, if any, as it may think fit to impose, make loans to, or so long as any limits fixed under Article 166 are not exceeded give guarantees in respect of loans raised by, any Province, and any sums required for the purpose of making loans to a Province shall be charged upon the Federal Consolidated Fund. **(3)** A Province may not, without the consent of the Federal Government, raise any loan if there is still outstanding any part of a loan made to the Province by the Federal Government, or in respect of which guarantee has been given by the Federal Government; and consent under this clause may be granted subject to such conditions, if any, as the Federal Government may think fit to impose. [^418][ **(4)** A Province may raise domestic or international loan, or give guarantees on the security of the Provincial Consolidated Fund within such limits and subject to such conditions as may be specified by the National Economic Council. ][^418] ### Audit and Accounts ### 168. Auditor-General of Pakistan **(1)** There shall be an Auditor-General of Pakistan, who shall be appointed by the President. **(2)** Before entering upon office, the Auditor-General shall make before the Chief Justice of Pakistan oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. [^419][ **(3)** The Auditor-General shall, unless he sooner resigns or is removed from office in accordance with clause (5), hold office for a term of four years from the date on which he assumes such office or attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. ][^419][^422][ **(3A)** The other terms and conditions of service of the Auditor-General shall be determined, by Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament); and, until so determined, by Order of the President. ][^422] **(4)** A person who has held office as Auditor-General shall not be eligible for further appointment in the service of Pakistan before the expiration of two years after he has ceased to hold that office. **(5)** The Auditor-General shall not be removed from office except in the like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court. **(6)** At any time when the office of the Auditor-General is vacant or the Auditor-General is absent or is unable to perform the functions of his office due to any cause, [^423][the President may appoint the most senior officer in the Office of the Auditor-General to][^423] act as Auditor-General and perform the functions of that office. ### 169. Functions and powers of Auditor-General The Auditor-General shall, in relation to- **(a)** the accounts of the Federation and of the Provinces; and **(b)** the accounts of any authority or body established by the Federation or a Province, perform such functions and exercise such powers as may be determined by or under Act of' [^424][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^424] and, until so determined, by Order of the President. ### 170. Power of Auditor-General to give directions as to accounts [^425][(1)][^425] The accounts of the Federation and of the Provinces shall be kept in such form and in accordance with such principles and methods as the Auditor-General may, with the approval of the President, prescribe. [^426][ **(2)** The audit of the accounts of the Federal and of the Provincial Governments and the accounts of any authority or body established by, or under the control of, the Federal or a Provincial Government shall be conducted by the Audior-General, who shall determine the extent and nature of such audit. ][^426] ### 171. Reports of Auditor-General The reports of the Auditor-General relating to the accounts of the Federation shall be submitted to the President, who shall cause them to be laid before the [^427][both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^427] and the reports of the Auditor-General relating to the accounts of a Province shall be submitted to the Governor of the Province, who shall cause them to be laid before the Provincial Assembly. ## Chapter 3 Property, Contracts, Liabilities and Suits ### 172. Ownerless property **(1)** Any property which has no rightful owner shall, if located in a Province, vest in the Government of that Province, and in every other case, in the Federal Government. **(2)** All lands, minerals and other things of value within the continental shelf or underlying the ocean [^428][beyond][^428] the territorial waters of Pakistan shall vest in the Federal Government. [^429][ **(3)** Subject to the existing commitments and obligations, mineral oil and natural gas within the Province or the territorial waters adjacent thereto shall vest jointly and equally in that Province and the Federal Government. ][^429] ### 173. Power to acquire property and to make contracts, etc **(1)** The executive authority of the Federation and of a Province shall extend, subject to any Act of the appropriate Legislature, to the grant, sale, disposition or mortgage of any property vested in, and to the purchase or acquisition of property on behalf of, the Federal Government or, as the case may be, the Provincial Government, and to the making of contracts. **(2)** All property acquired for the purposes of the Federation or of a Province shall vest in the Federal Government or, as the case may be, in the Provincial Government. **(3)** All contracts made in the exercise of the executive authority of the Federation or of a Province shall be expressed to be made in the name of the President or, as the case may be, the Governor of the Province, and all such contracts and all assurances of property made in the exercise of that authority shall be executed on behalf of the President or Governor by such persons and in such manner as he may direct or authorize. **(4)** Neither the President, nor the Governor of a Province, shall be personally liable in respect of any contract or assurance made or executed in the exercise of the executive authority of the Federation or, as the case may be, the Province, nor shall any person making or executing any such contract or assurance on behalf of any of them be personally liable in respect thereof. **(5)** Transfer of land by the Federal Government or a Provincial Government shall be regulated by law. ### 174. Suits and proceedings The Federation may sue or be sued by the name of Pakistan and a Province may sue or be sued by the name of the Province. ## Part VII The Judicature ## Chapter 1 The Courts ### 175. Establishment and Jurisdiction of Courts **(1)** There shall be [^430][a Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan, hereinafter referred to as the Federal Constitutional Court][^430]a Supreme Court of Pakistan [^431][hereinafter referred to as the Supreme Court][^431], a High Court for each Province [^432][ and a High Court for the Islamabad Capital Territory ][^432]and such other courts as may be established by law. > [^433][Explanation.- Unless the context otherwise requires, the words "High Court" wherever occurring in the Constitution shall include "Islamabad High Court.][^433] **(2)** No court shall have any jurisdiction save as is or may be conferred on it by the Constitution or by or under any law. **(3)** The Judiciary shall be separated progressively from the Executive within [^435][fourteen][^435] years from the commencing day. > [^436][**Provided** that the provisions of this Article shall have no application to the trial of persons under any ofthe Acts mentioned at Serial No.6 and 7 of sub-part III of Part I of the First Schedule, who claim, or are known to belong to any terrorist group or organization misusing the name of religion or a sect. > > > Explanation.- In this proviso, the expression "sect" means a sect of religion and does not include any reigious or political party regulated under the Political Parties Order, 2002. > > ][^436] [^437][][^437] [^439] ### 175A. Appointment of Judges to [^440][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^440] the Supreme Court, High Courts and the Federal Shariat Court.- **(1)** There shall be a Judicial Commission of Pakistan, hereinafter in this Article referred to as the Commission, for appointment of Judges of [^441][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^441] the Supreme Court, High Courts and the Federal Shariat Court, [^442][and for performance evaluation of Judges of the High Courts][^442]as hereinafter provided. [^443][ **(2)** For appointment of Judges of [^446][the Federal Constitutional Court and][^446] the Supreme Court, the Commission shall consist of- [^447][ **(i)** Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court; **(ii)** Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; **(iii)** **Members** one next most senior Judge each of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court; **(iiia)** **Member** a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court jointly nominated by the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, for a period of two years; ][^447] **(iv)** **Member** Federal Minister for Law and Justice; **(v)** **Member** Attorney-General for Pakistan; **(vi)** **Member** an advocate having not less than fifteen years of practice in the Supreme Court to be nominated by the Pakistan Bar Council for a term of two years; **(vii)** **Members** two members from the Senate and two members from the National Assembly of whom two shall be from the Treasury Benches, one from each House, and two from the Opposition Benches, from each House. The nomination from the Treasury Benches shall be made by the Leader of the House and from the Opposition Benches by the Leader of the Opposition: > **Provided** that during the time when the National Assembly stands dissolved, the remaining two members, for the purpose of this paragraph, shall be nominated from the Senate in the manner as aforesaid, for such period; [^448][ **(viii)** **Member** a woman or non Muslim or a technocrat, other than a member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), who is qualified to be member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), to be appointed by the Speaker of the National Assembly; ][^448] > [^449][Explanation I.- The senior amongst the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall be the Chairperson of the Commission. Their *inter se* seniority shall be determined with reference to their dates of appointment as the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court otherwise than as Acting Chief Justice and in case the dates of such appointment are the same, with reference to their dates of appointment as Judges of the High Courts. > Explanation II.- If a Judge may not be nominated under paragraph (iiia), one nominee each of the respective Chief Justices shall be placed before the Commission which shall, by the majority of its total membership, nominate a Judge under paragraph (iiia) from amongst the nominees. > Explanation III.- If the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court or a Judge mentioned in paragraph (iii) is to be nominated for appointment as a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court, the next most senior Judge, as the case may be, shall act as a member of the Commission in his place. > Explanation IV.- If a Judge appointed under paragraph (ilia) is a Judge of the Supreme Court and is to be nominated for appointment as a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court, another Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court shall be nominated under clause (iiia) or Explanation II, as the case may be, to act as a member of the Commission in his place. ][^449] ][^443][^450][ **(3)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), or clause (2), [^451][the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court][^451] shall be nominated by the Special Parliamentary Committee, in this Article referred to as the Committee, from amongst the three most senior Judges of [^452][the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court, as the case may be][^452]. The Committee shall send the name of the nominee to the Prime Minister who shall forward the same to the President for appointment: [^453][][^453] > [^454][**Provided** that if the nominee under this clause declines to become the Chief Justice, he shall be deemed to have retired and the three next most senior Judges shall be considered and so on till the appointment of the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court or the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, as the case may be: > **Provided** further that notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the President shall, on advice of the Prime Minister, appoint the first Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court from amongst the Judges of the Supreme Court: > **Provided** also and notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the appointment of the first batch of Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court, shall be made by the President, on advice of the Prime Minister in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court: > **Provided** also that the second, third and this proviso shall stand omitted on the appointment of the first Chief Justice and the Judges under the above said provisos.][^454] ][^450][^455][ **(3A)** The Committee shall consist of the following twelve members, namely:- **(i)** eight members from the National Assembly; **(ii)** and four members from the Senate: > **Provided** that when the National Assembly stands dissolved, the total membership of the Committee shall consist of the members from the Senate only mentioned in paragraph (ii) and the provisions of this Article shall, *mutatis mutandis*, apply. **(3B)** The Parliamentary Parties shall have proportional representation on the Committee, based on their strength in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), to be nominated by their respective Parliamenatry Leaders. The Chairman and the Speaker of the National Assembly, as the case may be, shall notify members of the Committee. **(3C)** The Committee, by majority of not less than two-thirds of its total membership, within fourteen days prior to the retirement of the Chief Justice of [^456][the Federal Constitutional Court or the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, as the case may be][^456] shall send the nomination as provided in clause (3)[^457][.][^457][^458][][^458] **(3D)** No action or decision taken by the Commission or the Committee shall be invalid or called in question only on the ground of existence of a vacancy therein or of the absence of any member from any meeting thereof. **(3E)** The meetings of the Committee shall be held in camera and the record of its proceedings shall be maintained. **(3F)** The provisions of Article 68 shall not apply to the proceedings of the Committee. **(3G)** The Committee may make rules for regulating its procedure. ][^455][^459][ **(4)** The Commission [^460][shall][^460] make rules regulating its procedure including the procedure and criteria for [^461][interview,][^461] evaluation and fitness for appointment of Judges. ][^459] **(5)** For appointment of Judges of a High Court, the Commission in clause (2) shall also include the following, namely:- **(i)** **Member** Chief Justice of the High Court to which the appointment is being made; **(ii)** **Member** [^462][Head of Constitutional Benches of that High Court][^462]; **(iii)** **Member** Provincial Minister for Law; and [^463][ **(iv)** **Member** an advocate having not less than fifteen years practice in the High Court to be nominated by the concerned Bar Council for a term of two years[^464][.][^464] ][^463] > [^465][Explanation.- If Head of Constitutional Benches of a High Court is the Chief Justice of that High Court, the Judge who is next in seniority shall become member of the Commission:][^465] > [^466][**Provided** futher that if for any reason the Chief Justice of a High Court is not available, he shall be substituted by a former Chief Justice or former Judge of that Court, to be nominated by the [^468][Commission][^468][^469][.][^469]][^466] **(6)** For appointment of Judges of the Islamabad High Court, the Commission in clause (2) shall also include the following, namely:- **(i)** **Member** Chief Justice of the Islamabad High Court; [^472][][^472] **(ii)** **Member** [^473][Head of Constitutional Benches of that High Court][^473][^474][;][^474] [^475][ **(iii)** **Member** an advocate having not less than fifteen years of practice in the High Court to be nominated by the Islamabad Bar Council for a term of two years; and **(iv)** **Member** a Federal Minister nominated by the Prime Minister: ][^475] > **Provided** that for initial appointment of the [^476][Chief Justice and the][^476] Judges of the Islamabad High Court, the Chief Justices of the four Provincial High Courts shall also be members of the Commission: > **Provided** further that subject to the foregoing proviso, in case of appointment of Chief Justice [^477][and the Judges][^477] of Islamabad High Court, the [^478][Explanation and][^478]provisos to clause (5) shall, *mutatis mutandis*, apply. **(7)** For appointment of Judges of the Federal Shariat Court, the Commission in clause (2) shall also invlude the Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court and the most senior Judge of that Court as its members: > **Provided** that for appointment of Chief Justice of Federal Shariat Court, the provisos to clause (5) shall, *mutatis mutandis*, apply. [^479][ **(8)** The Commission, by majority of its total membership, shall nominate one person for each vacancy of a Judge in the Supreme Court, a High Court or the Federal Shariat Court, as the case may be, to the Prime Minister who shall forward the same to the President for appointment. ][^479][^481][][^481] **(11)** Secretary, [^484][National Assembly][^484] shall act as the Secretary of the Committee. [^485][][^485][^491][ **(18)** The Commission in clause (2) shall conduct an annual performance evaluation of Judges of the High Courts. **(19)** If the performance of a Judge of a High Court is found by the Commission to be inefficient, it shall grant him such period for improvement, as it deems appropriate. If, upon completion of the period so granted, the performance of such Judge is again found to be unsatisfactory, the Commission shall send its report to the Supreme Judicial Council. [^492][ **(20)** The Commission shall make rules for the purposes of clauses (18) and (19) within sixty days of commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025. ][^492] **(21)** For the purposes of this Article and subject to the rules made by the Commission, there shall be a secretariat of the Commission to be headed by a secretary and shall include such other officers and staff, as may be necessary. **(22)** One-third of the members of the Commission may requisition a meeting of the Commission by sending a written request to the Chairperson who shall convene the meeting of the Commission not later than fifteen days from the receipt of such requisition. If the Chairperson fails to convene a meeting within the aforesaid period, the secretary shall convene the meeting within seven days of the expiry of the aforesaid period. **(23)** For each anticipated or actual vacancy of a Judge in [^493][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^493]the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice of Federal Shariat Court, the Chief Justice of a High Court, a Judge in Federal Shariat Court or a Judge in a High Court, any member of the Commission may give nominations in the Commission for appointment against such vacancy. ][^491] [^439] ## Chapter 1A The Federal Constitutional Court[^494] ### 175B. Constitution of Federal Constitutional Court **(1)** The Federal Constitutional Court shall consist of a Chief Justice to be known as the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan hereinafter referred to as the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and as many other Judges as may be determined by Act of Majlis-e- Shoora (Parliament) or, until so determined, as may be fixed by the President: > **Provided** that the Federal Constitutional Court shall have equal number of Judges from each Province and at least one Judge from Islamabad High Court. > Explanantion.- In no case the number of Judges from the Islamabad High Court shall exceed the numbers of Judges from a Province: > > > **Provided** further that nothing contained in the first proviso shall effect the functioning of the Federal Constitutional Court. **(2)** The President may, by Order, make necessary provisions for the matters consequential or ancillary to the establishment and functioning of the Federal Constitutional Court. ### 175C. Appointment of Federal Constitutional Court Judges **(1)** The Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and each of the other Judges thereof shall be appointed by the President in accordance with Article 175A. **(2)** A person shall not be appointed as Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court unless he is a citizen of Pakistan and- **(a)** is or has been a Judge of the Supreme Court; or **(b)** has, for a period of not less than five years, been a Judge of **(c)** a High Court; or has, for a period of not less than twenty years, been an advocate of a High Court and is an advocate of the Supreme Court. **(3)** The *inter se* seniority of Judges appointed under this Article shall be reckoned from the date they enter upon the office and in case that date is same then on the basis of their age: > **Provided** that a Judge of the Supreme Court, who holds the said office on the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, shall retain his inter se seniority among Judges other than the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court. ### 175D. Oath of Office of the Chief Justice and other Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court Before entering upon office, the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court shall make before the President, and any other Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court shall make before the Chief Justice, oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. ### 175E. Original jurisdiction of Federal Constitutional Court **(1)** The Federal Constitutional Court shall, to the exclusion of every other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute between any two or more Governments. > Explanation.- In this clause, "Governments" means the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments. **(2)** In the exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on it by clause (1), the Federal Constitutional Court shall pronounce declaratory judgments only. **(3)** Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 199, the Federal Constitutional Court shall, if it considers that a question of public importance with reference to the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights conferred by Chapter 1 of Part II is involved, have the power to make an order of the nature mentioned in the said Article: > **Provided** that, subject to the satisfaction of the Federal Constitutional Court, the jurisdiction under this clause shall only be exercised if an application is filed by a person in that Court. **(4)** All petitions which fall under this Article and appeals or review applications against judgments rendered or orders passed under this Article, pending or filed before the Supreme Court or its Constitutional Benches, prior to commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, shall forthwith stand transferred to the Federal Constitutional Court and shall only be heard and decided by the Federal Constitutional Court. **(5)** The Federal Constitutional Court may, on its own motion or otherwise, if it considers that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution, call for the record of any case pending before any court and make such order in the case as it thinks fit. ### 175F. Appellate jurisdiction of the Federal Constitutional Court **(1)** The Federal Constitutional Court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals from judgments, decrees, final orders or sentences of a High Court as provided herein below- **(a)** where an Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) so provides; **(b)** if the High Court certifies that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution; or **(c)** from a judgment or an order of a High Court made under Article 199 only if the Federal Constitutional Court grants leave to appeal: > **Provided** that no appeal shall lie against a judgment or an order of a High Court made under Article 199, in a case which relates to rent and family except guardianship and such other matters as may be determined by law. **(2)** All petitions for leave to appeal, appeals or review applications, to which clause (1) apply or any other proceedings falling within the jurisdiction of the Federal Constitutional Court, filed or pending before the Supreme Court prior to commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, stand transferred to the Federal Constitutional Court and shall only be heard and decided by that Court. ### 175G. Review of judgments or orders by the Federal Constitutional Court The Federal Constitutional Court shall have the power, subject to the provisions of any Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and any rules made by the Federal Constitutional Court, to review any judgment pronounced or any order made by it. ### 175H. Advisory jurisdiction **(1)** If, at any time, the President considers that it is desirable to obtain the opinion of the Federal Constitutional Court on any question of law which he considers of public importance, he may refer the question to the Federal Constitutional Court for consideration. **(2)** The Federal Constitutional Court shall consider a question so referred and report its opinion on the question to the President. ### 175I. Retiring Age of the Chief Justice and other Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court A Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty-eight years, unless he sooner resigns or is removed from office in accordance with the Constitution: > **Provided** that the term of office of the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court shall be three years or unless he sooner resigns or he attains the age of sixty-eight years or is removed from his office in accordance with the Constitution, whichever is earlier: > **Provided** further that the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court on completion of his term of three years shall stand retired notwithstanding his age of superannuation. ### 175J. Acting Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court At any time when- **(a)** the office of Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court is vacant; or **(b)** the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court is absent or is unable to perform the functions of his office due to any other cause, the President shall appoint one of the other Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court to act as its Chief Justice. ### 175K. Acting Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court **(1)** At any time when- **(a)** the office of a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court is vacant; or **(b)** a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court is absent or is unable to perform the functions of his office due to any other cause, the President may, in the manner provided in clause (1) of Article 175A, appoint a Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court who is qualified for appointment as a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court to act temporarily as a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court. > Explanation.- In this clause, Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court includes a person who has retired as a Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court. **(2)** An appointment under this Article shall continue in force until it is revoked by the President. ### 175L. Seat of the Federal Constitutional Court **(1)** The permanent seat of the Federal Constitutional Court shall be at Islamabad. **(2)** The Federal Constitutional Court may from time to time sit at such other places as the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court, with the prior approval of the President, may appoint. ## Chapter 2 The Supreme Court of Pakistan ### 176. Constitution of Supreme Court The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice to be known as the Chief Justice [^495][of Supreme Court][^495] of Pakistan and so many other Judges as may be determined by Act of [^496][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^496] or, until so determined, as may be fixed by the President[^497][:][^497] > [^498][**Provided** that and notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the incumbent Chief Justice shall be and continue to be known as the Chief Justice of Pakistan during his term in office.][^498] ### 177. Appointment of Supreme Court Judges [^499][ **(1)** The Chief Justice of [^500][of Supreme Court][^500] and each of the other Judges of the Supreme Court shall be appointment by the President in accordance with Article 175A. ][^499][^501][ **(2)** A person shall not be appointed as Judge of the Supreme Court unless he is a citizen of Pakistan and- **(a)** has for a period of, or for periods aggregating, not less than five years been a Judge of a High Court; or **(b)** has, for a period of not less than fifteen years, been an advocate of a High Court and is an advocate of the Supreme Court. ][^501] ### 178. Oath of Office Before entering upon office, the Chief Justice of [^502][of Supreme Court][^502] shall make before the President, and any other Judge of the Supreme Court shall make before the Chief Justice, oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. [^503] ### 179. Retiring Age A judge of the Supreme Court shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty five years, unless he sooner resigns or is removed from office in accordance with the Constitution[^509][:][^509] > [^510][**Provided** that the term of the Chief Justice of [^511][of Supreme Court][^511] shall be three years or unless he sooner resigns or attains the age of sixty-five years or is removed from his office in accordance with the Constitution, whichever is earlier: > **Provided** further that the Chief Justice of [^512][of Supreme Court][^512], on completion of his term of three years, shall stand retired notwithstanding his age of superannuation.][^510] [^503] ### 180. Acting Chief Justice At any time when- **(a)** the office of Chief Justice of [^513][of Supreme Court][^513] is vacant; or **(b)** the Chief Justice of [^514][of Supreme Court][^514] is absent or is unable to perform the functions of his office due to any other cause, the President shall appoint [^515][[^516][one][^516]of the other Judges of the Supreme Court][^515] to act as Chief Justice of [^517][of Supreme Court][^517]. ### 181. Acting Judges **(1)** At any time when- **(a)** the office of a Judge of the Supreme Court is vacant; or **(b)** a Judge of the Supreme Court is absent or is unable to perform the functions of his office due to any other cause, the President may, in the manner provided in clause (1) of Article 177, appoint a Judge of a High Court who is qualified for appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court to act temporarily as a Judge of the Supreme Court. > [^518][Explanation.-In this clause, 'Judge of a High Court' includes a person who has retired as a Judge of a High Court.][^518] **(2)** An appointment under this Article shall continue in force until it is revoked by the President. ### 182. Appointment of ad-hoc Judges If at any time it is not possible for want of quorum of Judges of the Supreme Court to hold or continue any sitting of the Court, or for any other reason it is necessary to increase temporarily the number of Judges of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice of [^519][of Supreme Court][^519][^520][in consultation with the Judicial Commission as provided in clause (2) of Article 175A,][^520]may, in writing,- **(a)** with the approval of the President, request any person who has held the office of a Judge of that Court and since whose ceasing to hold that office three years have not elapsed; or **(b)** with the approval of the President and with the consent of the Chief justice of a High Court, require a Judge of that Court qualified for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court, to attend sittings of the Supreme Court as an ad hoc Judge for such period as may be necessary and while so attending an ad hoc Judge shall have the same power and jurisdiction as a Judge of the Supreme Court. ### 183. Seat of the Supreme Court **(1)** The permanent seat of the Supreme Court shall, subject to clause (3), be at Islamabad. **(2)** The Supreme Court may from time to time to time sit in such other places as the Chief Justice of [^521][of Supreme Court][^521], with the approval of the President, may appoint. [^522][][^522] [^524] [^524] [^527] ### 185. Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court **(1)** Subject to this Article and Article 175F, the Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals from judgments, decrees, final orders or sentences of a High Court. **(2)** An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree, final order or sentence of a High Court- **(a)** if the High Court has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death or to transportation for life or imprisonment for life; or, on revision, has enhanced a sentence to a sentence as aforesaid; or **(b)** if the High Court has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court subordinate to it and has in such trial convicted the accused person and sentenced him as aforesaid; or **(c)** if the High Court has imposed any punishment on any person for contempt of the High Court or **(d)** if the amount or value of the subject-matter of the dispute in the court of first instance was, and also rn dispute in appeal is, not less than one million rupees or such other sum as may be specified in that behalf by Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and the judgment, decree or final order appealed from has varied or set aside the judgment, decree or final order of the court or tribunal immediately below; or **(e)** if the judgment, decree or final order involves directly or indirectly some claim or question respecting property of the like amount or value and the judgment, decree or final order appealed from has varied or set aside the judgment, decree or final order of the court or tribunal immediately below. **(3)** An appeal to the Supreme Court, from a judgment, decree, order or sentence of a High Court in case to which clause (2) does not apply shall lie only if the Supreme Court grants leave to appeal: > **Provided** that no appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court in cases to which clause (1) of Article 175F applies. [^527] [^530] [^530] [^531] [^531] ### 187. Issue and Execution of Processes of [^534][Federal Constitutional Court and][^534]Supreme Court **(1)** [^535][Subject to clause(2) of Article 175,[^536][the Federal Constitutional Court and][^536] the][^535] Supreme Court shall have power to issue such directions, orders or decrees as may be necessary for doing complete justice in any case or matter pending before it, including an order for the purpose of securing the attendance of any person or the discovery or production of any document[^537][:][^537] > [^538][**Provided** that no order under this clause shall be passed otherwise than in pursuance of any jurisdiction vested in and exercised by [^539][the Federal Constitutional Court and][^539] the Supreme Court.][^538] **(2)** Any such direction, order or decree shall be enforceable throughout Pakistan and shall, where it is to be executed in a Province, or a territory or an area not forming part of a Province but within the jurisdiction of the High Court of the Province, be executed as if it had been issued by the High Court of that Province. **(3)** If a question arises as to which High Court shall give effect to a direction, order or decree of the Supreme Court, the decision of the Supreme Court on the question shall be final. ### 188. Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court The Supreme Court shall have power, subject to the provisions of any Act of [^540][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^540] and of any rules made by the Supreme Court, to review any judgment pronounced or any order made by it. [^541] ### 189. Decisions of Federal Constitutional Court and Supreme Court binding on other courts **(1)** Any decision of the Federal Constitutional Court shall, to the extent that it decides a question of law or is based upon or enunciates a principle of law, be binding on all other courts in Pakistan including the Supreme Court. **(2)** Any decision of the Supreme Court shall, to the extent that it decides a question of law or is based upon or enunciates a principle of law, be binding on all other courts in Pakistan except the Federal Constltutional Court. [^541] ### 190. Action in aid of [^542][Federal Constitutional Court and][^542] Supreme Court All executive and judicial authorities through out Pakistan shall act in aid of [^543][the Federal Constitutional Court and][^543] the Supreme Court. [^544] ### 191. Rules of Procedure Subject to the Constitution and any Act of Majlis-e-shoora (Parliament), the Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court may make rules regulating their respective practice and procedure. [^544] [^545] [^545] ## Chapter 3 The High Courts ### 192. Constitution of High Court **(1)** A High Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and so many other Judges as may be determined by law or, until so determined, as may be fixed by the President. [^547][ **(2)** The Sind and Baluchistan High Court shall cease to function as a common High Court for the Provinces of Baluchistan and Sind. **(3)** The President shall, by [^548] Order, establish a High Court for each of the Provinces of Baluchistan and Sind and may make such provision in the Order for the principal seats of the two High Courts, transfer of the Judges of the common High Court, transfer of cases pending in the common High Court immediately before the establishment of two High Courts and, generally, for matters consequential or ancillary to the common High Court ceasing to function and the establishment of the two High Courts as he may deem fit. ][^547] [^549][(4)][^549] The jurisdiction of a High Court may, by Act of [^550][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^550], be extended to any area in Pakistan not forming part of a Province. ### 193. Appointment of High Court Judges [^551][ **(1)** The Chief Justice and each of the other Judges of a High Court shall be appointed by the President in accordance with Article 175A. ][^551][^552][ **(2)** A person shall not be appointed as a Judge of a High Court unless he is a citizen of Pakistan, is not less than forty years of age, and- **(a)** he has, for a period of not less than ten years, been an advocate of a High Court; or **(b)** he has, for a period of not less than ten years, held a judicial office in Pakistan. > Explanation.- In computing the period during which a person has been an advocate of a High Court or has held judicial office, there shall be included any period during which he has held judicial office after he became an advocate or, as the case may be, the period during which he has been an advocate after having held judicial office. ][^552][^556][][^556] ### 194. Oath of Office Before entering upon office, the Chief. Justice of a High Court shall make before the Governor, and any other Judge of the Court shall make before the Chief Justice, oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule[^557][:][^557] > [^558][**Provided** that the Chief Justice of the Islamabad High Court shall make oath before the President and other Judges of that Court shall make oath before the Chief Justice of the Islamabad High Court. ][^558] [^559] ### 195. Retiring Age A judge of the High Court shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty-two years, unless he sooner resigns or is removed from office in accordance with the Constitution. [^559] ### 196. Acting Chief Justice At any time when- **(a)** the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant, or **(b)** the Chief Justice of a High Court is absent or is unable to perform the functions of his office due to any other cause, the President shall appoint [^565][one of the other Judges of the High Court, or may request one of the Judges of the Supreme Court][^565], to act as Chief Justice. ### 197. Additional Judges At any time when- **(a)** the office of a Judge of a High Court is vacant; or **(b)** a Judge of a High Court is absent or is unable to perform the functions of his office due to any other cause; or **(c)** for any reason it is necessary to increase the number of Judges of a High Court, the President may, in the manner provided in clause (1) of Article 193, appoint a person qualified for appointment as a Judge of the High Court to be Additional Judge of the Court for such period as the President may determine, being a period not exceeding such period, if any, as may be prescribed by law. ### 198. Seat of the High Court [^567][(1)][^567] Each High Court in existence immediately before the commencing day shall continue to have its principal seat at the place where it had such seat before that day. [^568][ **(1A)** The High Court for Islamabad Capital Territory shall have its principal seat at Islamabad. ][^568][^569][ **(2)** Each High Court and the Judges and divisional courts thereof shall sit at its principal seat and the seats of its Benches and may hold, at any place within its territorial jurisdiction, circuit courts consisting of such of the Judges as may be nominated by the Chief Justice. **(3)** The Lahore High Court shall have a Bench each at Bahawalpur, Multan and Rawalpindi; the High Court of Sind shall have a Bench at Sukkur; the Peshawar High Court shall have a Bench each at Abbottabad[^570][, Mingora][^570] and Dera Ismail Khan and the High Court of Baluchistan shall have a Bench at Sibi [^571][and Turbat][^571]. **(4)** Each of the High Courts may have Benches at such other places as the Governor may determine on the advice of the Cabinet and in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court. **(5)** A Bench referred in clause (3), or established under clause (4), shall consist of such of the Judges of the High Court as may be nominated by the Chief Justice from time to time for a period of not less than one year. **(6)** The Governor in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court shall make rules to provide the following matters, that is to say,- **(a)** assigning the area in relation to which each Bench shall exercise jurisdiction vested in the High Court; and **(b)** for all incidental, supplemental or consequential matters. ][^569] ### 199. Jurisdiction of High Court **(1)** Subject to the Constitution, a High Court may, if it is satisfied that no other adequate remedy is provided by law,- **(a)** on the application of any aggrieved party, make an order- **(i)** directing a person performing, within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court, functions in connection with the affairs of the Federation, a Province or a local authority, to refrain from doing anything he is not permitted by law to do, or to do anything he is required by law to do; or **(ii)** declaring that any act done or proceeding taken within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court by a person performing functions in connection with the affairs of the Federation, a Province or a local authority has been done or taken without lawful authority and is of no legal effect; or **(b)** on the application of any person, make an order- **(i)** directing that a person in custody within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court be brought before it so that the Court may satisfy itself that he is not being held in custody without lawful authority or in an unlawful manner; or **(ii)** requiring a person within the territorial jurisdiction of the Court holding or purporting to hold a public office to show under what authority of law he claims to hold that office; or **(c)** on the application of any aggrieved person, make an order giving such directions to any person or authority, including any Government exercising any power or performing any function in, or in relation to, any territory within the jurisdiction of that Court as may be appropriate for the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights conferred by Chapter 1 of Part II. [^572][ **(1A)** For removal of doubt, the High Court shall not make an order or give direction or make a declaration on its own or in the nature of *suo motu* exercise of jurisdiction beyond the contents of any application filed under clause (1). ][^572] **(2)** Subject to the Constitution, the right to move a High Court for the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights conferred by Chapter 1 of Part II shall not be abridged. [^573][ **(3)** An order shall not be made under clause (1) on application made by or in relation to a person who is a member of the Armed Forces of Pakistan, or who is for the time being subject to any law relating to any of those Forces, in respect of his terms and conditions of service, in respect of any matter arising out of his service, or in respect of any action taken in relation to him as a member of the Armed Forces of Pakistan or as a person subject to such law. ][^573][^574][][^574] **(4)** Where- **(a)** an application is made to a High Court for an order under paragraph (a) or paragraph (c) of clause (1), and **(b)** the making of an interim order would have the effect of prejudicing or interfering with the carrying out of a public work or of otherwise being harmful to public interest [^578][or state property][^578] or of impeding the assessment or collection of public revenues, **(i)** would not have such effect as aforesaid;or **(ii)** would have the effect of suspending an order or proceeding which on the face of the record is without jurisdiction. [^579][ **(4A)** An interim order made by a High Court on an application made to it to question the validity or legal effect of any order made, proceeding taken or act done by any authority or person, which has been made, taken or done or purports to have been made, taken or done under any law which is specified in Part I of the First Schedule or relates to, or is connected with, State property or assessment or collection of public revenues shall cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of six months following the day on which it is made: > [^580][**Provided** that, for reasons to be recorded, an interim order may be extended only for a period upto six months. ][^580] ][^579][^585][ **(4B)** Every case in which, on an application under clause (1), the High Court has made an interim order shall be disposed of by the High Court on merits within six months from the day on which it is made, unless the High Court is prevented from doing so for sufficient cause to be recorded. ][^585] **(5)** In this Article, unless the context otherwise requires,- "person" includes any body politic or corporate, any authority of or under the control of the Federal Government or of a Provincial Government, and any Court or tribunal, other than the [^586][Federal Constitutional Court or the][^586] Supreme Court, a High Court or a Court or tribunal established under a law relating to the Armed Forces of Pakistan; and "prescribed law officer" means **(a)** in relation to an application affecting the Federal Government or an authority of or under the control of the Federal Government, the Attorney-General, and **(b)** in any other case, the Advocate-General for the Province in which the application is made. [^587] ### 200. Transfer of High Court Judges **(1)** The President may transfer a Judge of a High Court from one High Court to another High Court on the recommendation of and on such terms and conditions as may be determined by the Judicial Commission of Pakistan as mentioned in clause (2) of Article 175A: > **Provided** that the Chief Justices of both High Courts shall also be members of the Judicial Commission of Pakistan for the purposes of this clause: > **Provided** further that the Judicial Commission of Pakistan before making recommendation under this clause may hear the Judge. > Explanation.- In this Article, "Judge" does not include a Chief Justice but includes a Judge for the time being acting as Chief Justice of a High Court other than a Judge of the Supreme Court acting as such in pursuance of a request made under paragraph (b) of Article 196. **(2)** The seniority of a Judge of a High Court transferred under clause (1) shall be reckoned from the date of his initial appointment as a Judge of the High Court: **(3)** Where a Judge is so transferred, he shall be entitled to such additional allowances and privileges, in addition to his salary and allowances, as the President may, by Order, determine. **(4)** A Judge of a High Court who does not accept a transfer under this Article shall be proceeded against under Article 209 within a period of thirty days. such Judge shall not perform his functions till such time the Council under Article 209 renders its decision. [^587] ### 201. Decision of High Court binding on Subordinate Courts Subject to Article 189, any decision of a High Court shall, to the extent that it decides a question of law or is based upon or enunciates a principle of law, be binding on all courts subordinate to it. ### 202. Rules of Procedure Subject to the Constitution and law, a High Court may make rules regulating the practice and procedure of the Court or of any court subordinate to it. [^598] ### 202A. Constitutional Benches of High Courts **(1)** There shall be Constitutional Benches of a High Court, comprising such Judges of a High Court and for such term, as may be nominated and determined by the Judicial Commission of Pakistan as constituted under clause (5) of Article 175A, from time to time. **(2)** The most senior Judge amongst Judges nominated under clause (1) shall be the Head of the Constitutional Benches. [^599][ **(3)** No Bench of a High Court other than a Constitutional Bench shall exercise jurisdiction vested in the High court under Article 199. ][^599] **(4)** For the purposes of clause (1), a Bench, to be nominated by a committee consisting of the Head of Constitutional Benches and next two most senior Judges from amongst the Judges nominated under clause (1), shall hear and dispose of such matters. **(5)** All petitions under sub-paragraph (i) of paragraph (a) and paragraph (c) of Article 199 or appeals therefrom, pending or filed in a High Court prior to commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (XXVI of 2024), subject to clause (7), forthwith stand transferred to the Constitutional Benches and shall only be heard and decided by Benches constituted under clause (4). **(6)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution but subject to an Act of Majls-e-Shoora (Parliament) in respect of the Islamabad High Court and an Act of Provincial Assembly in respect of other respective High Courts may make rules regulating the practice and procedure of the Constitutional Benches. **(7)** This Article shall come into force, if in respect of– **(a)** the Islamabad High Court, both Houses of Majils-e-Shoora (Parliament) in the joint sitting; and **(b)** a High Court, the respective Provincial Assembly, through a resolution passed by majority of the total membership of the joint sitting or the respective Provincial Assembly, as the case may be, give effect to the provisions of this Article. [^598] ### 203. Hight Court to superintend Subordinate Courts Each High Court shall supervise and control all courts subordinate to it. ## Chapter 3A Federal Shariat Court[^600] ### 203A. Provisions of Chapter to override other Provisions of Constitution The provisions or this Chapter shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution. ### 203B. Definitions In this Chapter, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context [^601][ **(a)** "Chief Justice" means, Chief Justice of the Court; ][^601] **(b)** "Court" means the Federal Shariat Court constituted in pursuance of Article 203C; [^602][ **(bb)** "judge" means judge of the Court; ][^602] **(c)** "law" includes any custom or usage having the force of law but does not include the Constitution, Muslim Personal Law, any law relating to the procedure of any Court or tribunal or, until the expiration of [^603][ten][^603] years from the commencement of this Chapter, any fiscal law or any law relating to the levy and collection of taxes and fees or banking or insurance practice and procedure; and [^606][][^606] ### 203C. The Federal Shariat Court **(1)** There shall be constituted for the purposes of this Chapter a court to be called the Federal Shariat Court. [^607][ **(2)** The Court shall consist of not more than eight Muslim [^608][Judges][^608], including the [^609][Chief Justice][^609], to be appointed by the President [^610][in accordance with Article 175A][^610]. ][^607][^612][ **(3)** The Chief Justice shall be a person who is, or has been, or is qualified, to be, a Judge of the Supreme Court or who is or has been a permanent Judge of a High Court [^613][or a Judge of the Federal Shariat Court qualified to be a Judge of the Supreme Court][^613]. **(3A)** Of the Judges not more than four shall be persons each one of whom is, or has been, or is qualified to be, a Judge of a High Court and not more than three shall be ulema [^614][having at least fifteen years experience in Islamic law, research or instruction][^614]. ][^612] **(4)** The [^615][Chief Justice][^615] and a [^616][Judge][^616] shall hold office for a period not exceeding three years, but may be appointed for such further term or terms as the President may determine: > **Provided** that a Judge of a High Court shall not be appointed to be a Judge [^617][][^617] except with his consent and [^619][, except where the Judge is, himself the Chief Justice,][^619] after consultation by the President with the Chief Justice of the High Court. [^620][ **(4A)** The [^621][Chief Justice][^621], if he is not a Judge of the Supreme Court, and a [^622][Judge][^622] who is not a Judge of a High Court, may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office. ][^620][^623][[^624][ **(4B)** The Chief Justice and a Judge shall not be removed from office except in the like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court. ][^624][^625][][^625]][^623][^626][][^626] **(6)** The Principal seat of the Court shall be at Islamabad, but Court may from time to time sit in such other places in Pakistan as the [^628][Chief Justice][^628] may, with the approval of the President, appoint. **(7)** Before entering upon office, the [^629][Chief Justice][^629] and a [^630][Judge][^630] shall make before the President or a person nominated by him oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. **(8)** At any time when the [^631][Chief Justice][^631] or a [^632][Judge][^632] is absent or is unable to perform the functions of his office the President shall appoint another person qualified for the purpose to act as [^633][Chief Justice][^633] or, as the case may be, [^634][Judge][^634]. [^635][ **(9)** A Chief Justice who is not a Judge of the Supreme Court shall be entitled to the same remuneration, allowances and privileges as are admissible to a Judge of the Supreme Court and a Judge who is not a Judge of a High Court shall be entitled to the same remuneration, allowances, and privileges as are admissible to a Judge of a High Court: > **Provided** that where a Judge is already drawing a pension for any other post in the service of Pakistan, the amount of such pension shall be deducted from the pension admissible under this clause. ][^635] [^642] [^642] ### 203D. Powers, Jurisdiction and Functions of the Court **(1)** The Court may, [^644][either of its own motion or][^644] on the petition of a citizen of Pakistan or the Federal Government or a Provincial Government, examine and decide the question whether or not any law or provision of law is repugnant to the injunctions of Islam, as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet, hereinafter referred to as the Injunctions of Islam. [^645][ **(1A)** Where the Court takes up the examination of any law or provision of law under clause (1) and such law or provision of law appears to it to be repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam, the Court shall cause to be given to the Federal Government in the case of a law with respect to a matter in the Federal Legislative List [^646][][^646], or to the Provincial Government in the case of a law with respect to a matter not enumerated [^647][in the Federal Legislative List][^647], a notice specifying the particular provisions that appear to it to be so repugnant, and afford to such Government adequate opportunity to have its point of view placed before the Court. ][^645] **(2)** If the Court decides that any law or provision of law is repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam, it shall set out in its decision: **(a)** the reasons for its holding that opinion; and **(b)** the extent to which such law or provision is so repugnant; and specify the day on which the decision shall take effect[^648][:][^648] > [^649][**Provided** that no such decision shall be deemed to take effect before the expiration of the period within which an appeal therefrom may be preferred to the Supreme Court or, where an appeal has been so preferred, before the disposal of such appeal[^650][:][^650]][^649] > [^651][**Provided** further that appeal against decision given after the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (XXVI of 2024) shall be disposed of within twelve months whereafter the decision shall take effect unless suspended by the Supreme Court. ][^651] **(3)** If any law or provision of law is held by the Court to be repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam, **(a)** the President in the case of a law with respect to a matter in the Federal Legislative List or the Concurrent Legislative List, or the Governor in the case of a law with respect to a matter not enumerated in either of those Lists, shall take steps to amend the law so as to bring such law or provision into conformity with the Injunctions of Islam; and **(b)** such law or provision shall, to the extent to which it is held to be so repugnant, cease to have effect on the day on which the decision of the Court takes effect. [^652][][^652] [^653] ****203DD**** **Revision and other Jurisdiction of the Court.** **(1)** The Court may call for and examine the record of any case decided by any criminal court under any law relating to the enforcement of Hudood for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the correctness, legality or propriety of any finding, sentence or order recorded or passed by, and as to the regularity of any proceedings of, such court and may, when calling for such record, direct that the execution of any sentence be suspended and, if the accused is in confinement, that he be released on bail or on his own bond pending the examination of the record. **(2)** In any case the record of which has been called for by the Court, the Court may pass such order as it may deem fit and may enhance the sentence: > **Provided** that nothing in this Article shall be deemed to authorize the Court to convert a finding of acquittal into one of conviction and no order under this Article shall be made to the prejudice of the accused unless he has had an opportunity of being heard in his own defence. **(3)** The Court shall have such other jurisdiction as may be conferred on it by or under any law. [^653] ### 203E. Powers and Procedure of the Court **(1)** For the purposes of the performance of its functions, the Court shall have the powers of a civil court trying a suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Act V of 1908), in respect of the following matters, namely: **(a)** summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath; **(b)** requiring the discovery and production of any document; **(c)** receiving evidence on affidavits; and **(d)** issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses or documents. **(2)** The Court shall have power to conduct its proceedings and regulate its procedure in all respects as it deems fit. **(3)** The Court shall have the power of a High Court to punish its own contempt. **(4)** A party to any proceedings before the Court under clause (1) of Article 203D may be represented by a legal practitioner who is a Muslim and has been enrolled as an advocate of a High Court for a period of not less than five years or as an advocate of the Supreme Court or by a jurisconsult selected by the party from out of a panel of jurisconsults maintained by the Court for the purpose. **(5)** For being eligible to have his name borne on the panel of jurisconsults referred to in clause (4), a person shall be an Aalim who, in the opinion of the Court, is well-versed in Shariat. **(6)** A legal practitioner or jurisconsult representing a party before the Court shall not plead for the party but shall state, expound and interpret the Injunctions of Islam relevant to the proceedings so far as may be known to him and submit to the Court a written statement of his interpretation of such Injunctions of Islam. **(7)** The Court may invite any person in Pakistan or abroad whom the Court considers to be well-versed in Islamic law to appear before it and render such assistance as may be required of him. **(8)** No court-fee shall be payable in respect of any petition or application made to the Court under [^655][Article 203D.][^655] [^656][ **(9)** The Court shall have power to review any decision given or order made by it. ][^656] ### 203F. Appeal to Supreme Court **(1)** Any party to any proceedings before the Court under Article 203D aggrieved by the final decision of the Court in such proceedings may, within sixty days of such decision, prefer an appeal to the Supreme Court[^657][:][^657] > [^658][**Provided** that an appeal on behalf of the Federation or of a Province may be preferred within six months of such decision.][^658] **(2)** The provisions of clauses (2) and (3) of Article 203D and clauses (4) to (8) of Article 203E shall apply to and in relation to the Supreme Court as if reference in those provisions to Court were a reference to the Supreme Court. [^659][ **(2A)** An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence of the Federal Shariat Court- **(a)** if the Federal Shariat Court has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death or imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term exceeding fourteen years; or, on revision, has enhanced a sentence as aforesaid; or **(b)** if the Federal Shariat Court has imposed any punishment on any person for contempt of the Court. **(2B)** An appeal to the Supreme Court from a judgment, decision, order or sentence of the Federal Shariat Court in a case to which the preceding clauses do not apply shall lie only if the Supreme Court grants leave to appeal. ][^659][^660][ **(3)** For the purpose of the exercise of the jurisdiction conferred by this Article, there shall be constituted in the Supreme Court a Bench to be called the Shariat Appellate Bench and consisting of, **(a)** three Muslim Judges of the Supreme Court; and **(b)** not more than two Ulema to be appointed by the President to attend sittings of the Bench as ad-hoc members thereof from amongst the Judges of the Federal Shariat Court or from out of a panel of Ulema to he drawn up by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice. ][^660] **(4)** A person appointed under paragraph (b) of clause (3) shall hold office for such period as the President may determine. **(5)** Reference in clauses (1) and (2) to Supreme Court shall be construed as a reference to the Shariat Appellate Bench. **(6)** While attending sittings of the Shariat Appellate Bench, a person appointed under paragraph (b) of clause (3) shall have the same power and jurisdiction, and be entitled to the same privileges, as a Judge of the Supreme Court and be paid such allowances as the President may determine. ### 203G. Bar of Jurisdiction Save as provided in Article 203F, no court or tribunal, including the Supreme Court and a High Court, shall entertain any proceeding or exercise any power or jurisdiction in respect of any matter within the power or jurisdiction of the Court. [^661] ****203GG**** **Decision of Court binding on High Court and Courts subordinate to it** Subject to Article 203D and 203F, any decision of the Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction under this Chapter shall be binding on a High Court and on all courts subordinate to a High Court. [^661] ### 203H. Pending proceedings to continue, etc **(1)** Subject to clause (2) nothing in this Chapter shall be deemed to require any proceedings pending in any court or tribunal immediately before the commencement of this Chapter or initiated after such commencement, to be adjourned or stayed by reason only of a petition having been made to the Court for a decision as to whether or not a law or provision of law relevant to the decision of the point in issue in such proceedings is repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam; and all such proceedings shall continue, and the point in issue therein shall be decided, in accordance with the law for the time being in force. **(2)** All proceedings under clause (1) of Article 203B of the Constitution that may be pending before any High Court immediately before the commencement of this Chapter shall stand transferred to the Court and shall be dealt with by the Court from the stage from which they are so transferred. **(3)** Neither the Court nor the Supreme Court shall in the exercise of its jurisdiction under this Chapter have power to grant an injunction or make any interim order in relation to any proceedings pending in any other court or tribunal. [^662] [^662] ### 203J. Power to make Rules **(1)** The Court may, by notification in the official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Chapter. **(2)** In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may make provision in respect of all or any of the following matters, namely: - **(a)** the scale of payment of honorarium to be made to jurisconsults, experts and witnesses summoned by the Court to defray the expenses, if any, incurred by them in attending for the purposes of the proceedings before the Court; [^663][][^663] **(b)** the form of oath to be made by a jurisconsult, expert or witness appearing before the Court[^664][;][^664] [^665][ **(c)** the powers and functions of the Court being exercised or performed by Benches consisting of one or more members constituted by the Chief Justices; **(d)** the decision of the Court being expressed in terms of the opinion of the majority of its members or, as the case may be, of the members constituting a Bench; and **(e)** the decision of cases in which the members constituting a Bench are equally divided in their opinion. ][^665] **(3)** Until rules are made under clause (1), the Shariat Benches of Superior Courts Rules, 1979, shall, with the necessary modifications and so far as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Chapter, continue in force. ## Chapter 4 General Provisions Relating to the Judicature [^667] ### 204. Contempt of Court **(1)** In this Article, "Court" means the [^668][Federal Constitutional Court or the][^668] Supreme Court or a High Court. **(2)** A Court shall have power to punish any person who, **(a)** abuses, interferes with or obstructs the process of the Court in any way or disobeys any order of the Court; **(b)** scandalizes the Court or otherwise does anything which tends to bring the Court or a Judge of the Court into hatred, ridicule or contempt; **(c)** does anything which tends to prejudice the determination of a matter pending before the Court; or **(d)** does any other thing which, by law, constitutes contempt of the Court. **(3)** The exercise of the power conferred on a Court by this Article may be regulated by law and, subject to law, by rules made by the Court. [^667] ### 205. Remuneration, etc., of Judges The remuneration and other terms and conditions of service of a Judge of [^670][the Federal Constitutional Court or][^670] the Supreme Court or of a High Court shall be as provided in the Fifth Schedule. ### 206. Resignation [^671][(1)][^671] A Judge of the [^672][Federal Constitutional Court or of the][^672] Supreme Court or a High Court may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the President. [^673][ **(2)** A Judge of a High Court who does not accept appointment as a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court or a Judge of the Supreme Court who does not accept appointment as a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court shall be deemed to have retired from his office and, on retirement, shall be entitled to receive a pension calculated on the basis of the length of his service as Judge and total service, if any, in the service of Pakistan. ][^673] ### 207. Judge not to hold Office of Profit, etc **(1)** A Judge of [^675][Federal Constitutional Court or of the Supreme Court][^675] or of a High Court shall not, **(a)** hold any other office of profit in the service of Pakistan if his remuneration is thereby increased; or **(b)** occupy any other position carrying the right to remuneration for the rendering of services. **(2)** A person who has held office as a Judge of the [^676][Federal Constitutional Court or of the Supreme Court][^676] or of a High Court shall not hold any office of profit in the service of Pakistan, not being a judicial or quasi-judicial office or the office of Chief Election Commissioner or of Chairman or member of a law commission or of Chairman or member of the Council of Islamic Ideology, before the expiration of two years after he has ceased to hold that office. **(3)** A person who has held office as a permanent Judge, **(a)** of the [^677][Federal Constitutional Court or of the Supreme Court][^677], shall not plead or act in any Court or before any authority in Pakistan; [^678][and][^678] **(b)** of a High Court, shall not plead or act in any Court or before any authority within its jurisdiction[^679][.][^679] [^680][][^680] ### 208. Officers and Servants of Courts The [^681][Federal Constitutional Court, the][^681][^682][Supreme Court, the Federal Shariat Court and the Islamabad High Court][^682], with the approval of the President and a High Court, with the approval of the Governor concerned, may make rules providing for the appointment by the Court of officers and servants of the Court and for their terms and conditions of employment[^684][:][^684] > [^685][**Provided** that till such time rules are made in this regard, the rules providing for the appointment of officers and servants of the Supreme Court and for their terms and conditions of employment shall *mutatis mutandis* apply to the officers and servants of the Federal Constitutional Court. ][^685] [^686] ### 209. Supreme Judicial Council **(1)** There shall be a Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan, in this Chapter referred to as the Council. [^687][ **(2)** The Council shall consist of- **(a)** the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitiutional Court; **(b)** the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; **(c)** one next most senior Judge each of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court; **(d)** a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court jointly nominated by the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, for a period of two years; **(e)** the two most senior Chief Justices of the High Courts. > Explanation I.- The senior amongst the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall be the Chaiperson of the Council. Their *inter se* seniority shall be determined with reference to their dates of appointment as the Chief Justices of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court otherwise than as acting Chief Justice, in case the dates of such appointment are the same, with reference to their dates of appointment as Judges of the High Courts. > Explanation II.- If a Judge may not be nominated under paragraph (d), the respective Chief Justices shall forward one nominee each to the President who shall, on advice of the Prime Minister, nominate one of them as a Judge under paragraph (d). > Explanation III.- For the purposes of this clause, the *inter se* seniority of the Chief Justices of the High Courts shall be determined with reference to their dates of appointment as Chief Justice otherwise than as acting Chief Justice, and in case the dates of such appointment are the same, with reference to their dates of appointment as Judges of the High Courts. ][^687][^688][ **(3)** If at any time, the Council is inquiring into the capacity, inefficiency or conduct of a Judge who is a member of the Council, or a member of the Council is absent or is unable to act due to illness or any other cause, then if such member is the- **(a)** Chief Justice or Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court, as the case may be, the Judge who is next in seniority below the Judges referred to in paragraph (c) of clause (2), as the case may be; **(b)** Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court referred to in paragraph (d) of clause (2), another Judge nominated under paragraph (d) or Explanation II of clause (2); and **(c)** Chief Justice of a High Court, the Chief Justice of another High Court who is next in seniority amongst the Chief Justices of the remaining High Courts, shall act as a member of the Council in his place. ][^688] **(4)** If, upon any matter inquired into by the Council, there is a difference of opinion amongst its members, the opinion of the majority shall prevail, and the report of the Council to the President shall be expressed in terms of the view of the majority. **(5)** If, on information from any source or the report from the Commission under clause (19) of Article 175A [^689][and Article 200][^689], the Council or the President is of the opinion that a Judge [^690][of the Federal Constitutional Court or][^690] of the Supreme Court or of a High Court- **(a)** may be incapable of properly performing the duties of his office by reason of physical or mental incapacity; or **(b)** may be inefficient in the performance of the duties of his office; or **(c)** may have been guilty of misconduct, [^691][or][^691] [^692][ **(iv)** does not accept a transfer under Article 200. ][^692] the Council, on its own motion or on receipt of report from the Commission under clause (19) of Article 175A or on the direction of the President, shall inquire into the matter. **(6)** If, after inquiring into the matter, without unnecessary delay and in case of report or direction under clause (5), within six months[^693][and within thirty days in case where paragraph (d) applies][^693], the Council reports to the President that it is of the opinion that- **(a)** the Judge is incapable of performing the duties of his office or is found inefficient in performance of the duties of his office or has been guilty of misconduct [^694][or does not accept transfer under Article 200][^694]; and **(b)** he should be removed from office, the President may remove the Judge from office. **(7)** A Judge [^695][of the Federal Constitutional Court or][^695]of the Supreme Court or of a High Court shall not be removed from office except as provided by this Article. **(8)** The Council shall issue a code of conduct to be observed by Judges of [^696][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^696] the Supreme Court and the High Courts. **(9)** Subject to the rules made by the Council, there shall be a secretariat of the Council to be headed by a secretary and shall include such other officers and staff, as may be necessary. [^697][ **(10)** Within sixty days of commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, the Council shall make rules regulating its procedure and conduct of business. ][^697] [^686] ### 210. Power of Council to enforce attendance of persons, etc **(1)** For the purpose of inquiring into any matter, the Council shall have the same power as the [^702][the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court][^702] has to issue directions or orders for securing the attendance of any person or the discovery or production of any document; and any such direction or order shall be enforceable as if it had been issued by the [^703][the Federal Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court][^703]. **(2)** The provisions of Article 204 shall apply to the Council as they apply to the [^704][the Federal Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court][^704] and a High Court. ### 211. Bar of Jurisdiction The proceedings before the Council, its report to the President and the removal of a Judge under clause (6) of Article 209 shall not be called in question in any court. ### 212. Administrative Courts and Tribunals **(1)** Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained, the appropriate Legislature may by Act [^705][provide for the establishment of][^705] one or more Administrative Courts or Tribunals to exercise exclusive jurisdiction in respect of **(a)** matters relating to the terms and conditions of persons [^706][who are or have been][^706] in the service of Pakistan, including disciplinary matters; **(b)** matters relating to claims arising from tortious acts of Government, or any person in the service of Pakistan, or of any local or other authority empowered by law to levy any tax or cess and any servant of such authority acting in the discharge of his duties as such servant; or **(c)** matters relating to the acquisition, administration and disposal of any property which is deemed to be enemy property under any law. **(2)** Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained, where any Administrative Court or Tribunal is established under clause (1), no other court shall grant an injunction, make any order or entertain any proceedings in respect of any matter to which the jurisdiction of such Administrative Court or Tribunal extends [^707][and all proceedings in respect of any such matter which may be pending before such other court immediately before the establishment of the Administrative Court or Tribunal [^708][other than an appeal pending before the Supreme Court,][^708] shall abate on such establishment][^707]: > **Provided** that the provisions of this clause shall not apply to an Administrative Court or Tribunal established under an Act of a Provincial Assembly unless, at the request of that Assembly made in the form of a resolution, [^709][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^709] by [^710] law extends the provisions to such a Court or Tribunal. **(3)** An appeal to the Supreme Court from a judgment, decree, order or sentence of an Administrative Court or Tribunal shall lie only if the Supreme Court, being satisfied that the case involves a substantial question of law of public importance, grants leave to appeal. [^711] [^711] [^713] [^713] ## Part VIII Elections ## Chapter 1 Chief Election Commissioner and Elections [^715][Commission][^715] ### 213. Chief Election Commissioner **(1)** There shall be a Chief Election Commissioner (in this Part referred to as the Commissioner), who shall be appointed by the President [^716][][^716]. [^718][ **(2)** No person shall be appointed Commissioner unless he has been a judge of the Supreme Court or has been a senior civil servant or is a technocrat and is not more than sixty-eight years of age. > Explanation 1.- "senior civil servant" means a civil servant who has served for at least twenty years under Federal or a Provincial Government and has retired in BPS-22 or above. > Explanation 2.- "technocrat" means a person who is the holder of a degree requiring conclusion of at least sixteen years of education, recognized by the Higher Education Commission and has at least twenty years of experience, including a record of achievements at the national or international level. ][^718][^719][ **(2A)** The Prime Minister shall in consultation with the Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly, forward three names for appointment of the Commissioner to a Parliamentary Committee for hearing and confirmation of any one person [^720][:][^720] > [^721][**Provided** that in case there is no consensus between the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, each shall forward separate lists to the Parliamentary Committee for consideration which may confirm any one name:][^721] **(2B)** The Parliamentary Committee to be constituted by the Speaker shall comprise fifty percent members from the Treasury Branches and fifty percent from the Opposition Parties, based on their strength in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), to be nominated by the respective Parliamentary Leaders: [^722][][^722] > [^723][**Provided** [^724][][^724] that the total strength of the Parliamentary Committee shall be twelve members out of which one-third shall be from the Senate. ][^723] > **Provided** [^725][further][^725] that when the National Assembly is dissolved and a vacancy occurs in the office of the Chief Election Commissioner, the [^726][total membership of the Parliamentary Committe shall consist of][^726] the members from the Senate only and the foregoing provisions of this clause shall, *mutatis mutandis*, apply. ][^719] **(3)** The Commissioner [^727][or a member][^727]shall have such powers and functions as are conferred on him by the Constitution and law. ### 214. [^728][][^728]Oath of Office Before entering upon office, the Commissioner shall make before the Chief Justice of Pakistan [^729][, and a member of the Election Commission shall make before the Commissioner,][^729] oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. ### 215. Term of office of Commissioner [^730][and members][^730] **(1)** The Commissioner [^731][and a member][^731] shall, subject to this Article, hold office for a term of [^732][three][^732] years from the day he enters upon his office: > [^733][**Provided** that two of the members shall retire after the expiration of first two and a half years and two shall retire after the expiration of the next two and a half years: > **Provided** [^738][also][^738] that the Commission shall for the first term of office of members draw a lot as to which two members shall retire after the first two and a half years: > **Provided** also that the term of office of a member appointed to fill a casual vacancy shall be the un-expired term of office of the member whose vacancy he has filled. ][^733] **(2)** The Commissioner [^739][or a member][^739] shall not be removed from office except in the manner prescribed in Article 209 for the removal from office of a Judge and, in the application of the Article for the purposes of this clause, any reference in that Article to a Judge shall be construed as a reference to the Commissioner [^740][or, as the case may be, a member][^740] . **(3)** The Commissioner [^741][or a member][^741] may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office. [^742][ **(4)** Vacancy in the office of the Commissioner or a member shall be filled within forty-five days. ][^742] ### 216. Commissioner [^743][and members][^743] not to hold office of profit **(1)** The Commissioner [^744][or a member][^744] shall not, **(a)** hold any other office of profit in the service of Pakistan; or **(b)** occupy any other position carrying the right to remuneration for the rendering of services. **(2)** A person who has held office as Commissioner [^745][or a member][^745] shall not hold any office of profit in the service of Pakistan before the expiration of two years after he has ceased to hold that office [^746][.][^746][^747][][^747] ### 217. Acting Commissioner At any time when, **(a)** the office of Commissioner is vacant, or **(b)** the Commissioner is absent or unable to perform the functions of his office due to any other cause, [^750][the most senior member in age of the members of the Commission][^750] shall Act as Commissioner. ### 218. Election Commission [^751][ **(1)** For the purpose of election to both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), Provincial Assemblies and for election to such other public offices as may be specified by law, a permanent Election Commission shall be constituted in accordance with this Article. ][^751][^753][ **(2)** The Election Commission shall consist of- **(a)** The Commissioner who shall be the Chairman of the Commission; and [^754][ **(b)** four members, one from each Province, each of whom shall be a person who has been a judge of a High Court or has been a senior civil servant or is a technocrat and is not more than sixty-five years of age, to be appointed by the President in the manner provided for appointment of the Commissioner in clauses (2A) and (2B) or Article 213. > Explanation.- "senior civil servant" and "technocrat" shall have the same meaning as given in clause (2) or Article 213. ][^754] ][^753] **(3)** It shall be the duty of the Election Commission [^757][][^757] to organize and conduct the election and to make such arrangements as are necessary to ensure that the election is conducted honestly, justly, fairly and in accordance with law, and that corrupt practices are guarded against. ### 219. Duties of [^758][Commission][^758] The [^759][Commission][^759] shall be charged with the duty of:- [^760][ **(a)** preparing electoral rolls for election to the National Assembly, Provincial Assemblies and local governments, and revising such rolls periodically to keep them up-to-date; ][^760] **(b)** organizing and conducting election to the Senate or to fill casual vacancies in a House or a Provincial Assembly; and **(c)** appointing Election Tribunals[^761][;][^761] [^762][ **(d)** the holding of general elections to the National Assembly, Provincial Assemblies and the local governments; and **(e)** such other functions as may be specified by an Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)[^763][:][^763] ][^762] > [^764][**Provided** that till such time as the members of the Commission are first appointed in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (b) of clause (2) of Article 218 pursuant to the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, and enter upon their office, the Commissioner shall remain charged with the duties enumerated in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Article.][^764] ### 220. Executive authorities to assist Commission, etc It shall be the duty of all executive authorities in the Federation and in the Provinces to assist the Commissioner and the Election Commission in the discharge of his or their functions. ### 221. Officers and [^765][staff][^765] Until [^766][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^766] by law otherwise provides, the [^767][Election Commission][^767] may, with the approval of the President, make rules providing for the appointment by the Commissioner of officers and [^768][staff][^768] to be employed in connection with the functions of the [^769][][^769][^770][Commissioner][^770] and for their terms and conditions of employment. ## Chapter 2 Electoral Laws and Conduct of Elections ### 222. Electoral laws Subject to the Constitution, [^771][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^771] may by law provide for: **(a)** the allocation of seats in the National Assembly as required by clauses (3) and (4) of Article 51; **(b)** the delimitation of constituencies by the Election Commission [^772][including delimitation of constituencies of local governments][^772]; **(c)** the preparation of electoral rolls, the requirements as to residence in a constituency, the determination of objections pertaining to and the commencement of electoral rolls; **(d)** the conduct of elections and election petitions; the decision of doubts and disputes arising in connection with elections; **(e)** matters relating to corrupt practices and other offences in connection with elections; and **(f)** all other matters necessary for the due constitution of the two Houses [^773][][^773][^774][,][^774] the Provincial Assemblies [^775][and local governments][^775]; but no such law shall have the effect of taking away or abridging any of the powers of the Commissioner or [^776][the][^776] Election Commission under this Part. ### 223. Bar against double membership **(1)** No person shall, at the same time, be a member of, **(a)** both Houses; or **(b)** a House and a Provincial Assembly; or **(c)** the Assemblies of two or more Provinces; or **(d)** a House or a Provincial Assembly in respect of more than one seat. **(2)** Nothing in clause (1) shall prevent a person from being a candidate for two or more seats at the same time, whether in the same body or in different bodies, but if he is elected to more than one seat he shall, within a period of thirty days after the declaration of the result for the last such seat, resign all but one of his seats, and if he does not so resign, all the seats to which he has been elected shall become vacant at the expiration of the said period of thirty days except the seat to which he has been elected last or, if he has been elected to more than one seat on the same day, the seat for election to which his nomination was filed last. > Explanation:- In this clause, "body" means either House or a Provincial Assembly. **(3)** A person to whom clause (2) applies shall not take a seat in either House or the Provincial Assembly to which he has been elected until he has resigned all but one of his seats. **(4)** Subject to clause (2), if a member of either House or of a Provincial Assembly becomes a candidate for a second seat which, in accordance with clause (1), he may not hold concurrently with his first seat, then his first seat shall become vacant as soon as he is elected to the second seat. ### 224. Time of election and by-election [^777][ **(1)** A general election to the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly shall be held within a period of sixty days immediately following the day on which the day on which the term of the Assembly is due to expire, unless the Assembly has been sooner dissolved, and the results of the election shall be declared not later than fourteen days before that day. ][^777][^781][ **(1A)** On dissolution of the Assembly on completion of its term, or in case it is dissolved under Article 58 or Article 112, the President, or the Governor, as the case may be, shall appoint a care-taker Cabinet: > **Provided** that the care-taker Prime Minister shall be [^782][appointed][^782] by the President in consultation with the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition in the outgoing National Assembly, and a care-taker Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor in consultation with the Chief Minister and the Leader of the Opposition in the outgoing Provincial Assmembly: > [^783][**Provided** further that if the Prime Minister or a Chief Minister and their respective Leader of the Opposition do not agree on any person to be appointed as a care-taker Prime Minister or the care-taker Chief Minister, as the case may be, the provisions of Article 224A shall be followed:][^783] > **Provided** [^784][also][^784] that the Members of the Federal and Pronvicial care-taker Cabinets shall be appointed on the advice of the care-taker Prime Minister or the care-taker Chief Minister, as the case may be. **(1B)** Members of the care-taker Cabinets including the care-taker Prime Minister and the care-taker Chief Minister and their immediate family members shall not be eligible to contest the immediately following elections to such Assemblies. > Explanation:- In this clause "immediate family members" means spouse and children. ][^781] **(2)** When the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly is dissolved, a general election to the Assembly shall be held within a period of ninety days after the dissolution, and the results of the election shall be declared not later than fourteen days after the conclusion of the polls. **(3)** An election to fill the seats in the Senate which are to become vacant on the expiration of the term of the members of the Senate shall be held not earlier than thirty days immediately preceding the day on which the vacancies are due to occur. **(4)** When, except by dissolution of the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly, a [^785][][^785] seat in any such Assembly has become vacant not later than one hundred and twenty days before the term of that Assembly is due to expire, an election to fill the seat shall be held within sixty days from the occurrence of the vacancy. **(5)** When a seat in the Senate has become vacant, an election to fill the seat shall be held within thirty days from the occurrence of the vacancy. [^787][][^787][^789][ **(6)** When a seat reserved for women or non-Muslims in the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly falls vacant, on account of death, resignation or disqualification of a member, it shall be filled by the next person in order of precedence from the party list of the candidates to be submitted to the Election Commission by the political party whose member has vacated such seat[^790][:][^790] > [^791][**Provided** that if at any time the party list is exhausted, the concerned political party may submit a name for any vacancy which may occur thereafter. ][^791] ][^789] [^792] ### 224A. Resolution by Committee or Election Commission **(1)** In case the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition in the outgoing National Assembly do not agree on any person to be appointed as the care-taker Prime Minister, within three days of the dissolution of the National Assembly, they shall forward two nominees each to a Committee to be immediately constituted by the Speaker of the National Assembly, comprising eight members of the outgoing National Assembly, or the Senate, or both, having equal representation from the Treasury and the Opposition, to be nominated by the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition respectively. **(2)** In case a Chief Minister and the Leader of the Opposition in the outgoing Provincial Assembly do not agree on any person to be appointed as the care-taker Chief Minister, within three days of the dissolution of that Assembly, they shall forward two nominees each to a Committee to be immediately constituted by the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly, comprising six members of the outgoing Provincial Assembly having equal representation from the Treasury and the Opposition, to be nominated by the Chief Minister and the Leader of the Opposition respectively. **(3)** The Committee constituted under clause (1) or (2) shall finalize the name of the care-taker Prime Minister or care-taker Chief Minister, as the case may be, within three days of the referral of the matter to it: > **Provided** that in case of inability of the Committee to decide the matter in the aforesaid period, the names of the nominees shall be referred to the Election Commission of Pakistan for final decision within two days. **(4)** The incumbent Prime Minister and the incumbent Chief Minister shall continue to hold office till appointment of the care-taker Prime Minister and the care-taker Chief Minister, as the case may be. **(5)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clauses (1) and (2), if the members of the Opposition are less than five in the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and less than four in any Provincial Assembly, then all of them shall be members of the Committee mentioned in the aforesaid clauses and the Committee shall be deemed to be duly constituted. [^792] ### 225. Election dispute No election to a House or a Provincial Assembly shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such tribunal and in such manner as may be determined by Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament). [^793] ### 226. Election by secret ballot.- All elections under the Constitution, other than those of the Prime Minister and the Chief Minister, shall be by secret ballot. [^793] ## Part IX Islamic Provisions ### 227. Provisions relating to the Holy Qur'an and Sunnah **(1)** All existing laws shall be brought in conformity with the Injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah, in this Part referred to as the Injunctions of Islam, and no law shall be enacted which is repugnant to such Injunctions. > [^795][Explanation:- In the application of this clause to the personal law of any Muslim sect, the expression "Quran and Sunnah" shall mean the Quran and Sunnah as interpreted by that sect.][^795] **(2)** Effect shall be given to the provisions of clause (1) only in the manner provided in this Part. **(3)** Nothing in this Part shall affect the personal laws of non-Muslim citizens or their status as citizens. ### 228. Composition, etc. of Islamic Council **(1)** There shall be [^796] constituted within a period of ninety days from the commencing day a Council of Islamic Ideology, in this part referred to as the Islamic Council. **(2)** The Islamic Council shall consist of such members, being not less than eight and not more than [^797][twenty][^797], as the President may appoint from amongst persons having knowledge of the principles and philosophy of Islam as enunciated in the Holy Quran and Sunnah, or understanding of the economic, political, legal or administrative problems of Pakistan. **(3)** While appointing members of the Islamic Council the President shall ensure that: **(a)** so far as practicable various schools of thought are represented in the Council; **(b)** not less than two of the members are persons each of whom is, or has been, a Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court; **(c)** not less than [^798][one-third][^798] of the members are persons each of whom has been engaged, for a period of not less than fifteen years, in Islamic research or instruction; and (d) at least one member is a woman. [^799][ **(4)** The President shall appoint one of the members of the Islamic Council to be the Chairman thereof. ][^799] **(5)** Subject to clause (6) a member of the Islamic Council shall hold office for a period of three years. **(6)** A member may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office or may be removed by the President upon the passing of a resolution for his removal by a majority of the total membership of the Islamic Council. ### 229. Reference by [^800][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^800], etc. to Islamic Council The President or the Governor of a Province may, or if [^801][one-fourth][^801] of its total membership so requires, a House or a Provincial Assembly shall, refer to the Islamic Council for advice any question as to whether a proposed law is or is not repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam. ### 230. Functions of Islamic Council **(1)** The functions of the Islamic Council shall be, **(a)** to make recommendations to [^802][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^802] and the Provincial Assemblies as to the ways and means of enabling and encouraging the Muslims of Pakistan to order their lives individually and collectively in all respects in accordance with the principles and concepts of Islam as enunciated in the Holy Quran and Sunnah; **(b)** to advise a House, a Provincial Assembly, the President or a Governor on any question referred to the Council as to whether a proposed law is or is not repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam; **(c)** to make recommendations as to the measures for bringing existing laws into conformity with the Injunctions of Islam and the stages by which such measures should be brought into effect; and **(d)** to compile in a suitable form, for the guidance of [^803][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^803] and the Provincial Assemblies, such Injunctions of Islam as can be given legislative effect. **(2)** When, under Article 229, a question is referred by a House, a Provincial Assembly, the President or a Governor to the Islamic Council, the Council shall, within fifteen days thereof, inform the House, the Assembly, the President or the Governor, as the case may be, of the period within which the Council expects to be able to furnish that advice. **(3)** Where a House, a Provincial Assembly, the President or the Governor, as the case may be, considers that, in the public interest, the making of the proposed law in relation to which the question arose should not be postponed until the advice of the Islamic Council is furnished, the law may be made before the advice is furnished: > **Provided** that, where a law is referred for advice to the Islamic Council and the Council advises that the law is repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam, the House or, as the case may be, the Provincial Assembly, the President or the Governor shall reconsider the law so made. **(4)** The Islamic Council shall submit its final report within seven years of its appointment, and shall submit an annual interim report. The report, whether interim or final, shall be laid for discussion before both Houses and each Provincial Assembly within six months of its receipt, and Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and the Assembly, after considering the report, shall enact laws in respect thereof within a period of two years of the final report[^804][:][^804] > [^805][**Provided** that the final report shall be considered within twelve months after it has been laid.][^805] ### 231. Rules of procedure The proceedings of the Islamic Council shall be regulated by rules of [^806] procedure to be made by the Council with approval of the President. ## Part X Emergency Provisions ### 232. Proclamation of emergency on account of war, internal disturbance, etc **(1)** If the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists in which the security of Pakistan, or any part thereof, is threatened by war or external aggression, or by internal disturbance beyond the power of a Provincial Government to control, he may issue a Proclamation of Emergency[^807][:][^807] > [^808][**Provided** that for imposition of emergency due to internal disturbances beyond the powers of a Provincial Government to control, a Resolution from the Provincial Assembly of that Province shall be required: > **Provided** further that if the President acts on his own, the Proclamation of Emergency shall be placed before both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) for approval by each House within ten days. ][^808] **(2)** Notwithstanding anything in the Constitution, while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, [^809][ **(a)** Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall have power to make laws for a Province, or any part thereof, with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Federal Legislative List or the Concurrent Legislative List; ][^809] **(b)** the executive authority of the Federation shall extend to the giving of directions to a Province as to the manner in which the executive authority of the Province is to be exercised, and **(c)** the Federal Government may by [^810] Order assume to itself, or direct the Governor of a Province to assume on behalf of the Federal Government, all or any of the functions of the Government of the Province, and all or any of the powers vested in, or exercisable by, any body or authority in the Province other than the Provincial Assembly, and make such incidental and consequential provisions as appear to the Federal Government to be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the objects of the Proclamation, including provisions for suspending, in whole or in part, the operation of any provisions of the Constitution relating to any body or authority in the province: > **Provided** that nothing in paragraph (c) shall authorize the Federal Government to assume to itself, or direct the Governor of the Province to assume on its behalf, any of the powers vested in or exercisable by a High Court, or to suspend either in whole or in part the operation of any provisions of the Constitution relating to High Courts. **(3)** The power of [^811][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^811] to make laws for a Province with respect to any matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorizing the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties upon the Federation, or officers and authorities of the Federation, as respects that matter. **(4)** Nothing in this Article shall restrict the power of a Provincial Assembly to make any law which under the Constitution it has power to make but if any provision of a Provincial law is repugnant to any provision of an Act of [^812][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^812] which [^813][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^813] has under this Article power to make, the Act of [^814][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^814], whether passed before or after the Provincial law, shall prevail and the Provincial law shall, to the extent of the repugnancy, but so long only as the Act of [^815][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^815] continues to have effect, be void. **(5)** A law made by [^816][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^816], which [^817][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^817] would not but for the issue of a Proclamation of Emergency have been competent to make, shall, to the extent of the incompetency, cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of six months after the Proclamation of Emergency has ceased to be in force, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the expiration of the said period. **(6)** While a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, [^818][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^818] may by law extend the term of the National Assembly for a period not exceeding one year and not extending in any case beyond a period of six months after the Proclamation has ceased to be in force. **(7)** A Proclamation of Emergency shall be laid before a joint sitting which shall be summoned by the President to meet within thirty days of the Proclamation being issued and, **(a)** shall cease to be in force at the expiration of two months unless before the expiration of that period it has been approved by a resolution of the joint sitting; and [^819][ **(b)** shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph (a), cease to be in force upon a resolution disapproving the Proclamation being passed by the votes of the majority of the total memberships of the two Houses in joint sitting. ][^819] **(8)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (7), if the National Assembly stands dissolved at the time when a Proclamation of Emergency is issued, the Proclamation shall continue in force for a period of four months but, if a general election to the Assembly is not held before the expiration of that period, it shall cease to be in force at the expiration of that period unless it has earlier been approved by a resolution of the Senate. ### 233. Power to suspend Fundamental Rights, etc., during emergency period **(1)** Nothing contained in Articles 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 24 shall, while a proclamation of Emergency is in force, restrict the power of the State as defined in Article 7 to make any law or to take any executive action which it would, but for the provisions in the said Articles, be competent to make or to take, but any law so made shall to the extent of the incompetency, cease to have effect, and shall be deemed to have been repealed, at the time when the Proclamation is revoked or has ceased to be in force. **(2)** While a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, the President may, by [^821] Order, declare that the right to move any Court for the enforcement of such of the Fundamental Rights conferred by Chapter 1 of Part II as may be specified in the Order, and any proceeding in any Court which is for the enforcement, or involves the determination of any question as to the infringement, of any of the Rights so specified, shall remain suspended for the period during which the Proclamation is in force, and any such Order may be made in respect of the whole or any part of Pakistan. **(3)** Every Order made under this Article shall, as soon as may be, be laid before [^822][both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) separately][^822] for approval and the provisions of clauses (7) and (8) of Article 232 shall apply to such an Order as they apply to a Proclamation of Emergency. ### 234. Power to issue Proclamation in case of failure of constitutional machinery in a Province **(1)** If the President, on receipt of a report from the Governor of a Province[^824][][^824], is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Province cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the President may, or if a resolution in this behalf is passed [^825][by each House separately][^825] shall, by Proclamation, **(a)** assume to himself, or direct the Governor of the Province to assume on behalf of the President, all or any of the functions of the Government of the Province, and all or any of the powers vested in, or exercisable by, any body or authority in the Province, other than the Provincial Assembly; **(b)** declare that the powers of the Provincial Assembly shall be exercisable by, or under the authority of, [^826][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^826]; and **(c)** make such incidental and consequential provisions as appear to the President to be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the objects of the Proclamation, including provisions for suspending in whole or in part the operation of any provisions of the Constitution relating to any body or authority in the Province: > **Provided** that nothing in this Article shall authorize the President to assume to himself, or direct the Governor of the Province to assume on his behalf, any of the powers vested in, or exercisable by, a High Court, or to suspend either in whole or in part the operation of any provisions of the Constitution relating to High Courts. **(2)** The Provisions of Article 105 shall not apply to the discharge by the Governor of his functions under clause (1). **(3)** A Proclamation issued under this Article shall be laid before a joint sitting and shall cease to be in force at the expiration of two months, unless before the expiration of that period it has been approved by resolution of the joint sitting and may by like resolution be extended for a further period not exceeding two months at a time; but no such Proclamation shall in any case remain in force for more than six months. **(4)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (3), if the National Assembly stands dissolved at the time when a Proclamation is issued under this Article, the Proclamation shall continue in force for a period of three months but, if a general election to the Assembly is not held before the expiration or that period, it shall cease to be in force at the expiration of that period unless it has earlier been approved by a resolution of the Senate. **(5)** Where by a Proclamation issued under this Article it has been declared that the powers of the Provincial Assembly shall be exercisable by or under the authority of [^827][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^827], it shall be competent- **(a)** to [^828][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^828] in joint sitting to confer on the President the power to make laws with respect to any matter within the legislative competence of the Provincial Assembly; **(b)** to [^829][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^829] in joint sitting, or the President, when he is empowered under paragraph (a), to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorizing the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the Federation, or officers and authorities thereof; **(c)** to the President, when [^830][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^830] is not in session, to authorize expenditure from the Provincial Consolidated Fund, whether the expenditure is charged by the Constitution upon that fund or not, pending the sanction of such expenditure by [^831][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^831] in joint sitting; and **(d)** to [^832][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^832] in joint sitting by resolution to sanction expenditure authorized by the President under paragraph (c). **(6)** Any law made by [^833][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^833] or the President which [^834][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^834] or the President would not, but for the issue of a Proclamation under this Article, have been competent to make, shall, to the extent of the incompetency, cease to have affect on the expiration of a period of six months after the Proclamation under this Article has ceased to be in force, except as to things done or omitted to be done before the expiration of the said period. ### 235. Proclamation in case of financial emergency **(1)** If the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen whereby the economic life, financial stability or credit of Pakistan, or any part thereof, is threatened, he may, after consultation with the Governors of the Provinces or, as the case may be, the Governor of the Province concerned, by Proclamation make a declaration to that effect, and while such a Proclamation is in force, the executive authority of the Federation shall extend to the giving of directions to any Province to observe such principles of financial propriety as may be specified in the directions, and to the giving of such other directions as the President may deem necessary in the interest of the economic life, financial stability or credit of Pakistan or any part thereof. **(2)** Notwithstanding anything in the Constitution, any such directions may include a provision requiring a reduction of the salary and allowances of all or any class of persons serving in connection with the affairs of the Province. **(3)** While a Proclamation issued under this Article is in force the President may issue directions for the reduction of the salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons serving in connection with the affairs of the Federation. **(4)** The provisions of clauses (3) and (4) of Article 234 shall apply to a Proclamation issued under this Article as they apply to a Proclamation issued under that Article. ### 236. Revocation of Proclamation, etc **(1)** A Proclamation issued under this part may be varied or revoked by a subsequent Proclamation. **(2)** The validity of any Proclamation issued or Order made under this Part shall not be called in question in any court. ### 237. [^835][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^835] may make laws of indemnity, etc Nothing in the Constitution shall prevent [^836][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^836] from making any law indemnifying any person in the service of the Federal Government or a Provincial Government, or any other person, in respect of any act done in connection with the maintenance or restoration of order in any area in Pakistan. ## Part XI Amendment of Constitution ### 238. Amendment of Constitution Subject to this Part, the Constitution may be amended by Act of [^837][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^837]. [^838] ### 239. Constitution Amendment Bill **(1)** A Bill to amend the Constitution may originate in either House and, when the Bill has been passed by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House, it shall be transmitted to the other House. **(2)** If the Bill is passed without amendment by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House to which it is transmitted under clause (1), it shall, subject to the provisions of clause (4), be presented to the President for assent. **(3)** If the Bill is passed with amendment by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House to which it is transmitted under clause (1), it shall be reconsidered by the House in which it had originated, and if the Bill as amended by the former House is passed by the latter by the votes of not less than two-thirds of its total membership it shall, subject to the provisions of clause (4), be presented to the President for assent. **(4)** A Bill to amend the Constitution which would have the effect of altering the limits of a Province shall not be presented to the President for assent unless it has been passed by the Provincial Assembly of that Province by the votes of not less than two-thirds of its total membership. [^839][ **(5)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution and any judgment of any court, no court shall have jurisdiction to call in question any amendment to the Constitution on any ground whatsoever. ][^839] **(6)** For the removal of doubt, it is hereby declared that there is no limitation whatever on the power of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) to amend any of the provisions of the Constitution. [^838] ## Part XII Miscellaneous ## Chapter 1 Services ### 240. Appointment to service of Pakistan and conditions of service Subject to the Constitution, the appointments to and the conditions of service of persons in the service of Pakistan shall be determined- **(a)** in the case of the services of the Federation, posts in connection with the affairs of the Federation and All- Pakistan Services, by or under Act of [^841][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^841]; and **(b)** in the case of the services of a Province and posts in connection with the affairs of a Province, by or under Act of the Provincial Assembly. > Explanation.- In this Article, "All-Pakistan Service" means a service common to the Federation and the Provinces, which was in existence immediately before the commencing day or which may be created by Act of [^842][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^842]. ### 241. Existing rules, etc., to continue Until the appropriate Legislature makes a law under Article 240, all rules and orders in force immediately before the commencing day shall, so far as consistent with the provisions of the Constitution, continue in force and may be amended from time to time by the Federal Government or, as the case may be, the Provincial Government. ### 242. Public Service Commission **(1)** [^843][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^843] in relation to the affairs of the Federation, and the Provincial Assembly of a Province in relation to affairs of a Province, may, by law, provide for the establishment and constitution of a Public Service Commission. [^844][ **(1A)** The Chairman of the Public Service Commission constituted in relation to the affairs of the Federation shall be appointed by the President [^845][on the advice of the Prime Minister][^845]. ][^844][^846][ **(1B)** The Chairman of the Public Service Commission constituted in relation to affairs of a Province shall be appointed by the Governor on advice of the Chief Minister. ][^846] **(2)** A Public Service Commission shall perform such functions as may be prescribed by law. ## Chapter 2 Armed Forces [^847] ### 243. Command of Armed Forces.- **(1)** The Federal Government shall have control and command of the Armed Forces. **(2)** Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces shall vest in the President. **(3)** The President shall subject to law, have power- **(a)** to raise and maintain the Military, Naval and Air Forces of Pakistan; and the Reserves of such Forces; and **(b)** to grant Commissions in such Forces. [^848][ **(4)** The President shall, on advice of the Prime Minister, appoint- **(a)** the Chief of the Army Staff concurrently the Chief of the Defense Forces; **(b)** the Chief of the Naval Staff; and **(c)** the Chief of the Air Staff; and shall also determine their salaries and allowances. ][^848][^849][ **(5)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (4), the office of the chairman, Joint chiefs of staff committee shall stand abolished with effect from the twenty-seventh day of November two thousand and twenty-five. **(6)** The Prime Minister shall, on the recommendation of the chief of the Army staff concurrently the chief of the Defense Forces, appoint the Commander of the National Strategic Command from the members of Pakistan Army and shall also determine his salary and allowances. **(7)** Where the Federal Government promotes a member of the Armed Forces to the rank of Field Marshal, Marshal of the Air Force or Admiral of the Fleet, such officer shall retain the rank, privileges and remain in uniform for life. **(8)** Field Marshal, Marshal of the Air Force and Admiral of the Fleet, being national heroes, shall not be removed from office except on the ground or charges and in the manner provided under Article 47. **(9)** The provisions of Article 248, as applicable to the President, shall *mutatis mutandis* apply to Field Marshal, Marshal of the Air Force and Admiral of the Fleet. **(10)** Upon completion of the term of his command, under the law, the Federal Government shall determine the responsibilities and duties of Field Marshal, Marshal of the Air Force or Admiral of the Fleet in the interest of State. **(11)** The President shall, on advice of the Prime Minister, determine the salary, allowances and privileges of Field Marshal, Marshal of the Air Force and Admiral of the Fleet. ][^849] [^847] ### 244. Oath of Armed Forces Every member of the Armed Forces shall make oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. ### 245. Functions of Armed Forces [^856][(1)][^856] The Armed Forces shall, under the directions of the Federal Government, defend Pakistan against external aggression or threat of war, and, subject to law, act in aid of civil power when called upon to do so. [^857][ **(2)** The validity of any direction issued by the Federal Government under clause (1) shall not be called in question in any court. **(3)** A High Court shall not exercise any jurisdiction under Article 199 in relation to any area in which the Armed Forces of Pakistan are, for the time being, acting in aid of civil power in pursuance of Article 245: > **Provided** that this clause shall not be deemed to affect the jurisdiction of the High Court in respect of any proceeding pending immediately before the day on which the Armed Forces start acting in aid of civil power. **(4)** Any proceeding in relation to an area referred to in clause (3) instituted on or after the day the Armed Forces start acting in aid of civil power and pending in any High Court shall remain suspended for the period during which the Armed Forces are so acting. ][^857] ## Chapter 3 Tribal Areas ### 246. Tribal Areas In the Constitution, **(a)** "Tribal Areas" means the areas in Pakistan which, immediately before the commencing day, were Tribal Areas, and includes **(i)** the Tribal Areas of [^858][Balochistan][^858] and the [^859][Khyber Pakhtunkhwa][^859] Province; [^860][][^860] **(ii)** the former States of Amb, Chitral, Dir and Swat; [^861][][^861] **(b)** "Provincially Administered Tribal Areas" means **(i)** The districts of Chitral, Dir and Swat (which includes Kalam), [^863][the Tribal Area in Kohistan district,][^863] Malakand Protected Area, the Tribal Area adjoining [^864][Mansehra][^864] district and the former State of Amb; and **(ii)** Zhob district, Loralai district (excluding Duki Tehsil), Dalbandis Tehsil of Chagai District and Marri and Bugti tribal territories of Sibi district; [^865][][^865] **(c)** Federally Administered Tribal Areas includes **(i)** Tribal Areas adjoining Peshawar district; **(ii)** Tribal Areas adjoining Kohat district; **(iii)** Tribal Areas adjoining Bannu district; [^866][ **(iiia)** Tribal Areas adjoining Lakki Marwat District; ][^866] **(iv)** Tribal Areas adjoining Dera Ismail Khan district; [^867][ **(iva)** Tribal Areas adjoining Tank District; ][^867][^868][ **(v)** Bajaur Agency; **(va)** Orakzai Agency; ][^868] **(vi)** Mohmand Agency; **(vii)** Khyber Agency; **(viii)** Kurram Agency; **(ix)** North Waziristan Agency, and **(x)** South Waziristan Agency[^869][; and][^869] [^870][ **(d)** On the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2018, the areas mentioned in- **(i)** paragraph (b),- **(a)** in sub-paragraph (i), shall stand merged in the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; and **(b)** iin sub-paragraph (ii), shall stand merged in the Province of Balochistan; and **(ii)** paragraph (c), shall stand merged in the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. ][^870] [^871] [^871] ## Chapter 4 General ### 248. Protection to President, Governor, Minister, etc **(1)** [^876][Notwithstanding any judgment of any court, the][^876] President, a Governor, the Prime Minister, a Federal Minister, a Minister of State, the Chief Minister and a Provincial Minister shall not he answerable to any court for the exercise of powers and performance of functions of their respective offices or for any act done or purported to be done in the exercise of those powers and performance of those functions: > **Provided** that nothing in this clause shall be construed as restricting the right of any person to bring appropriate proceedings against the Federation or a Province. [^877][ **(2)** No criminal proceeedings whatsoever shall be initiated or continued against the President for his life and for a Governor during his term of office in any court. ][^877][^878][ **(3)** No process for arrest or imprisonment of the president for his life and for a Governor during his term of office, shall be issued from any court: > **Provided** that the provisions of clauses (2) and (3) shall not apply during the period the president holds a public office after he ceases to be the President. ][^878] **(4)** No civil proceedings in which relief is claimed against the President or a Governor shall be instituted during his term of office in respect of anything done by or not done by him in his personal capacity whether before or after he enters upon his office unless, at least sixty days before the proceedings are instituted, notice in writing has been delivered to him, or sent to him in the manner prescribed by law, stating the nature of the proceedings, the cause of action, the name, description and place of residence of the party by whom the proceedings are to be instituted and the relief which the party claims. ### 249. Legal proceedings **(1)** Any legal proceedings which, but for the Constitution, could have been brought by or against the Federation in respect of a matter which, immediately before the commencing day, was the responsibility of the Federation and has, under the Constitution, become the responsibility of a Province, shall be brought by or against the Province concerned; and if any such legal proceedings were pending in any court immediately before the commencing day then, in those proceedings, for the Federation the Province concerned shall, as from that day, be deemed to have been substituted. **(2)** Any legal proceedings which, but for the Constitution, could have been brought by or against a Province in respect of a matter which, immediately before the commencing day, was the responsibility of the Province and has under the Constitution become the responsibility of the Federation, shall be brought by or against the Federation; and if any such legal proceedings were pending in any court immediately before the commencing day then, in those proceedings, for the Province the Federation shall, as from that day, be deemed to have been substituted. ### 250. Salaries, allowances, etc., of the President, etc **(1)** Within two years from the commencing day, provision shall be made by law for determining the salaries, allowances and privileges of the President, the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and a member of the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly, the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and a member of the Senate, the Prime Minister, a Federal Minister, a Minister of State, [^879][][^879] a Chief Minister, a Provincial Minister and the Chief Election Commissioner. **(2)** Until other provision is made by law, **(a)** the salaries, allowances and privileges of the President, the Speaker or Deputy Speaker or a member of the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly, a Federal Minister, a Minister of a State, a Chief Minister, a Provincial Minister and the Chief Election Commissioner shall be the same as the salaries, allowances and privileges to which the President, the Speaker or Deputy Speaker or member of the National Assembly of Pakistan or a Provincial Assembly, a Federal Minister, a Minister of State, [^880][][^880] a Chief Minister, a Provincial Minister or, as the case may be, the Chief Election Commissioner was entitled immediately before the commencing day; and **(b)** the salaries, allowances and privileges of the Chairman, the Deputy Chairman, the Prime Minister and a member of the Senate shall be such as the President may by Order determine. **(3)** The salary, allowances and privileges of a person holding office as **(a)** the President; **(b)** the Chairman or Deputy Chairman; **(c)** the Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly; **(d)** a Governor; **(e)** the Chief Election Commissioner; or **(f)** the Auditor-General; shall not be varied to his disadvantage during his term of office. **(4)** At any time when the Chairman or Speaker is acting as President, he shall be entitled to the same salary, allowances and privileges as President but shall not exercise any of the functions of the office of Chairman or Speaker member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), or be entitled to salary, allowances or privileges as Chairman, Speaker or such a member. ### 251. National language **(1)** The National language of Pakistan is Urdu, and arrangements shall be made for its being used for official and other purposes within fifteen years from the commencing day. **(2)** Subject to clause (1), the English language may be used for official purposes until arrangements are made for its replacement by Urdu. **(3)** Without prejudice to the status of the National language, a Provincial Assembly may by law prescribe measures for the leaching, promotion and use of a Provincial language in addition to the National language. ### 252. Special provisions in relation to major ports and aerodromes **(1)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution or in any law, the President may, by public notification, direct that, for a period not exceeding three months from a specified date, a specified law, whether a Federal law or a Provincial law, shall not apply to a specified major port or major aerodrome, or shall apply to a specified major port or major aerodrome subject to specified exceptions or modifications. **(2)** The giving of a direction under this Article in relation to any law shall not affect the operation of the law prior to the date specified in the direction. ### 253. Maximum limits as to property, etc **(1)** [^881][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^881] may by law **(a)** prescribe the maximum limits as to property or any class thereof which may be owned, held, possessed or controlled by any person; and **(b)** declare that any trade, business, industry or service specified in such law shall be carried on or owned, to the exclusion complete or partial, of other persons, by the Federal Government or a Provincial Government, or by a corporation controlled by any such Government. **(2)** Any law which permits a person to own beneficially or possess beneficially an area of land greater than that which, immediately before the commencing day, he could have lawfully owned beneficially or possessed beneficially shall be invalid. ### 254. Failure to comply with requirement as to time does not render an act invalid When any act or thing is required by the Constitution to be done within a particular period and it is not done within that period, the doing of the act or thing shall not be invalid or otherwise ineffective by reason only that it was not done within that period. ### 255. Oath of office **(1)** An oath required to be made by a person under the Constitution shall [^882][preferably be made in Urdu or][^882] a language that is understood by that person. **(2)** Where, under the Constitution, an oath is required to be made before a specified person and, for any reason, it is impracticable for the oath to be made before that person, it may be made before such other person as may be nominated by [^883][the Chief Justice of a High Court, in case of a Province and by the Chief Justice of Pakistan, in all other cases][^883]. **(3)** Where, under the Constitution, a person is required to make an oath before he enters upon an office, he shall be deemed to have entered upon the office on the day on which he makes the oath. ### 256. Private armies forbidden No private organization capable of functioning as a military organization shall be formed, and any such organization shall be illegal. ### 257. Provision relating to the State of Jammu and Kashmir When the people of the State of Jammu and Kashmir decide to accede to Pakistan, the relationship between Pakistan and the State shall be determined in accordance with the wishes of the people of that State. ### 258. Government of territories outside Provinces Subject to the Constitution, until [^884][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^884] by law otherwise provides, the President may, by Order, make provisions for peace and good government of any part of Pakistan not forming part of a Province. ### 259. Awards **(1)** No citizen shall accept any title, honor or decoration from any foreign State except with the approval of the Federal Government. **(2)** No title, honor or decoration shall he conferred by the Federal Government or any Provincial Government on any citizen, but the President may award decorations in recognition of gallantry [^885][, meritorious service in the Armed Forces][^885], [^886][academic distinction or distinction in the field of sports [^887][, science, technology, medicine, arts or public service][^887]][^886], as provided by Federal law. **(3)** All titles, honors and decorations awarded to citizens by any authority in Pakistan before the commencing day otherwise than in recognition of gallantry[^888][, meritorious service in the Armed Forces][^888], or academic distinction shall stand annulled. ## Chapter 5 Interpretation ### 260. Definitions **(1)** In the Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meaning hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say, "Act of [^889][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^889]" means an Act passed by [^890][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^890] or the National Assembly and assented to, or deemed to have been assented to, by the President; "Act of Provincial Assembly" means an Act passed by the Provincial Assembly of a Province and assented to, or deemed to have been assented to, by the Governor; "agricultural income" means agricultural income as defined for the purpose of the law relating to income tax; "Article" means Article of the Constitution; "borrows" includes the raising of money by the grant of annuities, and "loans" shall be construed accordingly; "Chairman" means the Chairman of the Senate and, except in Article 49, includes a person acting as Chairman of the Senate; [^891][ "Chief Justice", in relation to the [^892][Federal Constitutional Court or the][^892] Supreme Court or a High Court, includes the Judge for the time being acting as Chief Justice of the Court; ][^891][^893][ "Chief Justice of Pakistan" means the senior amongst the Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court and the Chief Justice of Supreme Court; ][^893] "citizen" means a citizen of Pakistan as defined by law; "clause" means clause of the Article in which it occurs; [^894][][^894] "corporation tax" means any tax or income that is payable by companies and in respect of which the following conditions apply: **(a)** the tax is not chargeable in respect of agricultural income; **(b)** no deduction in respect of the tax paid by companies is, by any law which may apply to the tax, authorized to be made from dividends payable by the companies to individuals; **(c)** no provision exists for taking the tax so paid into account in computing for the purposes of income tax the total income of individual receiving such dividends, or in computing the income tax payable by, or refundable to, such individuals; "debt" includes any liability in respect of any obligation to repay capital sums by way of annuities and any liability under any guarantee, and "debt charges" shall be construed accordingly; "estate duty" means a duty assessed on, or by reference to, the value of property passing upon death; "existing laws" has the same meaning as in clause (7) of Article 268; "Federal laws" means a law made by or under the authority of [^896][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^896]; "financial year" means a year commencing on the first day of July; "goods" includes all materials, commodities and articles; "Governor" means the Governor of a Province and includes any person for the time being acting as the Governor of a Province; "guarantee" includes any obligation undertaken before the commencing day to make payments in the event of the profits of an undertaking falling short of a specified amount; "House" means the Senate or the National Assembly; "Joint sitting" means a joint sitting of the two Houses; "Judge" in relation to the [^897][Federal Constitutional Court or the][^897] Supreme Court or a High Court, includes the Chief Justice of the Court and also includes- [^898][ **(a)** in relation to the Federal Constitutional Court, a person who is acting as a Judge of the Court; ][^898] [^899][(b)][^899] in relation to the Supreme Court, a person who is acting as a Judge of the Court; and [^900][(c)][^900] in relation to the High Court, a person who is an Additional Judge of the Court; "members of the Armed Forces" does not include persons who are not, for the time being, subject to any law relating of the members of the Armed Forces; "net proceeds" means, in relation to any tax or duty, the proceeds thereof, reduced by the cost of collection, as ascertained and certified by the Auditor-General; "oath" includes affirmation; "Part" means Part of the Constitution; "pension" means a pension, whether contributory or not, of any kind whatsoever payable to, or in respect of, any person and includes retired pay so payable, a gratuity so payable, and any sum or sums so payable by way of the return, with or without interest thereon or any addition thereto, of subscriptions to a provident fund; "person" includes any body politic or corporals; "President" means the President of Pakistan and includes a person for the time being acting as, or performing the functions of, the President of Pakistan and, as respects anything required to be done under the Constitution before the commencing day, the President under the Interim Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan; "Property" includes any right, title or interest in property, movable or immovable, and any means and instruments of production; "Provincial law" means a law made by or under the authority of the Provincial Assembly; "remuneration" includes salary and pension; "Schedule" means Schedule to the Constitution; "security of Pakistan" includes the safety, welfare, stability and integrity of Pakistan and of each part of Pakistan, but shall not include public safety as such; "Service of Pakistan" means any service, post or office in connection with the affairs of the Federation or of a Province, and includes an All-Pakistan Service, service in the Armed Forces and any other service declared to be a service of Pakistan by or under Act of [^901][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^901] or of a Provincial Assembly, but does not include service as [^902][President][^902] Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Chairman, Deputy Chairman, Prime Minister, Federal Minister, Minister of State, Chief Minister, Provincial Minister[^903][, Attorney-General, [^904][Advocate-General,][^904] Parliamentary Secretary][^903][^905][, Chairman or member of a Law Commission, Chairman or member of the Council of Islamic Ideology, Special Assistant to the Prime Minister, Adviser to the Prime Minister, Special Assistant to Chief Minister, Adviser to a Chief Minister][^905] or member of a House or a Provincial Assembly; "Speaker" means the Speaker of the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly, and includes any person acting as the Speaker of the Assembly; "taxation" includes the imposition of any tax or duty, whether general, local or special, and "tax" shall be construed accordingly; "tax on income" includes a tax in the nature of an excess profits tax or a business profits tax [^906][ "technocrat" means a person who has sixteen years of education and fifteen years of experience in his field. ][^906] **(2)** In the Constitution "Act of [^907][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^907]" or "Federal law" or "Act of Provincial Assembly" or "Provincial law" shall include an Ordinance promulgated by the President or, as the case may be, a Governor. [^908][ **(3)** In the Constitution and all enactments and other legal instruments, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context **(a)** "Muslim" means a person who believes in the unity and oneness of Almighty Allah, in the absolute and unqualified finality of the Prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him), the last of the prophets, and does not believe in, or recognize as a prophet or religious reformer, any person who claimed or claims to be a prophet, in any sense of the word or of any description whatsoever, after Muhammad (peace be upon him); and **(b)** "non-Muslim" means a person who is not a Muslim and includes a person belonging to the Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist or Parsi community, a person of the Quadiani Group or the Lahori Group who call themselves 'Ahmadis' or by any other name or a Bahai, and a person belonging to any of the Scheduled Castes. ][^908] ### 261. Person acting in office not to be regarded as successor to previous occupant or office, etc For the purposes of the Constitution, a person who acts an office shall not be regarded as the successor to the person who held that office before him or as the predecessor to the person who holds that office after him. ### 262. Gregorian calendar to be used (1) For the purpose of the Constitution, period of time shall be reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. ### 263. Gender and number (1) In the Constitution, **(a)** words importing the masculine gender shall be taken to include females; and **(b)** words in the singular shall include the plural, and words in the plural shall include the singular. ### 264. Effect or repeal of laws Where a law is repealed or is deemed to have been repealed, by, under, or by virtue of the Constitution, the repeal shall not except as otherwise provided in the constitution, **(a)** revive anything not in force or existing at the time at which the repeal takes effect; **(b)** affect the previous operation of the law or anything duly done or suffered under the law; **(c)** affect any right, privilege, obligation or liability acquired, accrued or incurred under the law; **(d)** affect any penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred in respect of any offence committed against the law; or **(e)** affect any investigation legal proceeding or remedy in respect of any such right, privilege, obligation, liability, penalty, forfeiture or punishment; and any such investigation, legal proceeding or remedy may be instituted, continued or enforced, and any such penalty, forfeiture or punishment may he imposed, as if the law had not been repealed. ## Chapter 6 Title, Commencement and Repeal ### 265. Title of Constitution and commencement **(1)** This Constitution shall be known as the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. **(2)** Subject to clauses (3) and (4), the Constitution shall come into force on the fourteenth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and seventy three or on such earlier day as the President may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint, in the Constitution referred to as the "commencing day." **(3)** The Constitution shall, to the extent necessary **(a)** for the constitution of the first Senate; **(b)** for the first meeting of a House or a joint sitting to be held; **(c)** for the election of the President and the Prime Minister to be held; and **(d)** to enable any other thing to be done which, for the purposes of the Constitution, it is necessary to do before the commencing day, come into force upon the enactment of the Constitution, but the person elected as President or Prime Minister shall not enter upon his office before the commencing day. **(4)** Where by the Constitution a power is conferred to make rules or to issue orders with respect to the enforcement of any provision thereof, or with respect to the establishment of any Court or office, or the appointment of any Judge or office thereunder, or with respect to the person by whom, or the time when, or the place where, or the manner in which, anything is to be done under any such provisions, then that power may be exercised at any time between the enactment of the Constitution and its commencement. ### 266. Repeal The Interim Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, together with the Acts and President's Orders making omissions from, additions to, modifications of, or amendments in, that Constitution is hereby repealed. ## Chapter 7 Transitional ### 267. Power of president to remove difficulties **(1)** At any time before the commencing day, or before the expiration of three months from the commencing day, the President may, for the purpose of removing any difficulties, or for bringing the provisions of the Constitution into effective operation, by Order, direct that the provisions of the Constitution shall, during such period as may be specified in the Order, have effect, subject to such adaptations, whether by way of modification, addition or omission, as he may deem to be necessary or expedient. **(2)** An Order made under clause (1) shall be laid before both Houses without undue delay, and shall remain in force until a resolution disapproving it is passed by each House or, in case of disagreement between the two Houses, until such resolution is passed at a joint sitting. [^910] ### 267A. Power to remove difficulties.- **(1)** If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, hereinafter in this Article referred as the Act, or for bringing the provisions of the Act into effective operation, the matter shall be laid before both Houses in a joint sitting which may by a resolution direct that the provisions of the Act shall, during such period as may be specified in the resolution, have effect, subject to such adaptations, whether by way of modification, addition or omission, as may be deemed necessary or expedient: > **Provided** that this power shall be available for a period of one year from the commencement of the Act. ### 267B. Removal of doubt.- For removal of doubt it is hereby declared that Article 152A omitted and Articles 179 and 195 substituted by the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (Act No. III of 2003), notwithstanding its repeal, shall be deemed to always to have been so omitted and substituted. [^910] ### 268. Continuance in force, and adaptation of certain laws **(1)** Except as provided by this Article, all existing laws shall, subject to the Constitution, continue in force, so far as applicable and with the necessary adaptations, until altered, repealed or amended by the appropriate Legislature. [^911][][^911] **(3)** For the purpose of bringing the provisions of any existing law into accord with the provisions of the Constitution (other than Part II of the Constitution), the President may by Order, within a period of two years from the commencing day, make such adaptation, whether by way of modification, addition or omission, as he may deem to be necessary or expedient, and any such Order may be made so as to have effect from such day, not being a day earlier than the commencing day, as may be specified in the Order. **(4)** The President may [^916] authorise the Governor of a Province to exercise, in relation to the Province, the powers conferred on the President by clause (3) in respect of laws relating to matters with respect to which the Provincial Assembly has power to make laws. **(5)** The powers exercisable under clauses (3) and (4) shall be subject to the provisions of an Act of the appropriate Legislature. **(6)** Any court, tribunal or authority required or empowered to enforce an existing law shall, notwithstanding that no adaptations have been made in such law by an Order made under clause (3) or clause (4), construe the law with all such adaptations as are necessary to bring it into accord with the provisions of the Constitution. **(7)** In this Article, "existing laws" means all laws (including Ordinances, Orders-in-Council, Orders, rules, by-laws, regulations and Letters Patent constituting a High Court, and any notifications and other legal instruments having the force of law) in force in Pakistan or any part thereof, or having extraterritorial validity, immediately before the commencing day. > Explanation:- In this Article, "in force", in relation to any law, means having effect as law whether or not the law has been brought into operation. ### 269. Validation of laws, acts, etc **(1)** All Proclamations, President's Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders and all other laws made between the twentieth day of December, one thousand nine hundred and seventy one and the twentieth day of April, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-two (both days inclusive), are hereby declared notwithstanding any judgment of any Court, to have been validly made by competent authority and shall not be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever. **(2)** All orders made, proceedings taken and acts done by any authority, or by any person, which were made, taken or done, or purported to have been made, taken or done, between the twentieth day of December, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-one, and the twentieth day of April, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-two (both days inclusive) in exercise of the powers derived from any President's Orders, Martial low Regulations, Martial Law Orders, enactments, notifications, rules, orders or by-laws, or in execution of any orders made or sentences passed by any authority in the exercise or purported exercise of powers as aforesaid, shall, notwithstanding any judgment of any count, be deemed to be and always to have been validly made, taken or done and shall not be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever. **(3)** No suit or other legal proceedings shall lie in any court against any authority or any person for or on account of or in respect of any order made, proceedings taken or act done whether in the exercise or purported exercise of the powers referred to in clause (2) or in execution of or in compliance with orders made or sentences passed in exercise or purported exercise of such powers. ### 270. Temporary validation of certain laws, etc **(1)** [^917][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^917] may by law made in the manner prescribed for legislations for a matter in Part I of the Federal Legislative List validate all Proclamations, President's Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders and other laws made between the twenty-fifth day of March, one thousand nine hundred and sixty- nine and the nineteenth day of December, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-one (both days inclusive). **(2)** Notwithstanding a judgment of any court, a law made by [^918][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^918] under clause (1) shall not be questioned in any court on any ground whatsoever. **(3)** Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (1), and a judgment of any court to the contrary, for a period of two years from the commencing day, the validity of all such instruments as are referred to in clause (1) shall not be called in question before any court on any ground whatsoever. **(4)** All orders made, proceedings taken and acts done by any authority, or any person, which were made, taken or done, or purported to have been made, taken or done, between the twenty- fifth day of March, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-nine and nineteenth day of December, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-one (both days inclusive), in exercise of powers derived from any President's Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders, enactments, notifications, rules, orders or by-laws, or in execution of any order made or sentence passed by any authority in the exercise or purported exercise of power as aforesaid shall, notwithstanding any judgment of any court, be deemed to be and always to have been validly made, taken or done, so however that any such order, proceeding or act may be declared invalid by [^919][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^919] at any time within a period of two years from the commencing day by resolution of both Houses, or in case of disagreement between the two Houses, by such resolution passed at a joint sitting and shall not be called in question before any court on any ground whatsoever. [^920] ### 270A. Affirmation of President's Orders, etc **(1)** The Proclamation of the fifth day of July, 1977, all President's Orders, Ordinances, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders, including the Referendum Order, 1984 (P. O. No. 11 of 1984), [^921][][^921] the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (P. O. No. 14 of 1985), the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order 1985 (P. O. No. 24 of 1985), and all other laws, made between the fifth day of July, 1977, and the date on which this Article comes into force are hereby affirmed, adopted and declared, notwithstanding any judgment of any court, to have been validly made by competent authority and, notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, shall not be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever: > **Provided** that a President's Order, Martial Law Regulation or Martial Law Order made after the thirtieth day of September, 1985, shall be confined only to making such provisions as facilitate, or are incidental to, the revocation of the Proclamation of the fifth day of July, 1977. **(2)** All order made, proceedings taken and acts done by any authority or by any person, which were made, taken or done, or purported to have been made, taken or done, between the fifth day of July, 1977, and the date on which this Article comes into force, in exercise of the powers derived from any Proclamation, President's Orders, Ordinances, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders, enactments, notifications, rules, orders or by- laws, or in execution of or in compliance with any order made or sentence passed by any authority in the exercise or purported exercise of powers as aforesaid, shall, notwithstanding any judgment of any court, be deemed to be and always to have been validly made, taken or done and shall not be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever. **(3)** All President's Orders, Ordinances, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders, enactments, notifications, rules, orders or by-laws in force immediately before the date on which this Article comes into force shall continue in force until altered, repealed or amended by competent authority. Explanation. In this clause, Competent authority means- **(a)** in respect of President's Orders, Ordinances, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders and enactments, the Legislature; and **(b)** in respect of notifications, rules orders and by-laws, the authority in which the power to made, alter, repeal or amend the same vests under the law. **(4)** No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie in any court against any authority or any person, for or on account of or in respect of any order made, proceedings taken or act done whether in the exercise or purported exercise of the powers referred to in clause (2) or in execution of or in compliance with orders made or sentences passed in exercise or purported exercise of such powers. **(5)** For the purposes of clauses (1), (2) and (4), all orders made, proceedings taken, acts done or purporting to be made, taken or done by any authority or person shall be deemed to have been made, taken or done in good faith and for the purpose intended to be served thereby. [^922][ **(6)** The laws referred to in clause (1) may be amended by the appropriate Legislature in the manner provided for amendment of such laws. ][^922] [^920] [^925] ****270AA.**** **Declaration and continuance of laws, etc-** **(1)** The Proclamation of Emergency of the fourteenth day of October, 1999, the Provisional Constitution Order No. 1 of 1999, the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2000 (No. 1 of 2000), Chief Executivce's Order No. 12 of 2002, Chief Executive's Order No. 19 of 2002, the amendments made in the Constitution through the Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), the Legal Framework (Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 29 of 2002) and Legal Framework (Second Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 32 of 2002), notwithstanding any judgment of any court including the Supreme Court or a High Court, are hereby declared as having been made without lawful authority and of no legal effect. **(2)** Except as provided in clause (1) and subject to the provisions of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, all laws including President's Orders, Acts, Ordinances, Chief Executive Orders, regulations, enactments, notifications, rules, orders or bye-laws made between the twelfth day of October, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine and the thirty-first day of October, two thousand and three (both days inclusive) and still in force shall, continue to be in force until altered, repealed or amended by the competent authority. > Explanation:- For the purposes of clause (2) and clause (6), "competent authority" means,- > > **(a)** in respect of Presidents' Orders, Ordinances, Chief Executive's Orders and all other laws, the appropriate Legislature; and > > **(b)** in respect of notifications, rules, orders and bye-laws, the authority in which the power to make, alter or amend the same vests under the law. **(3)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution or cluase (1), or judgment of any court including the Supreme Court or a High Court,- **(a)** Judges of the Supreme Court, High Cours and Federal Shariat Court who were holding the office of a Judge or were appointed as such, and had taken oath under the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2000 (I of 2000), shall be deemed to have continued to hold the office as a Judge or appointed as such, as the case may be, under the Constitution, and such continuance or appointment, shall have effect accordingly. **(b)** Judges of the Supreme Court, High Courts and Federal Shariat Court who not having been given or taken oath under the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2000, (I of 2000), and ceased to hold the office of a Judge shall, for the purposes of pensionary benefits only, be deemed to have continued to hold office under the Constitution till their date of superannuation. **(4)** All orders make, proceedings taken, appointments made, including secondments and deputations, and acts done by any authority, or by any person which were made, taken or done, or purported to have been made, taken or done, in exercise of the powers derived from any authority or laws mentioned in clause (2), or in execution of or in compliance with any orders made or sentences passed by any authority in the exercise or purpoted exercise of powers as aforesaid, shall, notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), be deemed to be valid and shall not be called in question in any court or forum on any ground whatsoever. **(5)** No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings, including writ petitions, shall lie in any court or forum against any authority or any person, for or on account of or in respect of any order made, proceedings taken or act done whether in the exercise or purported exercise of the powers referred to in clause (2) or clause (4) or in execution of or in compliance with orders made or sentences passed in exercise or purported exercise of such powers. **(6)** Notwithstanding omission of the Concurrent Legislative List by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, all laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in the said List (including Ordinances, Orders, rules, bye-laws, regulations and notifications and other legal instruments having the force of law) in force in Pakistan or any part thereof, or having extra-territorial operaiton, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, shall continue to remain in force until altered, repealed or amended be the competent authority. **(7)** Notiwthstanding anything contained in the Constitution, all taxes and fees levied under any law in force immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, shall continue to be levied until they are varied or abolished by an Act of the appropriate legislature. **(8)** On the omission of the Concurrent Legislative List, the process of devolution of the matters mentioned in the said List to the Provinces shall be completed by the thirtieth day of June, two thousand and eleven. **(9)** For purposes of the devolution process under clause (8), the Federal Government shall constitute an Implementation Commission as it may deem fit within fifteen days of the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010. [^925] ### 270B. Elections to be deemed to be held under Constitution Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the elections held under the Houses (of Parliament) and Provincial Assemblies (Elections) Order, 1977 [^928][and the Conduct of General elections, Order 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 7 of 2002),][^928][^929][][^929]to the Houses and the Provincial Assemblies shall be deemed to have been held under the Constitution and shall have effect accordingly. [^931] ****270BB.**** **General Elections 2008.-** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution or any other law for the time being in force, the General Elections 2008, to the National Assembly and the Provincial Assemblies held of the eighteenth day of February, two thousand and eight shall be deemed to have been held under the Constitution and shall have effect accordingly. [^931] [^932] [^932] ### 271. First National Assembly **(1)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, but subject to [^934][Article 63, ][^934] Article 64 and Article 223 :- [^935][ **(a) the** the first National Assembly shall consist of-: **(i)** persons who have taken oath in the National Assembly of Pakistan existing immediately before the commencing day, and **(ii)** the persons to be elected in accordance with law by the members of the Assembly to fill the seats referred to in clause (2A) of Article 51, and, unless sooner dissolved, shall continue until the fourteenth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-seven; and reference to "total membership" of the National Assembly in the Constitution shall be construed accordingly; ][^935] **(b)** the qualifications and disqualifications for being elected and being a member of the first National Assembly shall, except in case of members filling casual vacancies [^936][, or to be elected to the additional seats referred to in clause (2A) of Article 51, ][^936] after the commencing day, be the same as under the Interim Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: > **Provided** that no person holding an office of profit in the service of Pakistan shall continue to be a member of the first National Assembly after the expiration of three months from the commencing day. **(2)** If a person referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1) is, immediately before the commencing day, also a member of a Provincial Assembly, he shall not take a seat in the National Assembly or the Provincial Assembly until he resigns one of his seats. [^937][][^937] **(3)** A casual vacancy in a seat in the first National Assembly, including a vacancy in a seat in the National Assembly of Pakistan existing before the commencing day which was not filled before that day, caused by reason of death or resignation of a member or consequent upon his incurring a disqualification or ceasing to be a member as a result of the final decision of an election petition [^939][][^939]may be filled in the same manner in which it would have been filled before the commencing day. **(4)** A person referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1) shall not sit or vote in the National Assembly until he has made the oath prescribed by Article 65 and, if, without the leave of the Speaker of the National Assembly granted on reasonable cause shown, he fails to make the oath within twenty-one days from the day of the first meeting of the Assembly, his seat shall become vacant at the expiration of that period. ### 272. First [^941][Constitution of][^941]Senate [^942][][^942] Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, but subject to [^943][Article 63 and][^943] Article 223, **(a)** the Senate shall, until the first National Assembly under the Constitution continues in existence, consist of forty-five members and the provisions of Article 59 shall have effect as if, in paragraph (a) of clause (1) thereof, for the word "fourteen" the word "ten" and in paragraph (b) of that clause for the word "five" the word "three", were substituted, and reference to "total memberships" of the Senate in the Constitution shall be construed accordingly, **(b)** the members elected or chosen as members of the Senate shall be divided into two groups by drawing of lots, the first group consisting of five members from each Province, two members from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and one member from the Federal Capital and the second group consisting of five members from each Province one member from the said Areas and one member from the Federal Capital; **(c)** the term of office of members of the first group and of the second group shall respectively be two years and four years; **(d)** the term of office of persons elected or chosen to succeed the members of the Senate at the expiration of their respective terms shall be four years; **(e)** the term of office of a person elected or chosen to fill a casual vacancy shall be the unexpired term of the member whose vacancy he is elected or chosen to fill; **(f)** as soon as the first general election to the National Assembly is held, there shall be elected to the Senate four additional members from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas; and **(g)** the term of office of such half of the members elected under paragraph (f) as may be determined by drawing of lots shall be the unexpired term of office of the members of the first group and the term of office of the other half shall be the unexpired term of the members of the second group. [^944][][^944] ### 273. First Provincial Assembly **(1)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, but subject to [^946][Article 63, ][^946] Article 64 and Article 223, [^947][ **(a)** the first Assembly of a Province under the Constitution shall consist of **(i)** the members of the Assembly of that Province in existence immediately before the commencing day, and **(ii)** the additional members to be elected in accordance with law by the members of the Assembly to fill the seats referred to in clause (3) of Article 106, and, unless sooner dissolved, shall continue until the fourteenth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-seven; and reference to "total membership" of the Assembly of a Province in the Constitution shall be construed accordingly; ][^947] **(b)** the qualifications and disqualifications for membership of the first Assembly of a Province shall, except in case of members filling casual vacancies [^948][, or to be elected to the additional seats referred to in clause (3) of Article 106, ][^948] after the commencing day, be the same as were provided in the Interim Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: > **Provided** that no person holding an office of profit in the service of Pakistan shall continue to be a member of the Assembly after the expiration of three months from the commencing day. **(2)** A casual vacancy in a seat in the first Assembly of a Province, including a vacancy in a seat in the Assembly of that Province in existence immediately before the commencing day which was not filled before that day, caused by reason of death or resignation of a member or consequent upon his incurring a disqualification or ceasing to be a member as a result of the final decision of an election petition [^949][][^949]may be filled in the same manner in which it would have been filled before the commencing day. **(3)** A member referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1) shall not sit or vote in the Provincial Assembly until he has made the oath prescribed by Article 65 read with Article 127 and, if, without leave of the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly granted on reasonable cause shown, he fails to make the oath within twenty- one days from the day of the first meeting of the Provincial Assembly, his seat shall become vacant at the expiration of that period. ### 274. Vesting or property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations **(1)** All property and assets which, immediately before the commencing day, were vested in the President or the Federal Government shall, as from that day, vest in the Federal Government unless they were used for purposes which, on that day, became purposes of the Government of a Province, in which case they shall, as from that day, vest in the Government of the Province. **(2)** All property and assets which, immediately before the commencing day, were vested in the Government of a Province, shall, as from that day, continue to be vested in the Government of that Province, unless they were used for purposes, which on that day, became purposes of the Federal Government in which case they shall, as from that day, vest in the Federal Government. **(2)** All rights, liabilities and obligations of the Federal Government or of the Government of a Province, whether arising out of contract or otherwise, shall as from the commencing day, continue to be respectively the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Federal Government or of the Government of the Province, except that **(a)** all rights, liabilities and obligations relating to any matter which, immediately before that day, was the responsibility of the Federal Government, but which under the Constitution, has become the responsibility of the Government of a Province, shall devolve upon the Government of that Province; and **(b)** all rights, liabilities and obligations relating to any matter which, immediately before that day, was the responsibility of the Government of a Province, but which under the Constitution, has become the responsibility of Federal Government, shall devolve upon the Federal Government. ### 275. Continuance in office of persons in service of Pakistan, etc **(1)** Subject to the Constitution and until law is made under Article 240 any person who, immediately before the commencing day, was in the service of Pakistan shall, as from that day, continue in the service of Pakistan on the same terms and conditions as were applicable to him under the Interim Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan immediately before that day. **(2)** Clause (1) shall also apply in relation to a person holding office immediately before the commencing day as **(a)** Chief Justice of Pakistan or other Judge of the Supreme Court, or Chief Justice or other Judge of a High Court; **(b)** Governor of a Province; **(c)** Chief Minister of a Province; **(d)** Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly; **(e)** Chief Election Commissioner; **(f)** Attorney-General for Pakistan or Advocate- General for a Province; **(g)** Auditor-General of Pakistan. **(3)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, for a period of six months from the commencing day, a Federal Minister or a Minister of State or the Chief Minister of a Province or a Provincial Minister may be a person who is not a member of [^951][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^951] or, as the case may be, the Provincial Assembly of that Province; and such Chief Minister and Provincial Minister shall have the right to speak and otherwise take part in the proceedings of the Provincial Assembly or any committee thereof of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this clause be entitled to vote. **(4)** Any person who under this Article, is continued in an office in respect of which a form of oath is set out in the Third Schedule shall, as soon as is practicable after the commencing day make before the appropriate person oath in that form. **(5)** Subject to the Constitution and law **(a)** all civil, criminal and revenue Courts exercising jurisdiction and functions immediately before the commencing day shall, as from that day, continue to exercise their respective jurisdictions and functions; and **(b)** all authorities and all offices (whether judicial, executive, revenue or ministerial) throughout Pakistan exercising functions immediately before the commencing day shall, as from that day, continue to exercise their respective functions. ### 276. Oath of first President Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the first President may, in the absence of the Chief Justice of Pakistan, make the oath referred to in Article 42 before the Speaker of the National Assembly. ### 277. Transitional, financial provisions **(1)** The schedule of authorized expenditure authenticated by the President for the financial year ending on the thirtieth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-four, shall continue to remain a valid authority for expenditure from the Federal Consolidated Fund for that year. **(2)** The President may, in respect of expenditure of the Federal Government for any financial year preceding the Financial year commencing on the first day of July, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-three (being expenditure in excess of the authorized expenditure for that year), authorize the withdrawal of money from the Federal Consolidated Fund. **(3)** The provisions of clauses (1) and (2) shall apply to and in relation to a Province, and for that purpose **(a)** any reference in those provisions to the President shall be read as a reference to the Governor of the Province; **(b)** any reference in those provisions to the Federal Government shall be read as a reference to the Government of the Province; and **(c)** any reference in those provisions to the Federal Consolidated Fund shall read as a reference to the Provincial Consolidated Fund of the Province. ### 278. Accounts not audited before commencing day The Auditor-General shall perform the same functions and exercise the same powers in relation to accounts which have not been completed or audited before the commencing day as, by virtue of the Constitution, he is empowered to perform or exercise in relation to other accounts, and Article 171 shall, with the necessary modifications, apply accordingly. ### 279. Continuance of taxes Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, all taxes and fees levied under any law in force immediately before the commencing day shall continue to be levied until they are varied or abolished by Act of the appropriate Legislature. ### 280. Continuance of Proclamation of Emergency The Proclamation of Emergency issued on the twenty- third day of November, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-one, shall be deemed to be a Proclamation of Emergency issued under Article 232, and for the proposes of clause (7) and clause (8) thereof to have been issued on the commencing day, and any law, rule or order made or purporting to have been made in pursuance of that Proclamation shall be deemed to have been validly made [^952][and shall not be called in question in any court on the ground of inconsistency with any of the rights conferred by Chapter 1 of Part II.][^952] ## Annex [^953] ### The Objectives Resolution ### [Article 2(A)] Whereas sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Allah Almighty alone and the authority which He has delegated to the State of Pakistan, through its people for being exercised within the limits prescribed by Him is a sacred trust; This Constituent Assembly representing the people of Pakistan resolves to frame a Constitution for the sovereign independent State of Pakistan; Wherein the State shall exercise its powers and authority through the chosen representatives of the people; Wherein the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice as enunciated by Islam shall be fully observed; Wherein the Muslims shall be enabled to order their lives in the individual and collective spheres in accordance with the teachings and requirements of Islam as set out in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah; Wherein adequate provision shall be made for the minorities to [^954][freely][^954][^955] profess and practice their religions and develop their cultures; Wherein the territories now included in or in accession with Pakistan and such other territories as may hereafter be included in or accede to Pakistan shall form a Federation wherein the units will be autonomous with such boundaries and limitations on their powers and authority as may be prescribed; Wherein shall be guaranteed fundamental rights including equality of status, of opportunity and before law, social, economic and political justice, and freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship and association, subject to law and public morality; Wherein adequate provisions shall be made to safeguard the legitimate interests of minorities and backward and depressed classes; Wherein the independence of the Judiciary shall be fully secured; Wherein the integrity of the territories of the Federation, its independence and all its rights includ-ing its sovereign rights on land, sea and air shall be safeguarded; So that the people of Pakistan may prosper and attain their rightful and honored place amongst the nations of the World and make their full contribution towards international peace and progress and happiness of humanity. ## Schedules ## First Schedule[^956] ### Laws exempted from the operation of Article 8(1) and (2). ### [Article 8(3)(b) and (4)] ### Part I ### I. President's Orders ****1.**** The Acceding State (Property) Order, 1961 (P. O. No. 12 of 1961). ****2.**** The Economic Reforms Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 1 of 1972). ### II. Regulations ****1.**** The Land Reforms Regulation, 1972. ****3.**** The Economic Reforms (Protection of Industries) Regulation, 1972. ****4.**** The Distribution of Property (Chitral) Regulation, 1974 (II of 1974). ****5.**** The Statement of Disputes of Immovable Property (Chitral) Regulation, 1974 (III of 1974). ****6.**** The Dir and Swat (Devolution and Distribution of Property and Settlement of Disputes of Immovable Property) (Amendment) Regulation, 1975 (II of 1976). [^957] ****7.**** The Settlement of Disputes of Immovable Property (Chitral) (Amendment) Regulation 1976 (II of 1976). [^957] ### III. Federal Acts ****1.**** The Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1974 (XXX of 1974). ****2.**** The Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1975 (XXXIX of 1975). [^958] ****3.**** The Flour Milling Control and Development Act, 1976 (LVII of 1976). ****4.**** The Rice Milling Control and Development Act, 1976 (LVIII of 1976). ****5.**** The Cotton Ginning Control and Development Act, 1976 (LIX of 1976). [^958] [^959] [^959] [^961] ****6.**** The Pakistan Army Act, 1952 (XXXXIX of 1952). ****7.**** The Anti-Terrorism Act, 1997 (XXVII of 1997), only to the extent of sub-clause (iv) of clause (d) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Pakistab Army Act 1952 (XXXIX of 1952), added through the Pakistan Army (Amendment) Act, 2017 (XI of 2017). [^961] ### IV. Ordinances Promulgated By The President The Land Reforms (Amendment) Ordinance, 1975 (XXI of 1975), and the Federal Act enacted to replace the said Ordinance. ### V. Provincial Acts ****1.**** The Land Reforms (Baluchistan Amendment) Act, 1974 (Baluchistan Act XI of 1974) ****2.**** The Land Reforms (Pat Feeder Canal Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 1975 (Baluchistan Act VII of 1975.) [^962] ### VI. Provincial Ordinance The Land Reforms (Pat Feeder Canal) (Amendment) Ordinance, 1976. [^962] ### PART II ### I. President's Orders ****1.**** The Minerals (Acquisition and Transfer) Order, 1961 (P. O. No. 8 of 1961). ****2.**** The Companies (Managing Agency and Election of Directors) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 2 of 1972). ****3.**** The Cooperative Societies (Reforms) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 9 of 1972). ****4.**** The Life Insurance (Nationalization) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 10 of 1972). ****5.**** The Martial Law (Pending Proceedings) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 14 of 1972). ****6.**** The Rulers of Acceding States (Abolition of Privy Purses and Privileges) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 15 of 1972). ****7.**** The Industrial Sanctions and Licences (Cancellation) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 16 of 1972). ****8.**** The Criminal Law Amendment (Special Court) Order, 1972 (P. O. No. 20 of 1972). ### II. Regulations ****1.**** Rawalpindi (Requisition of Property) Regulation, 1959. ****2.**** The Pakistan Capital Regulation, 1960. ****3.**** The Scrutiny of Claims (Evacuee Property) Regulation, 1961. ****4.**** The Income Tax (Correction of Returns and False Declaration) Regulation, 1969. ****5.**** The Improper Acquisition of Property Regulation, 1969. ****6.**** The Removal from Service (Special Provisions) Regulation, 1969. ****7.**** The Living Beyond Ostensible Means (Punishment) Regulation, 1969. ****8.**** The Government Agricultural Land (Recovery of Illegal Possession) Regulation, 1969. ****10.**** The Withdrawal of Currency Notes (High Denomination) Regulation, 1971. ****11.**** The Price of Evacuee Property and Public Dues (Recovery) Regulation, 1971. ****12.**** The Peshawar District and Tribal Areas (Settlement of Disputes) Regulation, 1971. ****13.**** The Convention Muslim League and Awami League (Scrutiny of Funds) Regulation, 1971. ****14.**** The Foreign Exchange Repatriation Regulation, 1972. ****15.**** The Foreign Assets (Declaration) Regulation, 1972. ****16.**** The Removal from Service (Review Petition) Regulation, 1972. ****17.**** The Privately Managed Schools and Colleges (Taking Over) Regulation, 1972. ****18.**** The Enemy Property (Revocation of Sales) Regulation, 1972. ****19.**** The Dir and Swat (Devolution and Distribution of Property) Regulation, 1972. ****21.**** The West Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation (Revocation of Sale or Transfer) Regulation, 1972. ****22.**** The National Press Trust (Suspension of Board of Trustees and Directors) Regulation, 1972. ****23.**** The Cooperative Banks (Repayment of Loans) (Punjab) Regulation 1972. ****24.**** The Cooperative Societies (Repayment of Loans) (Sind) Regulation, 1972. ### III. Ordinances Promulgated by The President ****1.**** The Control of Shipping Ordinance, 1959 (XIII of 1959). ****2.**** The Jammu and Kashmir (Administration of Property) Ordinance, 1961 (III of 1961). ****3.**** The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 (VIII of 1961 (XIV of 1961). ****4.**** The Security of Pakistan (Amendment) Ordinance, 1961 (XIV of 1961). ****5.**** The Associated Press of Pakistan (Taking Over) Ordinance, 1961 (XX of 1961). ****6.**** The Trade Organizations Ordinance, 1961 (XLV of 1961). ### IV. Federal Acts The Censorship of Films Act, 1963 (XVIII of 1963). ### V. Ordinances Promulgated By The Governor of Former Province Of West Pakistan ****1.**** The West Pakistan Government Educational and Training Institutions Ordinance, 1960 (W. P. Ordinance No. XI of 1960). ****2.**** The West Pakistan Waqf Properties Ordinance, 1961 (W. P. Ordinance No. XXVIII of 1961). ****3.**** The Societies Registration (West Pakistan Amendment) Ordinance, 1962 (W. P. Ordinance No. IX of 1962). ****4.**** The West Pakistan Industries (Control on Establishment and Enlargement) Ordinance, 1963 (W. P. Ordinance No. IV of 1963). ### VI. Ordinances Promulgated By The Governor Of The North-West Frontier Province. ****1.**** The North-West Frontier Province Government Educational and Training Institutions Ordinance, 1971 (N. W. F. P. Ordinance No. III of 1971). ****2.**** The North-West Frontier Province Chashma Right Bank Canal Project (Control and Prevention of Speculation in Land) Ordinance, 1971 (N. W. F. P. Ordinance No. V of 1971). ****3.**** The North-West Frontier Province Gomal Zam Project (Control and Prevention of Speculation in Land) Ordinance, 1971 (N. W. F. P. Ordinance No. VIII of 1971). ## Second Schedule[^964] ### Election of President ### Article 41(3) ****1.**** The [^965][Election Commission of Pakistan][^965] shall hold and conduct election to the office of President, and [^966][Chief Election Commissioner][^966] shall be the Returning Officer for such election. ****2.**** The [^967][Election Commission of Pakistan][^967] shall appoint Presiding Officers to preside at the meeting of the members of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and at the meetings of the members of the Provincial Assemblies. ****3.**** The Chief Election Commissioner shall by public notification fix the time and place for depositing nomination papers, holding a scrutiny, making withdrawals, if any, and holding the poll, if necessary. ****4.**** At any time before noon on the day fixed for nomination any member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or of a Provincial Assembly may nominate for election as President a person qualified for election as President by delivering to the Presiding Officer a nomination paper, signed by himself as proposer and by another member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or, as the case may be Assembly as seconder, together with a statement signed by the person nominated that he consents to the nomination: > **Provided** that no person shall subscribe, whether as proposer or as seconder, more than one nomination paper at any one election. ****5.**** The scrutiny shall be held by the Chief Election Commissioner at the time and place fixed by him, and if after scrutiny only one person remains validly nominated, the Chief Election Commissioner shall declare that person to be elected, or if more than one person remains validly nominated, he shall announce, by public notification, the names of the persons validly nominated, to be hereinafter called the candidates. ****6.**** A candidate may withdraw his candidature at any time before noon on the day fixed for this purpose by delivering a notice in writing under his hand to the Presiding Officer with whom his nomination paper has been deposited, and a candidate who has given a notice of withdrawal of his candidature under this paragraph shall not be allowed to cancel that notice. ****7.**** If all but one of the candidates have withdrawn, that one shall be declared by the Chief Election Commissioner to be elected. ****8.**** If there is no withdrawal, or if, after withdrawals have taken place, two or more candidates are left, the Chief Election Commissioner shall announce by public notification the names of the candidates, and their proposers and seconders, and shall proceed to hold a poll by secret ballot in accordance with the provisions of the succeeding paragraphs. ****9.**** If a candidate whose nomination has been found to be in order dies after the time for nomination, and a report of his death is received by the Presiding Officer before the commencement of the poll, the Presiding Officer shall, upon, being satisfied of the fact of the death of the candidate, countermand the poll and report the fact to the Chief Election Commissioner, and all proceedings with reference to the election shall be commenced anew in all respects as if for a new election: > **Provided** that no further nomination shall be necessary in the case of a candidate whose nomination was valid at the time of the countermanding of the poll: > **Provided** further that no person who has under paragraph 6 of the this Schedule given notice of withdrawal of his candidature before the countermanding of the poll shall be ineligible for being nominated as a candidate for the election after such countermanding. ****10.**** The poll shall be taken at the meetings of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and of each Provincial Assembly, and respective Presiding Officers shall conduct the poll with the assistance of such officers as they may, with the approval of the Chief Election Commissioner, respectively appoint. ****11.**** A ballot paper shall be issued to every member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), and of each Provincial Assembly, who presents himself for voting at the meeting of the members of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or, as the case may be, of the Provincial Assembly of which he is a member (hereinafter referred to as a person voting), and he shall exercise his vote personally by marking the paper in accordance with the provisions of the succeeding paragraphs. ****12.**** The poll shall be secret ballot by means of ballot papers containing the names of all the candidates in alphabetical order who have not withdrawn, and person voting shall vote by placing a mark against the name of the person for whom he wishes to vote. ****13.**** Ballot papers shall be issued from a book of ballot-papers with couterfoils, each counterfoil being numbered; and when a ballot paper is issued to a person voting his name shall be entered on the counterfoil, and the ballot paper shall be authenticated by the initials of the Presiding Officer. ****14.**** A ballot paper having been marked by the person voting shall be deposited by that person in a ballot box to be placed in front of the Presiding Officer. ****15.**** If a ballot paper is spoiled by a person voting he may return it to the Presiding Officer, who shall issue a second ballot paper, canceling the first ballot paper and marking the cancellation on the appropriate counterfoil. ****16.**** A ballot paper shall be invalid if:- **(i)** there is upon it any name, word or mark, by which the person voting may be identified; or **(ii)** it does not contain the initials of the Presiding Officer; or **(iii)** it does not contain a mark; or **(iv)** a mark is placed against the names of two or more candidates; or **(v)** there is any uncertainty as to the identity of the candidate against whose name the mark is placed. ****17.**** After the close of the poll each Presiding Officer shall, in the presence of such of the candidates or their authorized representatives as may desire to be present, open and empty the ballot boxes and examine the ballot papers therein, rejecting any which are invalid, count the number of votes recorded for each candidate on the valid ballot papers, and communicate the number of the votes so recorded to the Chief Election. ****18.**** **(1)** The Chief Election Commissioner shall determine the result of the election in the following manner, namely:- **(a)** the number of votes cast in the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) in favor of each candidate shall be counted; **(b)** the number of votes cast in a Provincial Assembly in favor of each candidate shall be multiplied by the total number of seats in the Provincial Assembly for the time being having the smallest number of seats and divided by the total number of seats in the Provincial Assembly in which the votes have been cast; and **(c)** the number of votes calculated in the manner referred to in clause (b) shall be added to the number of votes counted under clause (a). > **Explanation:**In this paragraph, "total number of seats" includes seats reserved for non-Muslims and women. **(2)** A fraction shall be rounded off to the nearest whole. ****19.**** The candidate who has obtained the largest number of votes compiled in the manner specified in paragraph 18 shall be declared by the Chief Election Commissioner to be elected. ****20.**** Where at any poll any two or more candidates obtain an equal number of votes, the selection of the candidate to be elected shall be by drawing of lots. ****21.**** When, after any poll, the counting of the votes has been completed, and the result of the voting determined, the Chief Election Commissioner shall forthwith announce the result to those present, and shall report the result to the Federal Government, who shall forthwith cause the result to be declared by a public notification. ****22.**** The [^968][Election Commission of Pakistan][^968] may, by public notification, with the approval of the President, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Schedule. ## Third Schedule ### Oaths of Office ### President #### [Article 42] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I am a Muslim and believe in the Unity and Oneness of Almighty Allah, the Books of Allah, the Holy Quran being the last of them, the Prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the last of the Prophets and that there can be no Prophet after him, the Day of Judgment, and all the requirements and teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah: That I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as President of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill- will: And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as President of Pakistan, except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as President. [^969] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^969] ### Prime Minister #### [Article 91([^970][5][^970])] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do swear solemnly that l am a Muslim and believe in the Unity and Oneness of Almighty Allah, the Books of Allah, the Holy Quran being the last of them, the Prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the last of the Prophets and that there can be no Prophet after him, the Day of Judgment, and all the requirements and teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah: That I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as Prime Minister of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, hon-estly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill- will: And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Prime Minister except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as Prime Minister. [^971] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^971] ### Federal Minister or Minister Of State #### [Article 92(2)] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as Federal Minister (or Minister of State); I will discharge my duties, and perform my func-tions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill- will: And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Federal Minister (or Minister of State), except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as Federal Minister (or Minister of State), or as may be specially permitted by the Prime Minister. [^972] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^972] ### Speaker of National Assembly or Chairman of Senate #### [Article 53(2) and 61] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as Speaker of the National Assembly (or Chairman of the Senate) and whenever I am called upon to act as President of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully, accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the law and as Speaker of the National Assembly in accordance with the rules of the Assembly (or as Chairman of the Senate in accordance with the rules of the Senate), and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: And that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill- will. [^973] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^973] ### Deputy Speaker of National Assembly or Deputy Chairman Of Senate #### [Article 53(2) and 61] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, whenever I am called upon to act as Speaker of the National Assembly (or Chairman of the Senate), I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the law and the rules of the Assembly (or Senate), and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: And that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill-will. [^974] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^974] ### Member of National Assembly or Member of Senate #### [Article 65] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That as a member of the National Assembly (or Senate), I will perform my functions honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully, in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and the rules of the Assembly (or Senate), and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: And that I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. ### Governor of Province #### [Article 102] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as the Governor of the Province of ____________, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well-being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill-will: And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Governor of the Province of ____________ except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as Governor. [^975] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^975] ### Chief Minister or Provincial Minister #### [Articles [^976][130(5)][^976] and 132(2)] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as a Chief Minister (or Minister) of the Government of the Province of ____________, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill- will: And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Chief Minister (or Minister) except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as Chief Minister (or Minister) or as may be specially permitted by the Chief Minister. [^977] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^977] ### Speaker of a Provincial Assembly #### [Articles 53(2) and 127] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of the Province of ____________, [^978][and whenever I am called upon to act as Governor, I will discharge][^978] my duties, and perform my functions honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully, in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the law and the rules of the Assembly, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: And that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill- will. [^979] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^979] ### Deputy Speaker of a Provincial Assembly #### [Articles 53(2) and 127] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, whenever I am called upon to act as Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of the Province of ____________, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the law and the rules of the Assembly, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will strive to preserve the Islamic ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: And that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill- will. [^980] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^980] ### Member of a Provincial Assembly #### [Articles 65 and 127] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as a member of the Provincial Assembly of ____________, I will perform my functions honestly to the best of my ability faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the law and the rules of the Assembly, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan: And that I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. [^981] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^981] ### Auditor-General of Pakistan #### [Article 168(2)] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, _________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as Auditor- General of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties and perform my functions honestly, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law and to the best of my knowledge, ability and judgment, without fear or favor, affection or ill- will, and that I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions. [^982] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^982] ### [^983][CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF PAKISTAN OR CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN OR OF A HIGH COURT OR JUDGE OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OR OF THE SUPREME COURT OR OF A HIGH COURT.][^983] #### [^984][[Articles 175D, 178 ond 194]][^984] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as [^985][Chief Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan (or a Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan) or Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan (or a Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan) or Chief Justice (or a Judge) of the High Court for the Province or lslamabad Capital Territory or Provinces of ____________)][^985] I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly to the best of my ability and faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law: That I will abide by the code of conduct issued by the Supreme Judicial Council: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: And that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill-will. [^986] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^986] [^987] ### Chief Justice or Judge of Federal Shariat Court #### [Article 203-C (7)] (In the name of Allah the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ______________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court (or a Judge of the Federal Shariat Court), I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, and faithfully, in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will abide by the code of conduct issued by the Supreme Judicial Council: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: And that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will. May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^987] ### Chief Election Commissioner [^994][or a Member of the Election Commission of Pakistan][^994] #### [Article 214] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that as Chief Election Commissioner, [^995][or, as the case may be, member of the Election Commission of Pakistan][^995] I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and without fear or favor, affection or ill- will, and that I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions. [^996] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^996] ### Members Of The Armed Forces #### [Article 244] (In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.) I, ____________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan and uphold the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan which embodies the will of the people, that I will not engage myself in any political activities whatsoever and that I will honestly and faithfully serve Pakistan in the Pakistan Army (or Navy or Air Force) as required by and under the law. [^997] May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). [^997] ## Fourth Schedule ### Legislative Lists ### Federal Legislative List ### PART I ****1.**** The defence of the Federation or any part thereof in peace or war; the military, naval and air forces of the Federation and any other armed forces raised or maintained by the Federation; any armed forces which are not forces of the Federation but are attached to or operating with any of the Armed Forces of the Federation including civil armed forces; Federal Intelligence Bureau; preventive detention for reasons of State connected with defence, external affairs, or the security of Pakistan or any part thereof; person subjected to such detention; industries declared by Federal law to be necessary for the purpose of defence or for the prosecution of war. ****2.**** Military, naval and air force works; local self-government in cantonment areas, [^998][local taxes, fees, cess, charges, tolls in such areas][^998] the constitution and powers within such areas of cantonment authorities, the regulation of house accommodation in such areas, and the delimitation of such areas. ****3.**** External affairs; the implementing of treaties and agreements, including educational and cultural pacts and agreements, with other countries; extradition, including the surrender of criminals and accused persons to Governments outside Pakistan. ****4.**** Nationality, citizenship and naturalization. ****5.**** Migration from or into, or settlement in, a Province or the Federal Capital. ****6.**** Admission into, and emigration and expulsion from, Pakistan including in relation thereto the regulation of the movements in Pakistan of persons not domiciled in Pakistan; pilgrimages to places beyond Pakistan. ****7.**** Posts and telegraphs, including telephones, wireless, broadcasting and other like forms of communications; Post Office Saving Bank. ****8.**** Currency, coinage and legal tender. ****9.**** Foreign exchange; cheques, bills of exchange, promissory notes and other like instruments. ****10.**** Public debt of the Federation, including the borrowing of money on the security of the Federal Consolidated Fund; foreign loans and foreign aid. ****11.**** Federal Public Services and Federal Public Service Commission. ****12.**** Federal Pensions, that is to say, pensions payable by the Federation or out of the Federal Consolidated Fund. ****13.**** Federal Ombudsmen. ****14.**** Administrative Courts and Tribunals for Federal subjects. ****15.**** Libraries, museums, and similar institutions controlled or financed by the Federation. ****16.**** Federal agencies and institutes for the following purposes, that is to say, for research, for professional or technical training, or for the promotion of special studies. ****17.**** Education as respects Pakistani students in foreign countries and foreign students in Pakistan. ****18.**** Nuclear energy, including:- **(a)** mineral resources necessary for the generation of nuclear energy; **(b)** the production of nuclear fuels and the generation and use of nuclear energy, and **(c)** ionizing radiations[^999][; and][^999] [^1000][ **(d)** boilers. ][^1000] ****19.**** Port quarantine, seamen's and marine hospitals and hospitals connected with port quarantine. ****20.**** Maritime shipping and navigation, including shipping and navigation on tidal waters; Admiralty jurisdiction. [^1001] [^1001] ****22.**** Aircraft and air navigation; the provision of aerodromes; regulation and organization of air traffic and of aerodromes. ****23.**** Lighthouses, including lightships, beacons and other provisions for the safety of shipping and aircraft. ****24.**** Carriage of passengers and goods by sea or by air. ****25.**** Copyright, inventions, designs, trademarks and merchandise marks. ****26.**** Opium so far as regards sale for export. ****27.**** Import and export across customs frontiers as deemed by the Federal Government, inter-provincial trade and commerce, trade and commerce with foreign countries; standard of quality of goods to be exported out of Pakistan. ****28.**** State Bank of Pakistan; banking, that is to say, the conduct of banking business by corporations other than corporations owned or controlled by a Province and carrying on business only within that Province. ****29.**** The law of insurance, except as respects insurance undertaken by a Province, and the regulation of the conduct of insurance business, except as respects business undertaken by a Province, Government insurance, except so far as undertaken by a Province by virtue of any matter within the legislative competence of the Provincial Assembly. ****30.**** Stock exchanges and future markets with objects and business not confined to one Province. ****31.**** Corporations, that is to say, the incorporation, regulation and winding- up of trading corporations, including banking, insurance and financial corporations, but not including corporations owned or controlled by a Province and carrying on business only within that Province, or cooperative societies, and of corporations, whether trading or not, with objects not confined to a Province, but not including universities. [^1002] ****32.**** International treaties, conventions and agreements and International arbitration. [^1002] [^1003] [^1003] ****34.**** National highways and strategic roads. ****35.**** Federal surveys including geological surveys and Federal meteorological organizations. ****36.**** Fishing and fisheries beyond territorial waters. ****37.**** Works, lands and buildings vested in, or in the possession of Government for the purposes of the Federation (not being military, naval or air force works), but, as regards property situate in a Province, subject always to Provincial legislation, save in so far as Federal law otherwise provides. [^1004] [^1004] ****39.**** Establishment of standards of weights and measures. [^1005] [^1005] ****41.**** Elections to the office of President, to the National Assembly, the Senate and the Provincial Assemblies; Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissions. ****42.**** The salaries, allowances and privileges of the President, Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly, Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Senate, Prime Minister, Federal Minister, Ministers of State, the salaries, allowances and privileges of the members of the Senate and the National Assembly, and the punishment of persons who refuse to give evidence or produce documents before committees thereof. ****43.**** Duties of customs, including export duties. ****44.**** Duties of excise, including duties on salt, but not including duties on alcoholic liquors, opium and other narcotics. [^1006] [^1006] [^1007] [^1007] ****47.**** Taxes on income other than agricultural income; ****48.**** Taxes on corporations. ****49.**** Taxes on the sales and purchases of goods imported, exported, produced, manufactured or consumed [^1008][, except sales tax on services][^1008]. ****50.**** Taxes on the capital value of the assets, not including taxes [^1009][][^1009] on immovable property. ****51.**** Taxes on mineral oil, natural gas and minerals for use in generation of nuclear energy. ****52.**** Taxes and duties on the production capacity of any plant, machinery, undertaking, establishment or installation in lieu of any one or more of them. ****53.**** Terminal taxes on goods or passengers carried by railway, sea or air; taxes on their fares and freights. ****54.**** Fees in respect of any of the matters in this Part, but not including fees taken in any court. ****55.**** Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the [^1010][Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court][^1010], with respect to any of the matters in this list and, to such extent as is expressly authorized by or under the Constitution, the enlargement of the jurisdiction of the [^1011][Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court][^1011], and the conferring thereon of supplemental powers. ****56.**** Offences against laws with respect to any of the matters in this Part. ****57.**** Inquiries and statistics for the purposes of any of the matters in this Part. ****58.**** Matters which under the Constitution are within the legislative competence of Majlis- e-Shoora (Parliament) or relate to the Federation. ****59.**** Matters incidental or ancillary to any matter enumerated in this Part. ### PART II ****1.**** Railways. ****2.**** Mineral oil and natural gas; liquids and substances declared by Federal law to be dangerously inflammable. ****3.**** Development of industries, where development under Federal control is declared by Federal law to be expedient in the public interest; institutions, establishments, bodies and corporations administered or managed by the Federal Government immediately before the commencing day, including the [^1012][Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority and the Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation][^1012]; all undertakings, projects and schemes of such institutions, establishments, bodies and corporations, industries, projects and undertakings owned wholly or partially by the Federation or by a corporation set up by the Federation. [^1013] ****4.**** Electricity. ****5.**** Major ports, that is to say, the declaration and delimitation of such ports, and the constitution and powers of port authorities therein. ****6.**** All regulatory authorities established under a Federal law. ****7.**** National planning and national economic coordination including planning and coordination of scientific and technological research. ****8.**** Supervision and management of public debt. ****9.**** Census. ****10.**** Extension of the powers and jurisdiction of members of a police force belonging to any Province to any area in another Province, but not so as to enable the police of one Province to exercise powers and jurisdiction in another Province without the consent of the Government of that Province; extension of the powers and jurisdiction of a police force belonging to any Pronvice to railway areas outside that Province. ****11.**** Legal, medical and other professions. ****12.**** Standards in institutions for higher education and research, scientific and technical institutions. ****13.**** Inter-provincial matters and co-ordination. [^1013] **[^1014][13.][^1014]** Council of Common Interests. **[^1015][14.][^1015]** Fees in respect of any of the matters in this Part but not including fees taken in any court. **[^1016][15.][^1016]** Offences against laws with respect to any of the matters in this Parts. **[^1017][16.][^1017]** Inquiries and statistics for the purposes of any of the matters in this Part. **[^1018][17.][^1018]** Matters incidental or ancillary to any matter enumerated in this Part. [^1019] [^1019] ## Fifth Schedule ### Remuneration and Terms and Conditions of Service of Judges ### [Article 205] ### [^1021][THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT AND THE SUPREME COURT][^1021] ****1.**** There shall be paid to the Chief Justice of [^1022][the Federal Constitutional Court and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court][^1022] a salary of Rs. [^1023][9,900][^1023] per mensem, and to every other Judge of the Supreme Court a salary of Rs. [^1024][9,500][^1024] per mensem [^1025][or such higher salary as the President may, from time to time, determine][^1025]. ****2.**** Every Judge of the [^1026][Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court][^1026] shall be entitled to such privileges and allowances, and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension, as may be determined by the President, and until so determined, to the privileges, allowances and rights to which, immediately before the commencing day, the Judges of the [^1027][Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court][^1027][^1028][][^1028] of Pakistan were entitled. [^1029] | **3.** | The pension payable to a retired Judge of the [^1030][Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court][^1030] per mensem shall not be less or more than the amount specified in the table below, depending on the length of his service as Judge in that Court or a High Court: > **Provided** that the President may, form time to time, raise the minimum or maximum amount of pension so specified :- > > \| Judge \| Minimum Amount \| Maximum Amount \| > \| --- \| --- \| --- \| > \| Chief Justice \| Rs. 7,000 \| Rs. 8,000 \| > \| Other Judge \| Rs. 6,250 \| Rs. 7,125 \| | | --- | --- | | | | [^1029] ****4.**** The widow of a Judge of the [^1031][Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court][^1031] shall be entitled to a pension at the following rates, namely - **(a)** if the Judge dies after retirement 50 percent of the net pension payable to him; or **(b)** if the Judge dies after having rendered not less than three year's service as Judge and while still serving as such 50 per cent of the pension admissible to him at the minimum rate. ****5.**** The pension shall be payable to the widow for life or, if she remarries, until her marriage. ****6.**** If the widow dies, the pension shall be payable-- **(a)** to the sons of the Judge who are less than twenty- one years of age, until they attain that age; and **(b)** to the unmarried daughters of the Judge who are less than twenty- one years of age, until they attain that age or are married, whichever first occurs. ### The High Court ****1.**** There shall be paid to the Chief Justice of a High Court a salary of Rs [^1032][9,400][^1032] per mensem and to every other Judge of a High Court a salary of Rs. [^1033][8,400][^1033] per mensem [^1034][or such higher salary as the President may, from time to time, determine][^1034]. ****2.**** Every Judge of a High Court shall be entitled to such privileges and allowances, and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension, as may be determined by the President, and until so determined, to the privileges, allowances and rights, to which, immediately before the commencing day, the Judges of the High Court were entitled. [^1035] | **3.** | The pension payable per mensem to a Judge of a High Court who retires after having put in not less than five years service as such Judge shall not be less or more than the amount specified in the table below, depending on the his service as Judge and total service, if any, in the service of Pakistan : > **Provided** that the President may, from time to time, raise the minimum or maximum amount of pension so specified :- > > \| Judge \| Minimum Amount \| Maximum Amount \| > \| --- \| --- \| --- \| > \| Chief Justice \| Rs. 5,640 \| Rs. 7,050 \| > \| Other Judge \| Rs. 5,040 \| Rs. 6,300 \| | | --- | --- | | | | [^1035] ****4.**** The widow of a Judge of the High Court shall be entitled to a pension at the following rates, namely:- **(a)** if the Judge dies after retirementÐ 50 per cent of the net pension payable to him; or **(b)** if the judge dies after having rendered not less than five years service as Judge and while still serving as such - 50 per cent of the pension admissible to him at the minimum rate. ****5.**** The pension shall be payable to the widow for life, or, if she remarries, until her marriage. ****6.**** If the widow dies, the pension shall be payable-- **(a)** to the sons of the Judge who are less than twenty- one years of age, until they attain that age; and **(b)** to the unmarried daughters of the Judge who are less than twenty- one years of age, until they attain that age or are married, whichever first occurs. ## Footnotes ### Part I: Introductory [^1]: Substituted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 2 (with effect from May 4, 1974) for : > **(2)** The Constitution shall apply to the following territories of Pakistan: > > **(a)** the Provinces of Baluchistan, the North-West Frontier, the Punjab and Sind; > > **(b)** the Islamabad Capital Territory, hereinafter referred to as the Federal Capital; > > **(c)** the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and > > **(d)** such States and territories as are or may be included in Pakistan, whether by accession or otherwise. > > **(3)** The Constitution shall be appropriately amended so as to enable the people of the Province of East Pakistan, as and when foreign aggression in that Province and its effects are eliminated, to be represented in the affairs of the Federation. > > **(4)** Parliament may by law admit into the Federation new States or areas on such terms, and conditions as it thinks fit. [^2]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 3 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "Baluchistan". [^3]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 3 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "North-West Frontier". [^4]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 3 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "Sind". [^5]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 2(i) (with effect from May 31, 2018). [^6]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 2(ii) (with effect from May 31, 2018) : : > **(c)** Federally Administered Tribal Areas; and [^7]: Renumbered from "(d)". by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 2(iii) (with effect from May 31, 2018) [^8]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^9]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch.item 2 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^10]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 3 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "basic". [^11]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 4(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(1)** Any person who abrogates or attempts or conspires to abrogate, subverts or attempts or conspires to subvert the Constitution by use of force or show of force or by other unconstitutional means shall be guilty of high treason. [^12]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 4(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^13]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 4(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^14]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 2 (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^15]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". ### Part II, Chapter 1: Fundamental Rights [^16]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^17]: Substituted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Article 2 (with effect from November 21, 1975) for : > **(b)** any of the laws specified in the First Schedule as in force immediately before the commencing day [^18][or as amended by any of the laws specified in that Schedule][^18]; [^18]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Article 3 (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^19]: Substituted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Article 2 (with effect from November 21, 1975) for "the First Schedule, not being a law which relates to, or is connected with, economic reforms". [^20]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^21]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 2 (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^22]: Substituted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1975 (22 of 1975), Article 2 (with effect from February 13, 1975) for "one month". [^23]: Substituted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1975 (22 of 1975), Article 2 (with effect from February 13, 1975) for "one month". [^24]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 3 (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^25]: Substituted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1975 (22 of 1975), Article 2 (with effect from February 13, 1975) for "as soon as may be, but not later than one week". [^26]: Inserted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1975 (22 of 1975), Article 2 (with effect from February 13, 1975). [^27]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 5 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^28]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 6 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 17. Freedom of association > > **(1)** Every citizen shall have the right to form associations or unions, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of [^29][sovereignty or integrity of Pakistan, public order or morality][^29]. > > [^30][ > > **(2)** Every citizen, not being in the service of Pakistan, shall have the right to form or be a member of a political party, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the sovereignty or integrity of Pakistan [^31][or public order][^31]and such law shall provide that where the Federal Government declare that any political party has been formed or is operating in a manner prejudicial to the sovereignty or integrity of Pakistan [^32][or public order][^32], the Federal Government shall, within fifteen days of such declaration, refer the matter to the Supreme Court whose decision on such reference shall be final[^33][:][^33] > > > [^34][**Provided** that no political party shall promote sectarian, ethnic, regional hatred or animosity, or be titled or constituted as a militant group or section.][^34] > > **(3)** Every political party shall account for the source of its funds in accordance with law. > > ][^30][^35][ > > **(4)** Every political party shall, subject to law, hold intra-party elections to elect its office-bearers and party leaders. > > ][^35] [^29]: Substituted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Article 3 (with effect from November 21, 1975) for "morality or public order". [^30]: Substituted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Article 4 (with effect from May 4, 1974) for : > **(2)** Every citizen not being in the service of Pakistan shall have the right to form or be a member of a political party. Every political party shall account for the source of its funds in accordance with law. [^31]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 1(a) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^32]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 1(a) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^33]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 1(b) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for ".". [^34]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 1(b) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^35]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 2 (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^36]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 4 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^37]: Substituted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Article 4 (with effect from November 21, 1975) for "defamation". [^38]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 6 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^39]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 8 (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "alone". [^40]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 9 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^41]: Substituted by Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1999 (6 of 1999), Article 2 (with effect from August 5, 1999) for "[^42][twenty][^42]". [^42]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 4 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "ten". [^43]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 10 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for ".". [^44]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 10 (with effect from April 19, 2010). ### Part II, Chapter 2: Principles of Policy [^45]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 11 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "National Assembly". [^46]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 11 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^47]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 5 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^48]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 12(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "and". [^49]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 3 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for : > **(f)** eliminate riba as early as possible[^50][; and][^50] [^50]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 12(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for ".". [^51]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 12(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). ### Part III, Chapter 1: The President [^52]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 6(1) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > **(3)** The President shall be elected by the members of Parliament in joint sitting in accordance with the provisions of the Second Schedule. [^53]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 13(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "to be elected after the expiration of the term specified in clause (7)". [^54]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 13(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > [^55][ > > **(7)** The Chief Executive of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan- > > **(a)** shall relinquish the office of Chief Executive on such day as he may determine in accordance with the judgement of the Supreme Court of Pakistan of the 12th May, 2000; and > > **(b)** having received the democratic mandate to serve the nation as President of Pakistan for a period of five years shall, on relinquishing the office of the Chief Executive, notwithstanding anything contained in this Article or Article 43 or any other provision of the Constitution or any other law for the time being in force, assume the office of President of Pakistan forthwith and shall hold office for a term of five years under the Constitution, and Article 44 and other provisions of the Constitution shall apply accordingly. > > > [^57][**Provided** that paragraph (d) of clause (1) of Article 63 shall become operative on and from the 31st day of December, 2004.][^57] > > ][^55][^58][ > > **(8)** Without prejudice to the provisions of clause (7), any member or members of a House of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or of a Provincial Assembly, individually or jointly, may, not later than thirty days from the commencement of the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003, move a resolution for vote of confidence for further affirmation of the President in office by majority of the members present and voting, by division or any other method as prescribed in the rules made by the Federal Government under clause (9), of the electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and the Provincial Assemblies, in a special session of each House of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and of each Provincial Assembly summoned for the purpose, and the vote of confidence having been passed, the President, notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution or judgment of any court, shall be deemed to be elected to hold office for a term of five years under the Constitution, and the same shall not be called in question in any court or forum on any ground whatsoever. > > **(9)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution or any other law for the time being in force, the proceedings for the vote of confidence referred to in clause (8) shall be regulated and conducted by the Chief Election Commissioner in accordance with such procedure and the votes shall be counted in such manner as may be prescribed by the rules framed by the Federal Government: > > > **Provided** that clauses (8) and (9) shall be valid only for the forthcoming vote of confidence for the current term of the President in office. > > ][^58] [^55]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 2 (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > [^56][ > > **(7)** Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article or Article 43, or any other Article of the Constitution or any other law, General Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq, in consequence of the result of the referendum held on the nineteenth day of December 1984, shall become the President of Pakistan on the day of the first meeting of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) in joint sitting summoned after the elections to the Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and shall hold office for a term of five years from that day; and Article 44 and other provisions of the Constitution shall apply accordingly. > > ][^56] [^56]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 6(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^57]: Inserted by Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (3 of 2003), Article 2(1) (with effect from December 31, 2003). [^58]: Inserted by Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (3 of 2003), Article 2(2) (with effect from December 31, 2003). [^59]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^60]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^61]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^62]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 14 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > [^63][ > > ### 46. Duties of Prime Minister in relation to President > > It shall be the duty of the Prime Minister: > > **(a)** to communicate to the President all decisions of the Cabinet relating to the administration of the affairs of the Federation and proposals for legislation; > > **(b)** to furnish such information relating to the administration of the affairs of the Federation and proposals for legislation as the President may call for; and > > **(c)** if the President so requires, to submit for the consideration of the Cabinet any matter on which a decision has been taken by the Prime Minister or a Minister but which has not been considered by the Cabinet. > > ][^63] [^63]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2 and Sched. item 7 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****46**** The Prime Minister shall keep the President informed on matters of internal and foreign policy and on all legislative proposals the Federal Government intends to bring before Parliament. [^64]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 8(1) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^65]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 8(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > **(1)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the President may be removed from office in accordance with the provisions of this Article on the ground of physical or mental incapacity or on a charge of violating the Constitution or gross misconduct. > > **(2)** Not less than one-half of the total membership of either House may give to the Speaker of the National Assembly or, as the case may be, the Chairman written notice of its intention to move a resolution for the removal of the President; and such notice shall set out the particulars of his incapacity or of the charge against him. [^66]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^67]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 9 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****48**** **(1)** In the performance of his functions, the President shall act on and in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister and such advice shall be binding on him. > > **(2)** The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered to the President by the Prime Minister shall not be inquired into in any court. > > **(3)** Save as otherwise provided in any rules made under Article 99, the orders of the President shall require for their validity the counter-signature of the Prime Minister. [^68]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 15(i)(a) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^69]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 2(a)(i) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "the Prime Minister or appropriate Minister". [^70]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 2(a)(ii) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for : > > **Provided** that the President may require the Cabinet to reconsider or consider such advice, as the case may be either generally or otherwise, and the President shall act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration or consideration. [^71]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 15(i)(b) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^72]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 15(i)(b) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^73]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 2(b) (with effect from November 9, 1985). [^74]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 2(c) (with effect from November 9, 1985) : : > **(3)** If any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter in respect of which the President is by the Constitution empowered to act in his discretion, the decision of the President in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the President shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in his discretion. [^75]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 4 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for : > **(4)** The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered to the President by the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, a Minister or Minister of State shall not be inquired into in, or by, any court, tribunal or other authority. [^76]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 15(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(5)** Where the President dissolves the National Assembly, he shall, in his discretion:- > > **(a)** appoint a date, not later than [^78][ninety][^78] days from the date of the dissolution, for the holding of a general election to the Assembly; and > > **(b)** appoint a care-taker Cabinet. [^77]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 2 (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^78]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 2(d) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "one hundred". [^79]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 15(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(6)** If, at any time, the President, in his discretion, or on the advice of the Prime Minister, considers that it is desirable that any matter of national importance should be referred to a referendum, the President may cause the matter to be referred to a referendum in the form of a question that is capable of being answered either by "Yes" or "No". ### Part III, Chapter 2: Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) [^80]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^81]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 10 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****50**** There shall be a Parliament consisting of two houses to be known as the National Assembly and the Senate. [^82]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 16 (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > | **51** | **National Assembly.** [^90][ \| (1) \| There shall be three hundred and forty-two seats of the members in the National Assembly, including seats reserved for women and non-Muslims. \| \| --- \| --- \| \| \| \| \| (1A) \| The seats in the National Assembly referred to in clause (1), except as provided in clause (2A), are allocated to each Province, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the Federal Capital as under- \\\| \\\| General \\\| Women \\\| Total \\\| \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| \\\| Balochistan \\\| 14 \\\| 3 \\\| 17 \\\| \\\| NWFP \\\| 35 \\\| 8 \\\| 43 \\\| \\\| The Punjab \\\| 148 \\\| 35 \\\| 183 \\\| \\\| Sind \\\| 61 \\\| 14 \\\| 75 \\\| \\\| FATA \\\| 12 \\\| - \\\| 12 \\\| \\\| Federal Capital \\\| 2 \\\| - \\\| 2 \\\| \\\| Total \\\| 272 \\\| 60 \\\| 332 \\\| \| \| \| \| ][^90] **(2)** A person shall be entitled to vote if: **(a)** he is a citizen of Pakistan; **(b)** he is not less than [^91][eighteen][^91] years of age; **(c)** his name appears on the electoral roll; and **(d)** he is not declared by a competent court to be of unsound mind [^93][.][^93] [^94][][^94] [^95][ **(2A)** In addition to the number of seats referred to in clause (1A), there shall be, in the National Assembly, ten seats reserved for non-Muslims. ][^95] **(3)** The seats in the National Assembly shall be allocated to each Province, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the Federal Capital on the basis of population in accordance with the last preceding census officially published. [^98][ **(4)** For the purpose of election to the National Assembly,- **(a)** the constituencies for the general seats shall be single member territorial constituencies and the members to fill such seats shall be elected by direct and free vote in accordance with law; **(b)** each Province shall be a single constituency for all; **(c)** the constituency for all seats reserved for non-Muslims shall be the whole country; **(d)** members to the seats reserved for women which are allocated to a Province under clause (1A) shall be elected in accordance with law through proportional representation system of political parties' lists of candidates on the basis of total number of general seats secured by each political party from the Province concerned in the National Assembly: > [^99][**Provided** that for the purpose of this sub-clause the total number of general seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned candidate or candidates who may duly join such political party within three days of the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates.][^99] **(e)** members to the seats reserved for non-Muslims shall be elected in accordance with law through proportional representation system of political parties lists of candidates on the basis of total number of general seats won by each political party in the National Assembly: > [^100][**Provided** that for the purpose of this sub-clause the total number of general seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned candidate or candidates who may duly join such political party within three days of the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates.][^100] ][^98][^103][][^103] | > | --- | --- | > | | | [^83]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 3(i) (with effect from May 31, 2018) for "three hundred and forty-two". [^84]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 3(ii) (with effect from May 31, 2018) for : > [^85][ > > | (3) | The seats in the National Assembly referred to in clause (1), except as provided in clause (4), shall be allocated to each Province, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the Federal Capital as under- \| \| General Seats \| Women Seats \| Total Seats \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| Balochistan \| 16 \| 4 \| 20 \| \| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa \| 39 \| 9 \| 48 \| \| Punjab \| 141 \| 33 \| 174 \| \| Sindh \| 61 \| 14 \| 75 \| \| Federally Administered Tribal Areas \| 12 \| - \| 12 \| \| Federal Capital \| 3 \| - \| 3 \| \| Total \| 272 \| 60 \| 332 \| | > | --- | --- | > | | | > > ][^85] [^85]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 2017 (38 of 2017), Article 2(a) (with effect from December 22, 2017) for : > | (3) | The seats in the National Assembly referred to in clause (1), except as provided in clause (4), shall be allocated to each Province, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the Federal Capital as under- \| \| General Seats \| Women \| Total \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| Balochistan \| 14 \| 3 \| 17 \| \| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa \| 35 \| 8 \| 43 \| \| Punjab \| 148 \| 35 \| 183 \| \| Sindh \| 61 \| 14 \| 75 \| \| Federally Administered Tribal Areas \| 12 \| - \| 12 \| \| Federal Capital \| 2 \| - \| 2 \| \| Total \| 272 \| 60 \| 332 \| | > | --- | --- | > | | | [^86]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 3(iii) (with effect from May 31, 2018). [^87]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 2017 (38 of 2017), Article 2(b) (with effect from December 22, 2017) for : > **(5)** The seats in the National Assembly shall be allocated to each Province, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the Federal Capital on the basis of population in accordance with the last preceding census officially published. [^88]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 3(iv) (with effect from May 31, 2018) : "Save as provided in clause (3) in respect of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas,". [^89]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 3(iv) (with effect from May 31, 2018) for "the". [^90]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 3(1) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > **(1)** The National Assembly shall consist of two hundred and seven Muslim members to be elected by direct and free vote in accordance with law. [^91]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 3(2) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "[^92][twenty-one][^92]". [^92]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 11 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "eighteen". [^93]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 11(2)(b) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for ":". [^94]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 11(2)(c) (with effect from March 2, 1985) : : > > **Provided** that, for the purpose of the first general election to the National Assembly or an election to a seat falling vacant before the holding of a second general election to the Assembly paragraph (b) shall have effect as if for the word "eighteen" therein the word "twenty-one" were substituted. [^95]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 3(1) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > [^96][ > > **(2A)** In addition to the number of seats referred to in clause (1), there shall be in the National Assembly ten additional seats reserved as follows for the person referred to in clause (3) of Article 106: > > **Christians.** 4 > > **Hindus and persons belonging to the scheduled casts.** 4 > > **Sikh, Buddhist and Parsi communities and other non-Muslims.** 1 > > **Persons belonging to the Quadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves Ahmadis)** 1 > > ][^96] [^96]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 11(3) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > [^97][ > > **(2A)** In addition to the number of seats referred to in clause (1), there shall be in the National Assembly six additional seats for the persons referred to in clause (3) of Article 106. > > ][^97] [^97]: Inserted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Article 5(a) (with effect from November 21, 1975). [^98]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 3(3) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > **(4)** Until the expiration of a period of ten years from the commencing day or the holding of the [^101][third][^101] general election to the National Assembly, whichever occurs later, [^102][twenty seats][^102] in addition to the number of seats referred to in clause (1) shall be reserved for women and allocated to the Provinces in accordance with the Constitution and law. [^99]: Inserted by Legal Framework (Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 29 of 2002), Section 2(1)(i) (with effect from October 9, 2002). [^100]: Inserted by Legal Framework (Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 29 of 2002), Section 2(1)(ii) (with effect from October 9, 2002). [^101]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 3 (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "second". [^102]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 11(5) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "ten seats". [^103]: The following was omitted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 3(5) (with effect from August 21, 2002) : : > [^104][ > > **(4A)** The members to fill the seats referred to in clause (2A) shall be elected, simultaneously with the members to fill the seats referred to in clause (1), on the basis of separate electorates by direct and free vote in accordance with law. > > **(5)** As soon as practicable after the general election to the National Assembly, the members to fill seats reserved for women which are allocated to a Province under clause (4) shall be elected in accordance with law on the basis of the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote by the electoral college consisting of the persons elected to the Assembly from that Province. > > ][^104] > > **(6)** Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article, the President may, by Order, make such provision as to the manner of filling the seats in the National Assembly allocated to the Federally Administered Tribal Areas as he may think fit. [^104]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 11(5) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > [^105][ > > **(4A)** As soon as practicable after the general election to the National Assembly, the members to fill seats reserved in that Assembly for the persons referred to in clause (2A) shall be elected in accordance with law by the members of the Assembly referred to in clause (1). > > ][^105] > > **(5)** For the purpose of election to the seats allocated to a province under clause (4), the members of the National Assembly from that Province shall constitute the electoral college. [^105]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Article 5(b) (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^106]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^107]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 12 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "two". [^108]: Substituted by Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act, 1985 (1 of 1987), Article 2 (with effect from March 25, 1987) for "[^109][sixty][^109]". [^109]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 12 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "thirty". [^110]: Inserted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Article 6 (with effect from November 21, 1975). [^111]: Renumbered by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 13 (with effect from March 2, 1985) [^112]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 13 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^113]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 4 (with effect from November 9, 1985) for : > **(3)** At the commencement of each session of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), the President shall address both Houses assembled together and inform the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of the causes of its summons. [^114]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 17 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 58. Dissolution of the National Assembly > > [^115][(1)][^115] The President shall dissolve the National Assembly if so advised by the Prime Minister; and the National Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, stand dissolved at the expiration of forty-eight hours after the Prime Minister has so advised. > > > Explanation:- Reference in this Article to "Prime Minister" shall not be construed to include reference to a Prime Minister against whom a [^116][notice of a resolution for a vote of no-confidence has been given][^116] in the National Assembly but has not been voted upon or against whom such a resolution has been passed or who is continuing in office after his resignation or after the dissolution of the National Assembly [^117][][^117]. > > [^118][ > > **(2)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (2) of Article 48, the President may also dissolve the National Assembly in his discretion where, in his opinion,:- > > **(a)** a vote of no-confidence having been passed against the Prime Minister, no other member of the National Assembly is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution as ascertained in a session of the National Assembly summoned for the purpose; or > > [^119][][^119][^120][ > > **(b)** a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Federation cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and an appeal to the electorate is necessary. > > ][^120] > > ][^118][^122][ > > **(3)** The President in case of dissolution of the National Assembly under paragraph (b) of clause (2) shall, within fifteen days of the dissolution, refer the matter to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court shall decide the reference within thirty days whose decision shall be final. > > ][^122] [^115]: Renumbered by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 14(1) (with effect from March 2, 1985) [^116]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 5(a) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "resolution for a vote of no confidence has been moved". [^117]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 14(1) (with effect from March 2, 1985) : "or a Federal Minister performing the functions of Prime Minister under clause (1) or clause (3) of Article 95". [^118]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 5(b) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for : > [^121][ > > **(2)** The President may also dissolve the National Assembly in his discretion where, in his opinion, An appeal to the electorate is necessary. > > ][^121] [^119]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1997 (1 of 1997), Section 2 (with effect from April 3, 1997) : : > **(b)** a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Federation cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and an appeal to the electorate is necessary. [^120]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 4 (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^121]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 14(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^122]: Inserted by Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (3 of 2003), Article 3 (with effect from December 31, 2003). [^123]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 18 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 59. The Senate > > [^129][ > > **(1)** The Senate shall consist of one-hundred members, of whom, - > > **(a)** fourteen shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly; > > **(b)** eight shall be elected [^130][][^130] from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, in such manner as the President may, by Order, prescribe; > > **(c)** two on general seats, and one woman and one technocrat including aalim shall be elected from the Federal Capital in such manner as the President may, by Order, prescribe; > > **(d)** four women shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly; > > **(e)** four technocrats including ulema shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly. > > ][^129] > > **(2)** Election to fill seats in the Senate allocated to each Province shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote. > > [^139][ > > **(3)** The Senate shall not be subject to dissolution but the term of its members, who shall retire as follows, shall be six years:- [^140][ > > **(a)** of the members referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1), seven shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and seven shall retire after the expiration of the next three years. > > **(b)** of the members referred to in paragraph (b) of the aforesaid clause, four shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and four shall retire after the expiration of the next three years; > > **(c)** of the members referred to in paragraph (c) of the aforesaid clause, one shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and two shall retire after the expiration of the next three years; and > > **(d)** of the members referred to in paragraph (d) of the aforesaid clause, two shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and three shall retire after the expiration of the next three years; > > ][^140] > > > **Provided** that the term of office of a person elected [^141][][^141] to fill a casual vacancy shall be the unexpired term of the member whose vacancy he has filled. > > ][^139][^142][][^142] [^124]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 4(1)(a) (with effect from May 31, 2018) for "one-hundred and four members". [^125]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 4(1)(b) (with effect from May 31, 2018) : : > **(b)** eight shall be elected from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, in such manner as the President may, by Order, prescribe; [^126]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 4(2) (with effect from May 31, 2018) : : > **(b)** of the members referred to in paragraph (b) of the aforesaid clause, four shall retire of the expiration of the first three years and four shall retire after the expiration of the next three years; [^127]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 5 (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^128]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 4(3) (with effect from May 31, 2018). [^129]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 5 (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > **(1)** The Senate shall consist of [^132][eighty-seven][^132] members, of whom,: > > **(a)** fourteen shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly; > > **(b)** [^133][eight][^133] shall be elected by the members from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas in the National Assembly; [^134][][^134] > > **(c)** [^135][three][^135] shall be [^136][elected][^136] from the Federal Capital in such manner as the President may, by Order, prescribe [^137][; and][^137] > > [^138][ > > **(d)** five shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly to represent ulema, technocrats and other professionals. > > ][^138] [^130]: The following was omitted by Legal Framework (Second Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 32 of 2002), Section 2(2) (with effect from August 21, 2002) : "[^131][by direct and free vote][^131]". [^131]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 5 (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^132]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 15(1)(a) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "sixty-three". [^133]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 15(1)(b)(i) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "five". [^134]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 15(1)(b)(ii) (with effect from March 2, 1985) : "and". [^135]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 15(1)(c)(i) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "two". [^136]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 6(a) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "chosen". [^137]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 15(1)(c)(ii) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for ".". [^138]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 15(1)(d) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^139]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 15(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > **(3)** The Senate shall not be subject to dissolution but the term of office of its members shall be four years, half of them retiring every two years, except in the case of the members elected by the members from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, of whom three shall retire after the expiration of the first two years and two shall retire after the expiration of the next two years: > > > **Provided** that the term of office of a person elected or chosen to fill a casual vacancy shall be the unexpired term of the member whose vacancy he has filled." [^140]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 6(b)(i) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for : > **(a)** of the members referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) of clause (1), six shall retire after the expiration of the first two years, six shall retire after the expiration of the next two years and seven shall retire after the expiration of the next two years; > > **(b)** of the members referred to in paragraph (b), two shall retire after the expiration of the first two years and three shall retire after the expiration of every two years thereafter; and > > **(c)** of the members referred to in paragraph (c), one shall retire after the expiration of every two years. [^141]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 6(b)(ii) (with effect from November 9, 1985) : "or chosen". [^142]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 6(c) (with effect from November 9, 1985) : : > [^143][ > > **(4)** A casual vacancy in the office of a member referred to in paragraph (d) of clause (1) shall be filled for the remainder of the term of such member by the members of the Provincial Assembly by whom such member had been elected electing another person under the said paragraph. > > ][^143] [^143]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 15(3) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^144]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 7 (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "two". [^145]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Article 5 (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^146]: Substituted by Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act, 1985 (1 of 1987), Article 3 (with effect from March 25, 1987) for "[^147][one hundred and sixty][^147]". [^147]: Substituted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 24 of 1985), Section 2 (with effect from March 19, 1985) for "one hundred and thirty". [^148]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 19 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "ninety". [^149]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)". [^150]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 20 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 62. Qualifications for membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) > > A person shall not be qualified to be elected or chosen as a member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) unless :- > > **(a)** he is a citizen of Pakistan; > > [^152][ > > **(b)** he is, in the case of the National Assembly, not less than twenty -five years of age and is enrolled as a voter in any electoral roll in- > > **(i)** any part of Pakistan, for election to a general seat or a seat reserved for non-Muslims; and > > **(ii)** any area in a Province from which he seeks membership for election to a seat reserved for women. > > ][^152] > > **(c)** he is, in the case of Senate, not less than thirty years of age and is enrolled as a voter in any area in a Province or, as the case may be, the Federal Capital or the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, from where he seeks membership; > > **(d)** he is of good character and is not commonly known as one who violates Islamic Injunctions; > > **(e)** he has adequate knowledge of Islamic teachings and practices obligatory duties prescribed by Islam as well as abstains from major sins ; > > **(f)** he is sagacious, righteous and non-profligate and honest and ameen; > > **(g)** he has not been convicted for a crime involving moral turpitude or for giving false evidence; > > **(h)** he has not, after the establishment of Pakistan, worked against the integrity of the country or opposed the Ideology of Pakistan > > > **Provided** that the disqualifications specified in paragraphs (d) and (e) shall not apply to a person who is a non-Muslim, but such a person shall have good moral reputation; and > > **(i)** he possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed by Act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament). [^151]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 5 (with effect from May 31, 2018) : "or the Federally Administered Tribal Areas". [^152]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 6 (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > **(b)** he is, in the case of National Assembly, not less than twenty-five years of age and is enrolled as a voter in any electoral roll for election to a Muslim seat or a non-Muslim seat as the case may be in that Assembly; [^153]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 21 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > [^154][ > > ### 63. Disqualifications for membership of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) > > **(1)** A person shall be disqualified from being elected or chosen as, and from being, a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), if:- > > **(a)** he is of unsound mind and has been so declared by a competent court; or > > **(b)** he is an undischarged insolvent; or > > **(c)** he ceases to be a citizen of Pakistan, or acquires the citizenship of a foreign State; or > > **(d)** he holds an office of profit in the service of Pakistan other than an office declared by law not to disqualify its holder; or > > **(e)** he is in the service of any statutory body of any body which is owned or controlled by the Government or in which the Government has a controlling share or interest; or > > **(f)** being a citizen of Pakistan by virtue of section 14B of the Pakistan Citizenship Act, 1951 (II of 1951), he is for the time being disqualified under any law in force in Azad Jammu and Kashmir from being elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Azad Jammu and Kashmir; or > > **(g)** he is propagating any opinion, or acting in any manner, prejudicial to the Ideology of Pakistan, or the sovereignty, integrity or security of Pakistan, or morality, or the maintenance of public order, or the integrity or independence of the judiciary of Pakistan, or which defames or brings into ridicule the judiciary or the Armed Forces of Pakistan; or > > [^155][ > > **(h)** he has been convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction on a charge of corrupt practice, moral turpitude or misuse of power or authority under any law for the time being in force; or > > **(i)** he has been dismissed from the service of Pakistan or service of a corporation or office set up or controlled by the Federal Government, Provincial Government or a Local Government on the grounds of misconduct or moral turpitude; or > > **(j)** he has been removed or compulsorily retired from the service of Pakistan or service of a corporation or office set up or controlled by the Federal Government, Provincial Government or a Local Government on the grounds of misconduct or moral turpitude; or > > ][^155] > > **(k)** he has been in the service of Pakistan or of any statutory body or any body which is owned or controlled by the Government or in which the Government has a controlling share or interest, unless a period of two years has elapsed since he ceased to be in such service; or > > **(l)** he is found guilty of a corrupt or illegal practice under any law for the time being in force, unless a period of five years has elapsed from the date on which that order takes effect; or > > **(m)** he has been convicted under section 7 of the Political Parties Act, 1962 (III of 1962), unless a period of five years has elapsed from the date of such conviction; or > > **(n)** he, whether by himself or by any person or body of persons in trust for him or for his benefit or on his account or as a member of a Hindu undivided family, has any share or interest in a contract, not being a contract between a cooperative society and Government, for the supply of goods to, or for the execution of any contract or for the performance of any service undertaken by, Government: > > > **Provided** that the disqualification under this paragraph shall not apply to a person- > > > > **(i)** where the share or interest in the contract devolves on him by inheritance or succession or as a legatee, executor or administrator, until the expiration of six months after it has so devolved on him; > > > > **(ii)** where the contract has been entered into by or on behalf of a public company as defined in the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XLVII of 1984), of which he is a share-holder but is not a director holding an office of profit under the company; or > > > > **(iii)** where he is a member of a Hindu undivided family and the contract has been entered into by any other member of that family in the course of carrying on a separate business in which he has no share or interest; or > > > Explanation.- In this Article "goods" does not include agricultural produce or commodity grown or produced by him or such goods as he is, under any directive of Government or any law for the time being in force, under a duty or obligation to supply. > > **(o)** he holds any office of profit in the service of Pakistan other than the following offices, namely :- > > **(i)** an office which is not whole time office remunerated either by salary or by fee; > > **(ii)** the office of Lumbardar, whether called by this or any other title; > > **(iii)** the Qaumi Razakars; > > **(iv)** any office the holder whereof, by virtue of such office, is liable to be called up for military training or military service under any law providing for the constitution or raising of a Force; or > > [^156][ > > **(p)** he has been convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for having absconded by a competent court under any law for the time being in force; or > > **(q)** he has obtained a loan for a an amount of two million rupees or more, from any bank, financial institution, cooperative society or cooperative body in his own name or in the name of his spouse or any of his dependents, which remains unpaid for more than one year from the due date, or has got such loan written off; or > > **(r)** he or his spouse or any of his dependents has defaulted in payment of government dues and utility expenses, including telephone, electricity, gas and water charges in excess of ten thousand rupees, for over six months, at the time of filing his nomination papers[^157][; or][^157] > > ][^156][^158][ > > **(s)** he is for the time being disqualified from being elected or chosen as a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or of a Provincial Assembly under any law for the time being in force. > > ][^158] > > [^159][ > > **(2)** If any question arises whether a member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) has become disqualified from being a member, the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman shall, within thirty days from raising of such question refer the question to the Chief Election Commissioner. > > ][^159][^160][ > > **(3)** Where a question is referred to the Chief Election Commissioner under clause (2), he shall lay such question before the Election Commission which shall give its decision thereon not later than three months from its receipt by he Chief Election Commissioner. > > ][^160] > > ][^154] [^154]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 16 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****63**** **(1)** A person shall be disqualified from being elected or chosen as, and from being, a member of Parliament, if:- > > **(a)** he is of unsound mind and has been so declared by a competent court; or > > **(b)** he is an undischarged insolvent; or > > **(c)** he ceases to be a citizen of Pakistan, or acquires the citizenship of a foreign State; or > > **(d)** he holds any office of profit in the service of Pakistan other than an office declared by law not to disqualify its holder; or > > **(e)** he is so disqualified by Act of Parliament > > **(2)** If any question arises whether a member of Parliament has become disqualified from being a member, the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman shall refer the question to the Chief Election Commissioner and, if the Chief Election Commissioner is of the opinion that the member has become disqualified, he shall cease to be a member and his seat shall become vacant. [^155]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 7(1)(a) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > **(h)** he has been, on conviction for any offence which in the opinion of the Chief Election Commissioner involves moral turpitude, sentenced to imprisonment for a term of not less than two years, unless a period of five years has elapsed since his release; or > > **(i)** he has been dismissed from the service of Pakistan on the ground of misconduct, unless a period of five years has elapsed since his dismissal; or > > **(j)** he has been removed or compulsorily retired from the service of Pakistan on the ground of misconduct unless a period of three years has elapsed since his removal or compulsory retirement; or [^156]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 7(1)(b) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > **(p)** he is for the time being disqualified from being elected or chosen as a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or of a Provincial Assembly under any law for the time being in force. [^157]: Substituted by Legal Framework (Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 29 of 2002), Article 2(2) (with effect from October 9, 2002) for ".". [^158]: Inserted by Legal Framework (Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 29 of 2002), Article 2(2) (with effect from October 9, 2002). [^159]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 7(2) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > **(2)** If any question arises whether a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) has become disqualified from being a member, the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman shall refer the question to the Chief Election Commissioner and, if the Chief Election Commissioner is of the opinion that the member has become disqualified, he shall cease to be a member and his seat shall become vacant. [^160]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 7(3) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^161]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 22 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > [^163][ > > ### 63A. Disqualification on grounds of defection, etc > > **(1)** If a member of a Parliamentary Party composed of a single political party in a House- > > **(a)** resigns from membership of his political party or joins another Parliamentary Party; or > > **(b)** votes or abstains from voting in the House contrary to any direction issued by the Parliamentary Party to which he belongs, in relations to- > > **(i)** election of the Prime Minister or the Chief Minister; or > > **(ii)** a vote of confidence or a vote of no-confidence; or > > **(iii)** a Money Bill; > > he may be declared in writing by the Head of the Parliamentary Party to have defected from the political party, and the Head of the Parliamentary Party may forward a copy of the declaration to the Presiding Officer, and shall similarly forward a copy thereof to the member concerned: > > > **Provided** that before making the declaration, the Head of the Parliamentary Party shall provide such member with an opportunity to show cause as to why such declaration may not be made against him. > > **(2)** A member of a House shall be deemed to be a member of a Parliamentary Party if he having been elected as a candidate or nominee of a political party which constitutes the Parliamentary Party in the House or, having been elected otherwise than as a candidate or nominee of a political party, has become a member of such Parliamentary Party after such election by means of a declaration in writing. > > **(3)** Upon receipt of the declaration under clause (1), the Presiding Officer of the House shall within two days refer the declaration to the Chief Election Commissioner who shall lay the declaration before the Election Commission for its decision thereon confirming the declaration or otherwise within thirty days of its receipt by the Chief Election Commissioner. > > **(4)** Where the Election Commission confirms the declaration, the member referred to in clause (1) shall cease to be a member of the House and his seat shall become vacant. > > **(5)** Any party aggrieved by the decision of the Election Commission may within thirty days, prefer an appeal to the Supreme Court which shall decide the matter within three months from the date of the filing of the appeal. > > **(6)** Nothing contained in this Article shall apply to the Chairman or Speaker of a House. > > **(7)** For the purpose of this Article - > > **(a)** "House" means the National Assembly or the Senate in relation to the Federation and a Provincial Assembly in relation to the Province, as the case may be. > > **(b)** "Presiding Officer" means the Speaker of the National Assembly, the Chairman of the Senate or the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly, as the case may be. > > ][^163] [^162]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 6 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme". [^163]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 8 (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > [^164][ > > ### 63A. Disqualification on ground of defection, etc > > **(1)** If a member of a Parliamentary Party defects, he may be means of a notice in writing addressed to him by the Head of the Political Party or such other person as may be authorized in this behalf by the Head of the Political Party, be called upon the show cause, within not more than seven days of such a notice, as to why a Declaration under clause (2) should not be made against him. If a notice is issued under this clause, the Presiding Officer of the concerned House shall be informed accordingly. > > > **Explanation:**A member of a House shall be deemed to defect from a political party if he, having been elected as such, as a candidate or nominee of a political party: or under a symbol of political party or having been elected otherwise than as a candidate or nominee of a political party, and having become a member of a political party after such election by means of a declaration in writing :- > > > > **(a)** commits a breach of party discipline which means a violation of the party constitution, code of conduct and declared policies, or > > > > **(b)** votes contrary to any direction issued by the Parliamentary Party to which he belongs, or > > > > **(c)** abstain from voting in the House against party policy in relation to any bill. > > **(2)** Where action is proposed to be taken under the Explanation to clause (1), sub-clause (a) the disciplinary committee of the party on a reference by the Head of the Party, shall decide the matter, after giving an opportunity of a personal hearing to the member concerned within seven days. In the event the decision is against the member, he can file an appeal, within seven days, before the Head of the Party, whose decision thereon shall be final, in cases covered by the Explanation to clause (1), sub-clauses (b) and (c), the declaration may be made by the Head of the Party concerned after examining the explanation of the member and determining whether or not that member has defected. > > **(3)** The Presiding Officer of the House shall be intimated the decision by Head of the Political Party in addition to intimation which shall also be concerned member. The Presiding Officer shall within two days transmit the decision to the Chief Election Commissioner. The Chief Election Commissioner, shall give effect to such decision, within seven days from the date of the receipt of such intimation by declaring the seat vacant and amend it under the schedule of the bye-election. > > **(4)** Nothing contained in this Article shall apply to the Chairman or Speaker of a House. > > **(5)** For the purpose of this Article:- > > **(a)** "House" means the National Assembly or the Senate, in relation to and the Federation; and a Provincial Assembly in relation to the Province, as the case may be. > > **(b)** "Presiding Officer" means the Speaker of the National Assembly, the Chairman of the Senate or the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly, as case may be. > > **(6)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, no court including the Supreme Court and a High Court shall entertain any legal proceedings, exercise any jurisdiction, or make any order in relation to the action under this Article. > > ][^164] [^164]: Inserted by Constitution (Fourteenth Amendment) Act, 1997 (24 of 1997), Article 2 (with effect from July 3, 1997). [^165]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^166]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^167]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^168]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^169]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^170]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^171]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^172]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^173]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^174]: For the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Senate, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1973, Extraordinary, Part II, Pages 1543-1620. For the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the National Assembly, 1973, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1973, Extraordinary, Part II, pages 1897-1957. [^175]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^176]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 7 (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^177]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^178]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^179]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^180]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^181]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 23 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > [^182][ > > ### 70. Introduction and passing of Bills > > **(1)** A Bill with respect to any matter in the Federal Legislative List or in the Concurrent Legislative List may originate in either House and shall, if it is passed by the House in which it originated, be transmitted to the other House; and, if the Bill is passed without amendment, by the other House also, it shall he presented to the President for assent. > > **(2)** if a Bill transmitted to a House under clause (1) is rejected or is not passed within ninety days of its receipt or is passed with amendment, the Bill, at the request of the House in which it originated, shall be [^183][referred to a Mediation Committee constituted under Article 71 for consideration and resolution thereon][^183]. > > **(3)** If a request is made under clause (2), the President shall summon a joint sitting; and, if the Bill is passed in the joint sitting, with or without amendment, by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the two Houses, it shall be presented to the President for assent. > > **(4)** In this Article and the succeeding provisions of the Constitution, "Federal Legislative List" and "Concurrent Legislative List" mean respectively the Federal Legislative List and the Concurrent Legislative List in the Fourth Schedule. > > ][^182] [^182]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 17 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****70**** **(1)** A Bill with respect to any matter in Part I of the Federal Legislative List shall originate in the National Assembly and shall, if it is passed by the Assembly, be transmitted to the Senate for its consideration. > > **(2)** The Senate may, within ninety days of the receipt of the Bill under clause (1), either pass it, with or without amendment, or reject it; and upon the failure of the Senate so to do, the Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by it without amendment at the expiration of that period. > > **(3)** If the Bill is passed without amendment by the Senate, or is deemed to have been so passed, it shall be presented to the President for assent. > > **(4)** If the Bill is passed with amendment or is rejected by the Senate, it shall be reconsidered by the National Assembly; and, if the Bill is again passed by the National Assembly, with or without amendment, it shall be presented to the President for assent. > > **(5)** For the purposes of the procedure prescribed in this Article, the question whether or not a Bill is with respect to any matter in Part I of the Federal Legislative List shall be decided by the President whose decision shall be final. > > **(6)** In this Article and the succeeding provisions of the Constitution, "Federal Legislative List" and "Concurrent Legislative List" mean respectively the Federal Legislative List and the Concurrent Legislative List in the Fourth Schedule. [^183]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 9 (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "considered in a joint sitting". [^184]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 17 (with effect from March 2, 1985) : : > ****71.**** **(1)** A Bill with respect to any matter in Part II of the Federal Legislative List or in the Concurrent Legislative List may originate in either House and shall, if it is passed by one House, be transmitted to the other House; and if the Bill is passed without amendment, by the other House also it shall be presented to the President for assent. > > **(2)** If a Bill transmitted to a House under clause (1) is rejected or is not passed within ninety days of its receipt or is passed with amendment, the Bill, at the request of the House in which it originated, shall be considered in a joint sitting. > > **(3)** If a request is made under clause (2), the President shall summon a joint sitting; and if the Bill is passed in the joint sitting, with or without amendment, by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the two houses, the Bill shall be presented to the President for assent. [^185]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 24 (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > [^186][ > > ### 71. Mediation Committee > > **(1)** Both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall, within fifteen days from the date of referral of the Bill by the House in which it was originated for consideration and resolution by the Mediation Committee under clause (2) of Article 70 nominate eight members each as members of a Mediation Committee. > > **(2)** The House in which the Bill was originated shall nominate a member of the Mediation Committee as Chairman of the Committee and the other House shall nominate a member as the Vice-Chairman thereof. > > **(3)** All decisions of the Mediation Committee shall be made by a majority of the total number of members of each House in the Committee. > > **(4)** The President may, in consultation with the Speaker of the National Assembly and Chairman of the Senate, make rules for conduct of business of the Mediation Committee. > > ][^186] [^186]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 10 (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^187]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Sect. 25 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > [^188][ > > **(1)** Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 70, a Money Bill shall originate in the National Assembly. > > > **Provided** that simultaneously when a Money Bill, including the Finance Bill containing the Annual Budget Statement, is presented in the National Assembly, a copy thereof shall be transmitted to the Senate which may, within seven days, make recommendations thereon to the National Assembly. > > **(1A)** The National Assembly shall, consider the recommendations of the Senate and after the Bill has been passed by the Assembly with or without incorporating the recommendations of the Senate, it shall be presented to the President for assent. > > ][^188] [^188]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 11 (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > **(1)** Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 70 [^189][][^189], a Money Bill shall originate in the National Assembly and after it has been passed by the Assembly it shall, without being transmitted to the Senate, be presented to the President for assent. [^189]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 18 (with effect from March 2, 1985) : "or Article 71". [^190]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^191]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2 and Sched. item 19 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****75**** **(1)** The President shall assent to a Bill within seven days after it has been presented to him for assent under Article 70, Article 71 or Article 73 and if the President fails to do so he shall be deemed to have assented to the Bill at the expiration of the said period. > > **(2)** When the President has assented or is deemed to have assented to a Bill, it shall become law and be called an Act of Parliament. > > **(3)** No Act of Parliament, and no provision in any such Act, shall be invalid by reason only that some recommendation. previous sanction or consent required by the Constitution was not given if that Act was assented to or deemed to have been assented to in accordance with the Constitution. [^192]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 26(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "[^193][thirty][^193]". [^193]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 8(a) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "forty-five". [^194]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 26(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > [^195][ > > **(2)** When the President has returned a Bill to the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), it shall be reconsidered by the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) [^196][][^196] and, if it is again passed, with or without amendment, by the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), [^197][in accordance with Article 70][^197] it shall be deemed for the purposes of the Constitution to have been passed by both Houses and shall be presented to the President and the President shall not withhold assent therefrom. > > ][^195] [^195]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 8(b) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for : > **(2)** When the President has returned a Bill to the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), it shall be reconsidered by the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) in joint sitting and, if it is again passed with or without amendment, by the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the two Houses, it shall be again presented to the President and the President shall assent thereto. [^196]: The following was omitted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 12(a) (with effect from August 21, 2002) : "in joint sitting". [^197]: Substituted by , Article 3(1), Sch. item 12(a) (with effect from ) for "by the votes of the majority of the members of both Houses present and voting". [^198]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 26(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^199]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^200]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 8 (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^201]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^202]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 9(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^203]: Inserted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 2(i) (with effect from January 1, 2011). [^204]: Substituted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 2(ii) (with effect from January 1, 2011) for : > **(b)** the administrative expenses, including the remuneration payable to officers and servants of the Supreme Court, the department of the Auditor-General and the Office of the Chief Election Commissioner and of the Election Commission and the Secretariats of the Senate and the National Assembly; [^205]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 2 (with effect from June 8, 2016) for "servants". [^206]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 5(i) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for "Supreme Court". [^207]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 9(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^208]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 5(ii) (with effect from October 21, 2024) : "and". [^209]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 5(ii) (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^210]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^211]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^212]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^213]: For the National Assembly Secretariat (Recruitment)Rules 1973, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1973, Extraordinary, part 11 pages 2279-2286. For the Senate Secretariat (Recruitment) Rules, 1973, see ibid., Pages 2301-2307. [^214]: For the National Assembly (Finance Committee) Rules, 1973, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1973, Extraordinary, Part II, pages 2451-2454. For the Senate (Finance Committee) Rules, 1973, see ibid., pages 2479-2482. [^215]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 27(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^216]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^217]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^218]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 20 of 1985), Section 2(a) (with effect from March 19, 1985) for "is with respect to a matter in Part I of the Federal Legislative List". [^219]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 27(ii)(a) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "four months". [^220]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 27(ii)(a) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for ";". [^221]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 27(ii)(a) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^222]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 20 of 1985), Section 2(b) (with effect from March 19, 1985) for "is with respect to a matter in Part II of the Federal Legislative List or a matter in the Concurrent Legislative List". [^223]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 27(ii)(b) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "four months". [^224]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 27(ii)(b) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "; and". [^225]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 27(ii)(b) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^226]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 27(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(3)** Without prejudice to the provisions of clause (2) an Ordinance laid before the National Assembly, shall be deemed to be a Bill introduced in the National Assembly. ### Part III, Chapter 3: The Federal Government [^227]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 20 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****90**** **(1)** Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the Federation shall be exercised in the name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting of the Prime Minister and the Federal Ministers which shall act through the Prime Minister who shall be the chief executive of the Federation. > > **(2)** In the performance of his functions under the Constitution, the Prime Minister may act either directly or through the Federal Ministers. > > **(3)** The Prime Minister and the Federal Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the National Assembly. > > ****91.**** **(1)** The National Assembly shall meet on the thirtieth day following the day on which a general election to the Assembly is held, unless sooner summoned by the President. > > **(2)** After the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, the National Assembly shall, to the exclusion of any other business, proceed to elect without debate one of its Muslim members to be the Prime Minister. > > **(3)** The Prime Minister shall be elected by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the National Assembly: > > > **Provided** that, if no member secures such majority in the first poll, a second poll shall be held between the members who secure the two highest numbers of votes in the first poll and the member who secures majority of votes of the members present and voting shall be declared to have been elected as Prime Minister. > > > **Provided** further that, if the number of votes secured by two or more members securing the highest number of votes is equal, further poll shall be held between them until one of them secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting. > > **4** The member elected under clause (3) shall be called upon by the President to assume the office of Prime Minister and he shall, before entering upon the office, make before the President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. > > ****92**** **(1)** The Prime Minister shall appoint Federal Ministers and Ministers of State from amongst the members of Parliament: > > > **Provided** that the number of Federal Ministers and Ministers of State who are members of the Senate shall not at any time exceed one-fourth of the number of Federal Ministers. > > **(2)** Before entering upon office, a Federal Minister or a Minister of State shall make before the President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. > > **(3)** A Federal Minister or a Minister of State may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Prime Minister, resign his office or may by removed from office by the Prime Minister. > > ****93.**** **(1)** The Prime Minister shall continue to hold office until his successor enters upon the office of Prime Minister. > > **(2)** Nothing in Article 91 or Article 92 shall be construed to disqualify the Prime Minister or a Federal Minister or a Minister of State from continuing in office during the period the National Assembly stands dissolved. > > ****94.**** **(1)** Subject to clause (2), the Prime Minister may by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office and, when the Prime Minister resigns, the Federal Ministers and Minister of State shall cease to hold office. > > **(2)** The Prime Minister and, at the request of the Prime Minister, a Federal Minister shall continue to perform the functions of the office of Prime Minister or, as the case may be, Federal Minister until a new Prime Minister has been elected and has entered upon his office. > > **(3)** If the National Assembly is in session at the time when the Prime Minister resigns his office, the Assembly shall forthwith proceed to elect a Prime Minister, and if the Assembly is not in session the President shall for that purpose summon it to meet within fourteen days of the resignation. > > ****95.**** **(1)** In the event of the death of the Prime Minister or the office of Prime Minister becoming vacant by reason of his ceasing to be a member of the National Assembly, the most senior Federal Minister for the time being shall be called upon by the President to perform the functions of that office and the Federal Ministers and Ministers of State shall continue in office until a new Prime Minister has been elected and has entered upon his office. > > **(2)** If the National Assembly is in session at the time when the Prime Minister dies or the office of Prime Minister becomes vacant, the Assembly shall forthwith proceed to elect a Prime Minister, and if the Assembly is not in session the President shall for that purpose summon it to meet within fourteen days of the death of Prime Minister, or, as the case may be, of the office becoming vacant. > > **(3)** When the Prime Minister, by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause, is unable to perform his functions, the most senior Federal Minister for the time being shall perform the functions of Prime Minister until the Prime Minister returns to Pakistan or, as the case may be, resumes his functions. > > **(4)** In this Article, "most senior Federal Minister means the Federal Minister for the time being designated as such by the Prime Minister. > > ****96.**** **(1)** A resolution for a vote of no-confidence may be passed against the Prime Minister by the National Assembly. > > **(2)** A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be moved in the National Assembly unless, by the same resolution, the name of another member of the Assembly is put forward as the successor. > > **(3)** A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be moved in the National Assembly while the National Assembly is considering demands for grants submitted in the Annual Budget Statement. > > **(4)** A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be voted upon before the expiration of three days, or later than seven days, from the day on which such resolution is moved in the National Assembly. > > **(5)** If the resolution referred to in clause (1) is passed by a majority of the total membership of the National Assembly, the President shall call upon the person named in the resolution as the successor to assume office and on his entering upon office his predecessor and the Federal Ministers and Ministers of State appointed by him shall cease to hold office. > > > **Provided** that, for a period of ten years from the commencing day or the holding of the second general election to the National Assembly whichever occurs later, the vote of a member, elected to the National Assembly as a candidate or nominee of a political party, cast in support of a resolution for a vote of no-confidence shall be disregarded if the majority of the members of that political party in the National Assembly has cast its votes against the passing of such resolution. > > **(6)** If a resolution referred to in clause (1) is not passed, another such resolution shall not be moved until a period of six months has elapsed. [^228]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 28 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 90. Exercise of executive authority of the Federation > > [^229][(1)][^229] The executive authority of the Federation shall vest in the President and shall be exercised by him, either directly or through officers subordinate to him, in accordance with the Constitution. > > [^230][ > > **(2)** Nothing contained in clause (1) shall :- > > **(a)** be deemed to transfer to the President any functions conferred by any existing law on the Government of any Province or other authority; or > > **(b)** prevent the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) from conferring by law functions on authorities other than the President. > > ][^230] [^229]: Renumbered by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 9 (with effect from November 9, 1985) [^230]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 9 (with effect from November 9, 1985). [^231]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 29 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 91. The Cabinet > > **(1)** There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Prime Minister at its head, to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions. > > **(2)** The President shall in his discretion appoint from amongst the members of the National Assembly a Prime Minister who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly. > > [^232][ > > **(2A)** Notwithstanding any-thing contained in clause (2), after the twentieth day of March, one thousand nine hundred and ninety, the President shall invite the member of the National Assembly to be the Prime Minister who commands the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly, as ascertained in a session of the Assembly summoned for the purpose in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. > > ][^232] > > **(3)** The person appointed under clause (2) [^233][or as the case may be, invited under clause (2A)][^233] shall, before entering upon the office, make before the President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule and shall within a period of sixty days thereof obtain a vote of confidence from the National Assembly. > > **(4)** The Cabinet, together with the Ministers of State, shall be collectively responsible to the National Assembly. > > [^234][ > > **(5)** The Prime Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the President, but the President shall not exercise his powers under this clause unless he is satisfied that the Prime Minister does not command the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly, in which case he shall summon the National Assembly and require the Prime Minister to obtain a vote of confidence from the Assembly. > > ][^234] > > **(6)** The Prime Minister may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office. > > **(7)** A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the National Assembly shall, at the expiration of that period, cease to be a Minister and shall not before the dissolution of that Assembly be again appointed a Minister unless he is elected a member of that Assembly: > > > **Provided** that nothing contained in this clause shall apply to a Minister who is a member of the Senate. > > **(8)** Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as disqualifying the Prime Minister or any other Minister or a Minister of State for continuing in office during any period during which the National Assembly stands dissolved, or as preventing the appointment of any person as Prime Minister or other Minister or as Minister of State during any such period. [^232]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 10(a) (with effect from November 9, 1985). [^233]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 10(b) (with effect from November 9, 1985). [^234]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 10(c) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for : > **(5)** The Prime Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the President, but the President shall not exercise his powers under this clause unless he is satisfied that the Prime Minister does not command the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly. [^235]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 30(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "(7) and (8)". [^236]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 30(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for ".". [^237]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 30(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^238]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 10 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "five". [^239]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1977 (23 of 1977), Section 1(3) (with effect from September 13, 1977) : : > [^240][ > > ### 96A. Referendum as to confidence in Prime Minister > > **(1)** If at any time the Prime Minister considers it necessary to obtain a vote of confidence of the people of Pakistan through a referendum he may advise the President to cause the matter to be referred to referendum in accordance with law made by Parliament. > > **(2)** The law referred to in clause (1) shall provide for the constitution of a Referendum Commission and the manner and mode of holding a referendum. > > **(3)** On receipt of the advice of the Prime Minister under clause (1), the President shall call upon the Referendum Commission to conduct d referendum amongst the persons whose names appear on the electoral rolls for the immediately preceding general elections to the National Assembly as revised up-to-date. > > **(4)** Any dispute arising in connection with the counting of votes at a referendum shall be finally determined by the Referendum Commission or a member thereof authorised by it and, save as aforesaid, no dispute arising in connection with a referendum or the result thereof shall be raised or permitted to be raised before any Court or other authority whatsoever. > > **(5)** If, on the final count of the votes cast at the referendum the Prime Minister fails to secure majority of the total votes cast in the matter of the confidence of the people of Pakistan, he shall be deemed to have tendered his resignation within the meaning of Article 94. > > ][^240] [^240]: Inserted by Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1977 (23 of 1977), Section 2 (with effect from April 21, 1977). [^241]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^242]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^243]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^244]: [ ] [^245]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 31(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "President". [^246]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 31(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "in his name". [^247]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 31(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(3)** The President shall also make rules for the allocation and transaction of the business of the Federal Government. [^248]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 11 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme". [^249]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 32 (with effect from April 19, 2010). ### Part IV, Chapter 1: The Governors [^250]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 33(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(1)** There shall be a Governor for each Province, who shall be appointed by the President [^251][in his discretion][^251][^252][[^253][after consultation with][^253] the Prime Minister][^252]. [^251]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 22(1) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^252]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 11(1) (with effect from November 9, 1985). [^253]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 13 (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "[^254][on the advice of][^254]". [^254]: Substituted by Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1997 (1 of 1997), Section 3 (with effect from April 3, 1997) for "after consultation with". [^255]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 33(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^256]: Substituted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 2 (with effect from September 16, 1976) for ".". [^257]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 11(aa) (with effect from November 9, 1985) : : > > [^258][**Provided** that, after the holding of the first general election to the National Assembly, a person shall not be appointed to be the Governor of the Province of which he is a permanent resident.][^258] [^258]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 2 (with effect from September 16, 1976). [^259]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 11(b) (with effect from November 9, 1985) : : > [^260][ > > **(2A)** Nothing contained in the proviso to clause (2) shall apply during the period that [^261][a Proclamation under article 232 or][^261] Article 234 is in force. > > ][^260] [^260]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 2 (with effect from September 16, 1976). [^261]: Substituted by Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1977 (23 of 1977), Section 3 (with effect from April 21, 1977) for "an Order under paragraph (c) of clause (2) of Article 232 or a Proclamation under". [^262]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 6 (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^263]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 22 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^264]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 11(c) (with effect from November 9, 1985). [^265]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^266]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^267]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^268]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 34 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 104. Acting Governor > > When the governor is absent from Pakistan or is unable to perform the functions of his office due to any cause, such other person as the President may direct shall act as Governor. [^269]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 23 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****105**** **(1)** Subject to the Constitution, in the performance of his functions, the Governor shall act on and in accordance with the advice of the Chief Minister and such advice of the Chief Minister and such advice shall be binding on him. > > **(2)** The question whether any, and if so what, was tendered to the Governor by the Chief Minister shall not be inquired into in any court. [^270]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 35(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^271]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 12(a)(i) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "Chief Minister or appropriate Minister". [^272]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 12(a)(ii) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for : > > **Provided** that the Governor may require the Cabinet to reconsider such advice, whether generally or otherwise, and the Governor shall act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration. [^273]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 35(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^274]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 35(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^275]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 12(a)(iii) (with effect from November 9, 1985) : : > > **Provided** further that, in respect of the following matters, the Governor shall, subject to the previous approval of the President, act in his discretion, namely :- > > > > **(a)** appointment of the Chief Minister; > > > > **(b)** dismissal of a Cabinet which has lost the confidence of the Provincial Assembly; and > > > > **(c)** dissolution of the Provincial Assembly, when an appeal to the electorate is necessary. [^276]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 12(b) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "the Cabinet or a Minister". [^277]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 35(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(3)** Where the Governor dissolves the Provincial Assembly, he shall appoint, in his discretion, but with the previous approval of the President, a care-taker Cabinet. [^278]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 12 (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^279]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 35(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > **(4)** The powers conferred by the Article on the President shall be exercised by him in his discretion. [^280]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 12(c) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "(3)". ### Part IV, Chapter 2: Provincial Assemblies [^281]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 36 (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > | **106** | **Constitution of Provincial Assemblies.** [^284][ \| (1) \| Each Provincial Assembly shall consist of general seats and seats reserved for women and non-Muslims as specified herein below. \\\| \\\| General seats \\\| Women \\\| Non-Muslims \\\| Total \\\| \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| --- \\\| \\\| Baluchistan \\\| 51 \\\| 11 \\\| 3 \\\| 65 \\\| \\\| The North-West Frontier Province \\\| 99 \\\| 22 \\\| 3 \\\| 124 \\\| \\\| The Punjab \\\| 297 \\\| 66 \\\| 8 \\\| 371 \\\| \\\| Sind \\\| 130 \\\| 29 \\\| 9 \\\| 168 \\\| \| \| --- \| --- \| \| \| \| ][^284] **(2)** A person shall be entitled to vote if- **(a)** he is a citizen of Pakistan; **(b)** he is not less than [^285][eighteen][^285] years of age; **(c)** his name appears on the electoral roll for any area in the Province; and **(d)** he is not declared by a competent court to be of unsound mind [^287][.][^287] [^288][][^288] [^289][ **(3)** For the purpose of election to a Provincial Assembly - **(a)** the constituencies for the general seats shall be single member territorial constituencies and the members to fill such seats shall be elected by direct and free vote. **(b)** each Province shall be a single constituency for all seats reserved for women and non-Muslims allocated to the respective Provinces under clause (1); **(c)** the members to fill seats reserved for women and non-Muslims allocated to a Province under clause (1) shall be elected in accordance with law through proportional representation system of political parties' lists of candidates on the basis of the total number of general seats secured by each political party in the Provincial Assembly: > [^294][**Provided** that for the purpose of this sub-clause, the total number of general seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned candidate or candidates who may duly join such political party within three days of the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates.][^294] ][^289][^295][][^295] | > | --- | --- | > | | | [^282]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 6(I) (with effect from May 31, 2018) for : > Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 99 22 3 124 [^283]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 6(II) (with effect from May 31, 2018). [^284]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 14(1) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > **(1)** There shall be a Provincial Assembly for each Province consisting of the number of members hereinafter specified to be elected by direct and free vote in accordance with law. > > **Baluchistan** 40 > > **North-West Frontier Province** 80 > > **The Punjab** 240 > > **Sind** 100 [^285]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 14(2) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "[^286][twenty-one][^286]". [^286]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 24 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "eighteen". [^287]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 24 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for ":". [^288]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 24 (with effect from March 2, 1985) : : > > **Provided** that, for the purpose of the first general election to the Provincial Assembly or an election to a seat falling vacant before the holding of the second general election to the Assembly, paragraph (b) shall have effect as if for the word "eighteen" the word "twenty-one" were substituted. [^289]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 14(3) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > [^290][ > > | (3) | In addition to the seats in the Provincial Assemblies for the Provinces of Baluchistan, the Punjab, the North-West Frontier and Sind specified in clause (1), there shall be in those assemblies the number of seats hereinafter specified for non-Muslims. \| Province \| Christians \| Hindus and persons belonging to the scheduled castes \| Sikh, Buddhist and Parsi communities and other non-Muslims \| Persons belonging to the Quadiani group of the Lahori group (who call themselves Ahmadis) \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| Baluchistan \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| - \| \| The North-West Frontier Province \| 1 \| - \| 1 \| 1 \| \| The Punjab \| 5 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Sindh \| 2 \| 5 \| 1 \| 1 \| > Explanation.- Where no independent seat is allocated to a minority in a Province for being very small in number, the seat allocated jointly to all other non-Muslims in that Province shall be deemed to include that minority. | > | --- | --- | > | | | > > ][^290] [^290]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 24 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > **(3)** In addition to the seats in the Provincial Assemblies for the Provinces of Baluchistan, the Punjab, the North-West Frontier and Sind specified in clause (1), there shall be in those Assemblies the number of additional seats hereinafter specified reserved for persons belonging to the Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Paris communities [^291][and persons of the Quadiani group or the Lahori group who call themselves 'Ahmadis')][^291][^292][and other non-Muslims and persons belonging to][^292] the scheduled castes :- > > **Baluchistan** 1 > > **The North-West Frontier Province** 1 > > **The Punjab** [^293][5][^293] > > **Sind** 2 [^291]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1974 (49 of 1974), Section 2 (with effect from September 17, 1974). [^292]: Substituted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Article 7 (with effect from November 21, 1975) for "or". [^293]: Substituted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Article 7 (with effect from November 21, 1975) for "3". [^294]: Substituted by Legal Framework (Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 29 of 2002), Article 2(2) (with effect from October 9, 2002) for : > > **Provided** that a political party securing less than five per centum of the total number of seats in the Provincial Assembly shall not be entitled to any seat reserved for women and non-Muslims. [^295]: The following was omitted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 14(4) (with effect from August 21, 2002) : : > **(4)** Until the expiration of a period of ten years from the commencing day or the holding of the [^296][third][^296] general election to the Assembly of a Province, whichever occurs later, there shall be in the Assembly a number of additional seats reserved for women equal to five per centum of the number of members of that Assembly specified in clause (1). > > [^297][ > > **(5)** The members to fill the seats referred to in clause (3) shall be elected, simultaneously with the members to fill the seats referred to in clause (1), on the basis of separate electorates by direct and free vote in accordance with law. > > ][^297][^298][ > > **(6)** As soon as practicable after the general election to a Provincial Assembly, the members to fill seats in that Assembly reserved for women shall be elected in accordance with law on the basis of a system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote by the electoral college consisting of the persons elected to that Assembly. > > ][^298] [^296]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 13 (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "second". [^297]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 24 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > **(5)** As soon as practicable after the general election to a Provincial Assembly, the members to fill seats reserved in the Assembly for the persons referred to in clause (3) of for women shall be elected in accordance with law by the members of that Assembly referred to in clause (1). [^298]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 24 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^299]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 6 (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^300]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 37 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 112. Dissolution of Provincial Assembly > > [^301][(1)][^301] The Governor shall dissolve the Provincial Assembly if so advised by the Chief Minister; and the Provincial Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, stand dissolved at the expiration of forty-eight hours after the Chief Minister has so advised. > > > Explanation.- Reference in this Article to "Chief Minister" shall not be construed to include reference to a Chief Minister against whom [^302][notice or a resolution for a vote of no-confidence has been given][^302] in the Provincial Assembly but has not been voted upon or against whom a resolution for a vote of no-confidence has been passed or who is continuing in office by virtue of clause (2) of Article 134 or a Provincial Minister performing the functions of the Chief Minister under clause (1) or clause (3) of Article 135. > > [^303][ > > **(2)** The Governor may also dissolve the Provincial Assembly in his discretion, but subject to the previous approval of the President, where, in his opinion:- > > **(a)** a vote of no-confidence having been passed against the Chief Minister, no other member of the Provincial Assemble is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, as ascertained in a session of the Provincial Assembly summoned for the purpose; or > > [^304][][^304][^305][ > > **(b)** a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Province cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and an appeal to the electorate is necessary. > > ][^305] > > ][^303][^306][ > > **(3)** The Governor in case of dissolution of the Provisional Assembly under paragraph (b) of clause (2) shall within fifteen days of the dissolution refer the matter to the Supreme Court with the previous approval of the President and the Supreme Court shall decide the reference within thirty days whose decision shall be final. > > ][^306] [^301]: Renumbered by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 14 (with effect from November 9, 1985) [^302]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 14(a) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "resolution for a vote of no-confidence has been moved". [^303]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 14(b) (with effect from November 9, 1985). [^304]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1997 (1 of 1997), Section 2 (with effect from April 3, 1997) : : > **(b)** a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Province cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and an appeal to the electorate is necessary. [^305]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 15 (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^306]: Inserted by Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (3 of 2003), Article 4 (with effect from December 31, 2003). [^307]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 25 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****113**** A person shall not be qualified to be elected member of a Provincial Assembly unless :- > > **(a)** he is a citizen of Pakistan; > > **(b)** he is not less than twenty-five years of age; > > **(c)** he is enrolled as a voter in any electoral roll for election to the Assembly; and > > **(d)** he possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed by Act of Parliament. [^308]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 13 (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^309]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 26 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****116**** **(1)** When a Bill has been passed by the Provincial Assembly, it shall be presented to the Governor for assent. > > **(2)** The Governor shall assent to a Bill within seven days after it has been presented to him for assent, and if the Governor fails to do so he shall be deemed to have assented to the Bill at the expiration of the said period. > > **(3)** When the Governor has assented or is deemed to have assented to a Bill, it shall become law and be called an Act of the Provincial Assembly. > > **(4)** No Act of a Provincial Assembly, and no provision in any such Act, shall be invalid by reason only that some recommendation, previous sanction or consent required by the Constitution was not given if that Act was assented to or deemed to have been assented to in accordance with the Constitution. [^310]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 38(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "[^311][thirty][^311]". [^311]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 15(a) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for "forty-five>". [^312]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 15(b) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for : > **(3)** When the Governor has returned a Bill to the Provincial Assembly, if it is again passed with or without amendment, by the Provincial Assembly, by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the Provincial Assembly, it shall be again presented to the Governor and the Governor shall assent thereto. [^313]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 38(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "not withhold assent therefrom". [^314]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 38(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^315]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 39 (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > > **Provided** that, for a period of ten years from the commencing day or the holding of the second general election to the Provincial Assembly, whichever occurs later, a demand shall be deemed to have been assented to unless, by the votes of a majority of the total membership of the Assembly, it is refused or assented to subject to a reduction of the amount specified therein. [^316]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^317]: The following was omitted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Article 7(a) (with effect from May 4, 1974) : "and". [^318]: Substituted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Article 7(b) (with effect from May 4, 1974) for ".". [^319]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Article 7(c) (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^320]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 40 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "seventy". [^321]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 41 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "three months". [^322]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 41 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "; and". [^323]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 41 (with effect from April 19, 2010). ### Part IV, Chapter 3: The Provincial Governments [^324]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 27 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****129**** **(1)** Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the province shall be exercised in the name of the Governor by the Provincial Government, consisting of the Chief Minister and Provincial Ministers, which shall act through the Chief Minister. > > **(2)** In the performance of his functions under the Constitution, the Chief minister may act either directly or through the Provincial Ministers. > > **(3)** The Chief Minister and the Provincial Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Provincial Assembly. > > ****130**** The Chief Minister shall keep the Governor informed on matters relating to Provincial administration and on all legislative proposals the Provincial Government intends to bring before the Provincial Assembly. > > ****131**** **(1)** The Provincial Assembly shall meet on the thirtieth day following the day on which a general election to the Assembly is held, unless sooner summoned by the Governor. > > **(2)** After the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, the Provincial Assembly shall, to the exclusion of any other business, proceed to elect without debate one of its members to be the Chief Minister. > > **(3)** The Chief Minister shall be elected by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the Provincial Assembly. > > > **Provided** that, if no member secures such majority in the first poll, a second poll shall be held between the members who secure the two highest numbers of votes in the first poll and the member who secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting shall be declared to have been elected as Chief Minister; > > > **Provided** further that, if the number of votes secured by two or more members securing the highest number of votes is equal, further polls shall be held between them until one of them secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting. > > **(4)** The member elected under clause (3) shall be called upon by the Governor to assume the office of Chief Minister and he shall before entering upon the office make before the Governor oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule. [^325]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 42 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 129. Exercise of executive authority of Province > > The executive authority of the Province shall vest in the Governor and shall be exercised by him, either directly or though officers subordinate to him, in accordance with the Constitution. [^326]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 43 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 130. The Cabinet > > **(1)** There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Chief Minister at its head, to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions. > > **(2)** The Governor shall appoint from amongst the members of the Provincial Assembly a Chief Minister who, in his opinion, is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the provincial Assembly. > > [^332][ > > **(2A)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (2) after the twentieth day of March, one thousand nine-hundred and eighty-eight, the Governor shall invite the member of the Provincial Assembly to be the Chief Minister who commands the confidence of the members of the Provincial Assembly, as ascertained in session of the Assembly summoned for the purpose in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution: > > > **Provided** that nothing contained in this clause shall apply to a Chief Minister holding office on the twentieth day of March, one thousand nine hundred and eighty eight, in accordance with provisions of the Constitution. > > ][^332] > > **(3)** The person appointed under clause (2) [^333][or, as the case may be, invited under clause(2A)][^333] shall, before entering upon the office, make before the Governor oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule and shall within a period of sixty days thereof obtain a vote of confidence from the Provincial Assembly. > > **(4)** The Cabinet shall be collectively responsible to the Provincial Assembly. > > [^334][ > > **(5)** The Chief Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor, but the Governor shall not exercise his powers under this clause unless he is satisfied that the Chief Minister does not command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly, in which case he shall summon the Provincial Assembly and require the Chief Minister to obtain a vote of confidence from the Assembly. > > ][^334] > > **(6)** The Chief Minister may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Governor, resign his office. > > **(7)** A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the Provincial Assembly shall, at the expiration of that period, cease to be a Minister, and shall not before the dissolution of that Assembly be again appointed a Minister unless he is elected a member of that Assembly. > > **(8)** Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as disqualifying the Chief Minister or any other Minister for continuing in office during any period during which the Provincial Assembly stands dissolved, or as preventing the appointment of any person as Chief Minister or other Minister during any such period. [^327]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 14(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "fifteen". [^328]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 14(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "eleven". [^329]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 14(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for ":". [^330]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 14(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) : : > > **Provided** that the aforesaid limit shall be effective from the next general elections after the commencement of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010. [^331]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 14(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "five". [^332]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 16(a) (with effect from November 9, 1985). [^333]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 16(b) (with effect from November 9, 1985). [^334]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 16(c) (with effect from November 9, 1985) for : > **(5)** The Chief Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor, but the Governor shall not exercise his powers under this clause unless he is satisfied that the Chief Minister does not command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly. [^335]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 44 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 131. Duties of Chief Minister in relation to Governor > > It shall be the duty of the Chief Minister- > > **(a)** to communicate to the Governor all decisions of the Cabinet relating to the administration of the affairs of the Province and proposals for legislation; > > **(b)** to furnish such information relating to the administration of the affairs of the Province and proposals for legislation as the Governor may call for; and > > **(c)** if the Governor so requires, to submit for consideration of the Cabinet any matter on which a decision has been taken by the Chief Minister or a Minister but which has not been considered by the Cabinet. [^336]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 45 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "(7) and (8)". [^337]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 29 (with effect from March 2, 1985) : : > ### 134. Resignation by Chief Minister > > **(1)** Subject to clause (2), the Chief Minister may by writing under his hand addressed to the Governor, resign his office and, when the Chief Minister resigns, the Provincial Ministers shall cease to hold office. > > **(2)** The Chief Minister and, at the request of the Chief Minister, a Provincial Minister, shall continue to perform the functions of the office of Chief Minister or, as the case may be, Provincial Minister until a new Chief Minister has been elected and has entered upon his office. > > **(3)** If the Provincial Assembly is in session at the time when the Chief Minister resigns his office, the Assembly shall forthwith proceed to elect a Chief Minister, and if the Assembly is not in session the Governor shall for that purpose summon it to meet within fourteen days of the resignation. [^338]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 29 (with effect from March 2, 1985) : : > ### 135. Provincial Minister performing functions of Chief Minister > > **(1)** In the event of the death of the Chief Minister or of the office of Chief Minister becoming vacant by reason of his ceasing to be a member of the Provincial Assembly, the most senior Provincial Minister for the time being shall be called upon by the Governor to perform the functions of that office and the Provincial Ministers shall continue in office until a new Chief Minister has been elected and has entered upon his office. > > **(2)** If the Provincial Assembly is in session at the time when the Chief Minister dies or the office of Chief Minister becomes vacant, the Assembly shall forthwith proceed to elect a Chief Minister, and if the Assembly is not in session the Governor shall for that purpose summon it to meet within fourteen days of the death of the Chief Minister or, as the case may be, of the office becoming vacant. > > **(3)** When the Chief Minister, by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause, is unable to perform his functions, the most senior Provincial Minister for the time being shall perform the functions of Chief Minister until the Chief Minister returns to Pakistan or, as the case may be, resumes his functions. > > **(4)** In this Article, "most senior Provincial Minister" means the Provincial Minister for the time being designated as such by the Chief Minister. [^339]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 30 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****136.**** **(1)** A resolution for a vote of no-confidence may be passed against the Chief Minister by the Provincial Assembly. > > **(2)** A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be moved in the Provincial Assembly unless, by the same resolution, the name of another member of the Assembly is put forward as the successor. > > **(3)** A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be moved in the Provincial Assembly while the Provincial Assembly is considering demands for grants submitted to it in the Annual Budget Statement. > > **(4)** A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be voted upon before the expiration of three days, or later than seven days, from the day on which such resolution is moved in the Provincial Assembly. > > **(5)** If the resolution referred to in clause (1) is passed by a majority of the total membership of the Provincial Assembly, the Governor shall call upon the person named in the resolution as the successor to assume office and on his entering upon office his predecessor and the Provincial Minister appointed by him shall cease to hold office. > > > **Provided** that, for a period of ten years from the commencing day or the holding of the second general election to the Provincial Assembly, whichever occurs later, the vote of a member, elected to the Provincial Assembly as a candidate or nominee of a political party, cast in support of a resolution for a vote of no-confidence shall be disregarded if the majority of the members of that political party in the Provincial Assembly has cast its votes against the passing of such resolution. > > **(6)** If a resolution referred to in clause (1) is not passed, another such resolution shall not be moved until a period of six months has elapsed. [^340]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^341]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^342]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Sch. item 31 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****139.**** **(1)** Orders, and other instruments made and executed in the name of the Governor shall be authenticated in such manner as may be specified in rules to be made by the Provincial Government, and the validity of an order or instrument which is so authenticated shall not be called in question on the ground that it is not an order or instrument made or executed by the Governor. > > **(2)** The Provincial Government may regulate the allocation and transaction of its business and may for the convenient transaction of that business delegate any of its functions to officers or authorities subordinate to it. [^343]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 46(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "Governor". [^344]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 46(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(3)** The Governor shall also make rules for the allocation and transaction of the business of the Provincial Government. [^345]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 47 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^346]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 48 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > [^347][ > > ### 140A. Local Government > > Each Province shall, by law, establish a local government system and devolve political, administrative and financial responsibility and authority to the elected representatives of the local governments. > > ][^347] [^347]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 16 (with effect from August 21, 2002). ### Part V, Chapter 1: Distribution of Legislative Powers [^348]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^349]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^350]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 49(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(b)** [^351][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^351], and a Provincial Assembly also, shall have power to make laws with respect to any matter in the Concurrent Legislative List; [^351]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^352]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 49(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(c)** A Provincial Assembly shall, and [^353][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^353] shall not, have power to make laws with respect to any matter not enumerated in either the Federal Legislative List or the Concurrent Legislative List; and [^353]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^354]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 49(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(d)** [^355][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^355] shall have exclusive power to make laws with respect to matters not enumerated in either of the Lists for such areas in the Federation as are not included in any Province. [^355]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^356]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 50 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 143. Inconsistency between Federal and Provincial laws > > If any provision of an Act of a Provincial Assembly is repugnant to any provision of an Act of [^357][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^357] which [^358][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^358] is competent to enact, or to any provision of any existing law with respect to any of the matters enumerated in the Concurrent Legislative List, then the Act of [^359][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^359], whether passed before or after the Act of the Provincial Assembly, or, as the case may be, the existing law, shall prevail and the Act of the Provincial Assembly shall, to the extent of the repugnancy, be void. [^357]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^358]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^359]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^360]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^361]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 51(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "two". [^362]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 51(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "two". [^363]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^364]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 51(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "in either List". [^365]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^366]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 17 (with effect from November 9, 1985) : : > **(2)** The provisions of Article 71 shall apply to a Bill with respect to a matter which may be regulated by Act of [^367][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^367] under clause (1). [^367]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". ### Part V, Chapter 2: Administrative Relations [^368]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^369]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 15 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". [^370]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 52 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for ".". [^371]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, 52 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^372]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 53 (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > **(2)** The executive authority of the Federation shall also extend to the giving of directions to a Province as to the carrying into execution therein of any Federal law which relates to a matter specified in the Concurrent Legislative List and authorises the giving of such directions. [^373]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^374]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^375]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 16 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". ### Part V, Chapter 3: Special Provisions [^376]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (3 of 2003), Article 5 (with effect from December 31, 2003) : : > [^377][ > > ### 152A. National Security Council > > **(1)** There shall be a National Security Council to serve as a forum for consultation on strategic matters pertaining to the sovereignty, integrity and security of the State; and the matters relating to democracy, governance and inter-provincial harmony. > > **(2)** The President shall be the Chairman of the National Security Council and its other members shall be the Prime Minister, the Chairman of the Senate, the Speaker of the National Assembly, the Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly, the Chief Ministers of the Provinces, the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, and the Chiefs of Staff of the Pakistan Army, Pakistan Navy and Pakistan Air Force. > > **(3)** Meetings of the National Security Council may be convened by the President either in his discretion, or on the advice of the Prime Minister, or when requested by any other of its members, [^378][regularly][^378]. > > ][^377] [^377]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 17 (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^378]: Substituted by Legal Framework (Second Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 32 of 2002) (with effect from ) for "within the time frame indicated by him". [^379]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 18 (with effect from November 9, 1985) : : > [^380][ > > ### 152A. National Security Council > > **(1)** There shall be a National Security Council to make recommendations relating to the issue of a Proclamation of Emergency under Article 232, security of Pakistan and any other matter of national importance that may be referred to it by the President in consultation with the Prime Minister. > > **(2)** The National Security Council shall consist of the President, the Prime Minister, the Chairman of the Senate, the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, the Chiefs of Staff of the Pakistan Army, the Pakistan Navy and the Pakistan Air Force, and the Chief Ministers of the Provinces. > > ][^380] [^380]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 32 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^381]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 54(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(2)** The members of the Council shall be- > > **(a)** the Chief Ministers of the Provinces, and > > **(b)** an equal number of members from the Federal Government to be nominated by the Prime Minister from time to time. [^382]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 54(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > **(3)** The Prime Minister, if he is a member of the Council, shall be the Chairman of the Council but, if at any time he is not a member, the President may nominate a Federal Minister who is a member of the Council to be its Chairman. [^383]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^384]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 54(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^385]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 55(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(1)** The Council shall formulate and regulate policies in relation to matters in Part II of the Federal Legislative List and, in so far as it is in relation to the affairs of the Federation, the matter in entry 34 (electricity) in the Concurrent Legislative List, and shall exercise supervision and control over related institutions. [^386]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 55(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^387]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 55(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "(2)". [^388]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 55(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "(3)". [^389]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^390]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 55(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "(4)". [^391]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^392]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^393]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 55(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "(5)". [^394]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^395]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 7 (with effect from May 31, 2018) : "or the Federally Administered Tribal Areas". [^396]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 56 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^397]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^398]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 57 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 156. National Economic Council > > **(1)** The President shall constitute a National Economic Council consisting of the Prime Minister, who shall be its Chairman, and such other members as the President may determine: > > > **Provided** that the President shall nominate one member from each Province on the recommendation of the Government of that Province. > > **(2)** The National Economic Council shall review the overall economic condition of the country and shall, for advising the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments, formulate plans in respect of financial, commercial, social and economic policies; and in formulating such plans, it shall be guided by the, Principles of Policy set out in Chapter 2 of Part II. [^399]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 58(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for ".". [^400]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 58(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^401]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 58(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^402]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 17 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". ### Part VI, Chapter 1: Finance [^403]: For the notification constituting the National Finance Commission, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1974, Extraordinary, Part II, pages 191-192. [^404]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^405]: Substituted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 3 (with effect from September 16, 1976) for : > **(ii)** taxes on sales and purchase; [^406]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 59 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^407]: For such Order, see the Distribution of Revenues and Grants-in-Aid Order, 1975 (President's Order No.2 of 1975). [^408]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 60 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(1)** Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 78 the net proceeds of the Federal duty of excise on natural gas levied at well-head and collected by the Federal Government, and of the royalty collected by the Federal Government, shall not form part of the Federal Consolidated Fund and shall be paid to the Province in which the well-head of natural gas is situated. [^409]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^410]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^411]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^412]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^413]: Inserted by Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 11 of 1985), Art 2 (with effect from February 24, 1985). [^414]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^415]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 18(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^416]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 18(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025). ### Part VI, Chapter 2: Borrowing and Audit [^417]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^418]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 61 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^419]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 62(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(3)** The terms and conditions of service, including the term of office, of the Auditor-General shall be determined by Act of [^420][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^420] and, until so determined, by [^421] Order of the President. [^420]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^421]: For such Order, see the Pakistan (Audit and Accounts) Order, 1973 (President's Order No. 21 of 1973). [^422]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 62(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^423]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 62(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "such other person as the President may direct shall". [^424]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^425]: Renumbered by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 63 (with effect from April 19, 2010) [^426]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 63 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^427]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 64 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "National Assembly". ### Part VI, Chapter 3: Property, Contracts, Liabilities and Suits [^428]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 65(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "within". [^429]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 65(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). ### Part VII, Chapter 1: The Courts [^430]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 19 (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^431]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 19 (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^432]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 66 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^433]: Substituted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 3 (with effect from January 1, 2011) for : > > [^434][ Explanation:- The words "High Court" wherever occurring in the Constitution shall include the High Court for the Islamabad Capital Territory. ][^434] [^434]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 66 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^435]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "five". [^436]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 2017 (12 of 2017), Article 2 (with effect from March 30, 2017). [^437]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-First Amendment) Act, 2015, Section 1(3) (with effect from January 7, 2019) : : > > [^438][**Provided** that the provisions of this Article shall have no application to the trial of persons under any of the Acts metnioned at serial No. 6, 7, 8 and 9 of sub-part III or Part I of the First Schedule, who claims, or is known, to belong to any terrorist group or organization using the name of religion or a sect. > > > > > Explanation:- In this proviso, the expression ‘sect’ means a sect of religion and does not include any religious or political party regulated under the Political Parties Order, 2002. > > > > ][^438] [^438]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-First Amendment) Act, 2015, Article 2 (with effect from January 7, 2015). [^439]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 67 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^440]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^441]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^442]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(i) (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^443]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(ii) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for : > **(2)** For appointment of Judges of the Supreme Court, the Commission shall consist of-- > > **(i)** **Chairman** > > Chief Justice of Pakistan; > > **(ii)** **Members** > > [^444][four][^444] most senior Judges of the Supreme Court; > > **(iii)** **Member** > > a former Chief Justice or a former Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan to be nominated by the Chief Justice of Pakistan, in consultation with the [^445][four][^445] member Judges, for a period of two years; > > **(iv)** **Member** > > Federal Minister for Law and Justice; > > **(v)** **Member** > > Attorney-General for Pakistan; and > > **(vi)** **Member** > > a Senior Advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan nominated by the Pakistan Bar Council for a term of two years. [^444]: Substituted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(a)(i) (with effect from January 1, 2011) for "two". [^445]: Substituted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(a)(ii) (with effect from January 1, 2011) for "two". [^446]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(c)(i) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^447]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(c)(ii) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > **(i)** **Chairperson** > > Chief Justice of Pakistan; > > **(ii)** **Member** > > Presiding Judge; > > **(iii)** **Members** > > three most senior Judges of the Supreme Court; [^448]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(c)(iii) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > **(viii)** **Member** > > a woman or non-Muslim, other than a member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), who is qualified to be a member of the Senate as a technocrat, to be nominated by the Speaker of the National Assembly for a term of two years. [^449]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(c)(iv) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > > Explanation.- If the Presiding Judge is the Chief Justice of Pakistan or is from amongst the Judges in paragraph (iii) of clause (2), the Judge who is next in seniority below the Judges referred in paragraph (iii) of clause (2) shall become member of the Commission. [^450]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(iii) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for : > **(3)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1) or clause (2), the President shall appoint the most senior Judge of the Supreme Court as the Chief Justice of Pakistan. [^451]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(d)(i) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "the Chief Justice of Pakistan". [^452]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(d)(i) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "the Supreme Court". [^453]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(d)(i) (with effect from November 13, 2025) : : > > **Provided** that where the nominee under this clause declines a Judge from the remaining Judges amongst the three most senior Judges shall be considered and nominated: [^454]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(d)(ii) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > > **Provided** further that where the nominee under first proviso also declines the next most senior Judge if he is not from amongst the three most senior Judges shall he considered and nominated by the Committee and so on till the nominee under this clause is appointment as the Chief Justice of Pakistan. [^455]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(iv) (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^456]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 21(e) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan,". [^457]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(e) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for ":". [^458]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(e) (with effect from November 13, 2025) : : > > **Provided** that the first nomination under clause (3), after commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (XXVI of 2024), shall be sent within three days prior to the retirement of the Chief Justice of Pakistan. [^459]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(v) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for : > **(4)** The Commission may make rules regulating its procedure. [^460]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(f) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "may". [^461]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(f) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "assessment,". [^462]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vi)(A) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for "the most senior Judge of that High Court". [^463]: Substituted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(b)(i) (with effect from January 1, 2011) for : > **(iv)** **Member** > > a senior advocate to be nominated by the Provincial Bar Council for a period of two years: [^464]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vi)(B) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for ":". [^465]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vi)(B) (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^466]: Substituted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(b)(ii) (with effect from January 1, 2011) for : > > **Provided** that for appointment of Chief Justice of a High Court, the most senior Judge of the Court shall be substituted by a former Chief Justice or former Judge of that Court, to be nominated by the Chief Justice of Pakistan in consultation with the two member Judges of the Commission in clause (2): > > > **Provided** further that if for any reason the Chief Justice of High Court is not available, he shall also be substituted in the manner as provided in the foregoing proviso. [^467]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vi)(C) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for : > > **Provided** that for appointment of the Chief Justice of a High Court the most Senior Judge mentioned in paragraph (ii) shall not be member of the Commission: [^468]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vi)(D) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for "Chief Justice of Pakistan in consultation with the four member Judges of the Commission mentioned in paragraph (ii) of clause (2)". [^469]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vi)(E) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for ":". [^470]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(g) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > > [^471][**Provided** also that the amendments in paragraph (ii) and first proviso shall take effect on coming into force of Article 2O2A for the respective High Courts. ][^471] [^471]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vi)(E) (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^472]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vii)(A) (with effect from October 21, 2024) : "and". [^473]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vii)(B) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for "the most senior Judge of that High Court". [^474]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vii)(B) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for ":". [^475]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vii)(C) (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^476]: Inserted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(c) (with effect from January 1, 2011). [^477]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(h) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^478]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(vii)(D) (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^479]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(viii) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for : > **(8)** The Commission by majority of its total membership shall nominate to the Parliamentary Committee one person, for each vacancy of a Judge in [^480][the Federal Constitutional Court,][^480] the Supreme Court, a High Court or the Federal Shariat Court, as the case may be. [^480]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(i) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^481]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(ix) (with effect from October 21, 2024) : : > **(9)** The Parliamentary Committee, hereinafter in this Article referred to as the Committee, shall consist of the following eight members, namely:- > > **(i)** four members from the Senate; and > > **(ii)** four members from the National Assembly[^482][:][^482] > > > [^483][**Provided** that when the National Assembly is dissolved, the total membership of the Parliamentary Committee shall consist of the members of the Senate only mentioned in paragraph (i) and the provisions of this Article shall, *mutatis mutandis* apply.][^483] > > **(10)** Out of the eight members of the Committee, four shall be from the Treasury Benches, two from each House and four from the Opposition Benches, two from each House. The nomination of members from the Treasury Benches shall be made by the Leader of the House and from the Opposition Benches by the Leader of the Opposition. [^482]: Substituted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(d) (with effect from January 1, 2011) for ".". [^483]: Inserted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(d) (with effect from January 1, 2011). [^484]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(x) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for "Senate". [^485]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(xi) (with effect from October 21, 2024) : : > **(12)** The Committee on receipt of a nomination from the Commission may confirm the nominee by majority of its total membership within fourteen days, failing which the nomination shall be deemed to have been confirmed: > > > [^486][**Provided** that the Committee, for reasons to be recorded, may not confirm the nomination by three-fourth majority of its total membership within the said period:][^486] > > > [^487][**Provided** further that if a nomination is not confirmed by the Committee it shall forward its decision with reasons so recorded to the Commission through the Prime Minister: > > > **Provided** further that if a nomination is not confirmed, the Commission shall send another nomination.][^487] > > [^488][ > > **(13)** The Committee shall send the name of the nominee confirmed by it or deemed to have been confirmed to the Prime Minister who shall forward the same to the President for appointment. > > ][^488] > > **(14)** No action or decision taken by the Commission or a Committee shall be invalid or called in question only on the ground of the existence of a vacancy therein or of the absence of any member from any meeting thereof. > > [^489][ > > **(15)** The meetings of the Committee shall be held in camera and the record of its proceedings shall be maintained. > > **(16)** The provisions of Article 68 shall not apply to the proceedings of the Committee. > > ][^489] > > [^490][(17)][^490] The Committee may make rules for regulating its procedure. [^486]: Substituted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(e)(i) (with effect from January 1, 2011) for : > > **Provided** that the Committee may not confirm the nomination by three-fourth majority of its total membership within the said period, in which case the Commission shall send another nomination. [^487]: Inserted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(e)(ii) (with effect from January 1, 2011). [^488]: Substituted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(f) (with effect from January 1, 2011) for : > **(13)** The Committee shall forward the name of the nominee confirmed by it or deemed to have been confirmed to the President for appointment. [^489]: Inserted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(g) (with effect from January 1, 2011). [^490]: Renumbered from "(15)". by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 4(g) (with effect from January 1, 2011) [^491]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 7(xii) (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^492]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(j) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > **(20)** The Commission may make separate rules for setting up effective standards for performance evaluation for the purpose of clauses (18) and (19). [^493]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 20(k) (with effect from November 13, 2025). ### Part VII, Chapter 1A: The Federal Constitutional Court [^494]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 21 (with effect from November 13, 2025). ### Part VII, Chapter 2: The Supreme Court of Pakistan [^495]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 22(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^496]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^497]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 22(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for ".". [^498]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 22(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^499]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 68 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(1)** The Chief Justice of Pakistan shall be appointed by the President, and each of the other Judges shall be appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice. [^500]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 23 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". [^501]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 8 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for : > **(2)** A person shall not be appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court unless he is a citizen of Pakistan and- > > **(a)** has for a period of, or for periods aggregating, not less than five years been a judge of a High Court (including a High Court which existed in Pakistan at any time before the commencing day); or > > **(b)** has for a period of, or for periods aggregating not less than fifteen years been an advocate of a High Court (including a High Court which existed in Pakistan at any time before the commencing day). [^502]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 24 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". [^503]: Substituted by Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (3 of 2003), Article 6 (with effect from December 31, 2003) for : > ### 179. Retiring Age > > [^504][(1)][^504] A Judge of the Supreme Court shall hold office until he attains the age of [^505][sixty-eight years][^505], unless he sooner resigns or is removed from office in accordance with the Constitution. > > [^506][][^506] [^504]: Renumbered by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 5 (with effect from September 16, 1976) [^505]: Substituted by Legal Framework (Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 29 of 2002), Article 2(4) (with effect from October 9, 2002) for "sixty-five years". [^506]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 34 (with effect from March 2, 1985) : : > [^507][ > > **(2)** The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, whether appointed before or after the commencement of the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976, shall, unless he sooner attains the age of sixty-five years, hold office for a term of five years and shall thereafter have the option either:- > > **(a)** to retire from his office and receive the pension to which he would have been entitled if he had retired from office on attaining the age of sixty-five years; or > > **(b)** to assume the office of the most senior of the other Judges of the Supreme Court and to continue to receive the same salary which he was receiving while holding the office of Chief Justice. > > **(3)** When a Judge assumes the office of the most senior of the other Judges of the Supreme Court under clause (2), the Judge who was until then the most senior of the other Judges shall rank next after him in order of seniority. > > **(4)** A person who has once held office as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, otherwise than under Article 180, shall not again be appointed to that office. > > **(5)** The provisions of clauses (2), (3) and (4) shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in Article 275. > > ][^507][^508][ > > **(6)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1) or clause (2), a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who attains the age of sixty-five years before he has held that office for a term of five years may continue to hold that office until he has completed that term. > > ][^508] [^507]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 5 (with effect from September 16, 1976). [^508]: Inserted by Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1976 (84 of 1976), Section 2 (with effect from December 13, 1976). [^509]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 9 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for ".". [^510]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 9 (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^511]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 25 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". [^512]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 25 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". [^513]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 26(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". [^514]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 26(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". [^515]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 35 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "one of the judges of the Supreme Court who have not previously held the office of Chief Justice of Pakistan otherwise than under this Article". [^516]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 26(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "the most senior". [^517]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 26(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". [^518]: Inserted by Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 2 of 1982), Section 2 (with effect from February 27, 1982). [^519]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 27 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". [^520]: Inserted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 5 (with effect from January 1, 2011). [^521]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 28(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". [^522]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 28(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) : : > **(3)** Until provision is made for establishing the Supreme Court at Islamabad, the seat of the Court shall be at such place as the President may [^523] appoint. [^523]: For appointment of Rawalpindi as the seat of the Supreme Court, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1974, Part III, page 1387. [^524]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 29 (with effect from November 13, 2025) : : > ### 184. Original Jurisdiction of Supreme Court > > **(1)** The Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of every other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute between any two or more Governments. > > > Explanation.- In this clause, "Governments" means the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments. > > **(2)** In the exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on it by clause (1), the Supreme Court shall pronounce declaratory judgments only. > > **(3)** Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 199, the Supreme Court shall, if it considers that a question of public importance with reference to the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights conferred by Chapter I of Part II is involved have the power to make an order of the nature mentioned in the said Article[^525][:][^525] > > > [^526][**Provided** that the Supreme Court shall not make an order or give direction or make a declaration on its own or in the nature of *suo motu* exercise of jurisdiction beyond the contents of any application filed under this clause.][^526] [^525]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 10 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for ".". [^526]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 10 (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^527]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 30 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > ### 185. Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court > > **(1)** Subject to this Article, the Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals from judgments, decrees, final orders or sentences. > > **(2)** An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree, final order or sentence > > **(a)** if the High Court has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death or to transportation for life or imprisonment for life; or, on revision, has enhanced a sentence to a sentence as aforesaid; or > > **(b)** if the High Court has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court subordinate to it and has in such trial convicted the accused person and sentenced him as aforesaid; or > > **(c)** if the High Court has imposed any punishment on any person for contempt of the High Court; or > > **(d)** if the amount or value of the subject matter of the dispute in the court of first instance was, and also in dispute in appeal is, not less than [^528][one million][^528] rupees or such other sum as may be specified in that behalf by Act of [^529][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^529] and the judgment, decree or final order appealed from has varied or set aside the judgment, decree or final order of the court immediately below; or > > **(e)** if the judgment, decree or final order involves directly or indirectly some claim or question respecting property of the like amount or value and the judgment, decree or final order appealed from has varied or set aside the judgment, decree or final order of the court immediately below; or > > **(f)** if the High Court certifies that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution. > > **(3)** An appeal to the Supreme Court from a judgment, decree, order or sentence of a High Court in a case to which clause (2) does not apply shall lie only if the Supreme Court grants leave to appeal. [^528]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 11 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for "fifty thousand". [^529]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^530]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 31 (with effect from November 13, 2025) : : > ### 186. Advisory Jurisdiction > > **(1)** If, at any time, the President considers that it is desirable to obtain the opinion of the Supreme Court on any question of law which he considers of public importance, he may refer the question to the Supreme Court for consideration. > > **(2)** The Supreme Court shall consider a question so referred and report its opinion on the question to the President. [^531]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 32 (with effect from November 13, 2025) : : > [^532][ > > ### 186A. Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases > > The Supreme Court may, if it considers it expedient to do so in the interest of justice, transfer any case, appeal or other proceedings, pending before any High Court to any other High Court or to itself. > > ][^532] [^532]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 12 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for : > [^533][ > > ### 186A. Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases > > The Supreme Court may, if it considers it expedient to do so in the interest of justice, transfer any case, appeal or other proceedings pending before any High Court to any other High Court. > > ][^533] [^533]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 36 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^534]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 33(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^535]: Substituted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 7 (with effect from September 16, 1976) for "The". [^536]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 33(b)(i) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^537]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 13 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for ".". [^538]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 13 (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^539]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 33(b)(ii) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^540]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^541]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 34 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > ### 189. Decisions of Supreme Court binding on other Courts > > Any decision of the Supreme Court shall, to the extent that it decides a question of law or is based upon or enunciates a principle of law, be binding on all other courts in Pakistan. [^542]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 35(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^543]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 35(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^544]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 36 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > ### 191. Rules of Procedure > > Subject to the Constitution and law, the Supreme Court may make rules regulating the practice and procedure of the Court. [^545]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 37 (with effect from November 13, 2025) : : > [^546][ > > ### 191A. Constitutional Benches of the Supreme Court > > **(1)** There shall be Constitutional Benches of the Supreme Court, comprising such Judges of the Supreme Court and for such term, as may be nominated and determined by the Judicial Commission of Pakistan, from time to time: > > > **Provided** that the Constitutional Benches may comprise equal number of Judges from each Province. > > **(2)** The most senior Judge amongst Judges nominated under clause (l) shall be the most senior Judge of the Constitutional Benches. > > **(3)** No Bench of the Supreme Court other than a Constitutional Bench shall exercise following jurisdictions vested in the Supreme Court, namely:- > > **(a)** original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 184; > > **(b)** appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under clause (3) of Article 185, where a judgment or order of a High Court passed under Article 199 involves constitutionality of any law or a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution; and > > **(c)** advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 186. > > **(4)** For the purposes of clause (3), a Bench consisting of not less than five Judges, to be nominated by a committee comprising the most senior Judge of the Constitutional Benches and next two most senior Judges from amongst the Judges nominated under clause (1), shall hear and dispose of such matters. > > **(5)** All petitions, appeals or review applications against judgments rendered or orders passed, to which clause (3) applies, pending or filed in the Supreme Court prior to commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (XXVI of 2024), forthwith stand transferred to the Constitutional Benches and shall only be heard and decided by Benches constituted under clause (4). > > **(6)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution but subject to law, the Judges nominated under clause (1) may make rules regulating the practice and procedure of the Constitutional Benches. > > ][^546] [^546]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 14 (with effect from October 21, 2024). ### Part VII, Chapter 3: The High Courts [^547]: Substituted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 8 (with effect from December 1, 1976) for : > **(2)** Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 175, any two provinces may, with the consent of the President, agree that there shall be a common High Court for the two Provinces, and the President shall establish a common High Court accordingly. > > > Explanation.- The Sind and Baluchistan High Court as functioning immediately before the commencing day shall be deemed to have been established under this clause. > > **(3)** A High Court established under clause (2) shall have jurisdiction in both the Provinces for which it has been established. > > **(4)** The agreement referred to in clause (2) shall contain such incidental and consequential provisions, including provisions relating to sharing of expenditure connected with the high Court, as may appear necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the agreement and shall specify by which Governor any function which is to be discharged by the Governor of a Province under this Chapter shall be discharged in respect of the High Court, and the Governor so specified shall have the power to discharge that function. [^548]: For such Order in respect of establishment of High Courts for Baluchistan and Sind, see the President's Order No. 6 of 1976 of November 29, 1976, Gazette of Pakistan, 1976, Extraordinary, Part I, pages 595-99. [^549]: Renumbered from "(5)". by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 38 (with effect from November 13, 2025) [^550]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^551]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 69(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(1)** A Judge of a High Court shall be appointed by the President after consultation- > > **(a)** with the Chief Justice of Pakistan; > > **(b)** with the Governor concerned; and > > except where the appointment is that of Chief Justice, with the Chief Justice of the High Court. [^552]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 15 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for : > **(2)** A person shall not be appointed a Judge of a High Court unless he is a citizen of Pakistan, is not less than [^553][forty-five][^553] years of age, and- > > **(a)** he has for a period of, or for periods aggregating, not less than ten years been an advocate of a High Court (including a High Court which existed in Pakistan at any time before the commencing day); or > > **(b)** he is, and has for a period of not less than ten years been, a member of a civil service prescribed by law for the purposes of this paragraph, and has, for a period of not less than three years, served as or exercised the functions of a District Judge in Pakistan; or > > **(c)** he has, for a period of not less than ten years, held a judicial office in Pakistan. > > > [^555][Explanation.-In computing the period during which a person has been an advocate of a High Court or held judicial office, there shall be included any period during which he has held judicial office after he became an advocate or, as the case may be, the period during which he has been an advocate after having held judicial office.][^555] [^553]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 69(ii) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "[^554][forty-five][^554]". [^554]: Substituted by Legal Framework (Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 29 of 2002), Article 2(4) (with effect from October 9, 2002) for "forty". [^555]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Article 8 (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^556]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 39 (with effect from November 13, 2025) : : > **(3)** In this Article, "District Judge" means Judge of a principal civil court of original jurisdiction. [^557]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 70 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for ".". [^558]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 70 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^559]: Substituted by Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (3 of 2003), Article 7 (with effect from December 31, 2003) for : > ### 195. Retiring Age > > [^560][(1)][^560] A Judge of a High Court shall hold office until he attains the age of [^561][sixty-five years][^561], unless he sooner resigns or is removed from office in accordance with the Constitution. > > [^562][][^562] [^560]: Renumbered by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 9 (with effect from September 16, 1976) [^561]: Substituted by Legal Framework (Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 29 of 2002), Article 2(4) (with effect from October 9, 2002) for "sixty-two years". [^562]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 37 (with effect from March 2, 1985) : : > [^563][ > > **(2)** The Chief Justice of a High Court, whether appointed before or after the commencement of the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976, shall, unless he sooner attains the age of sixty-two years, hold office for a term of four years and shall thereafter have the option either: > > **(a)** to retire from his office and receive the pension to which he would have been entitled if he had retired from office on attaining the age of sixty-two years; or > > **(b)** to assume the office of the most senior of the other Judges of the High Court and to continue to receive the same salary which he was receiving while holding the office of Chief Justice. > > **(3)** When a Judge assumes the office of the most senior of the other Judges of a High Court under clause (2), the Judges who was until then the most senior of the other Judges shall rank next after him in order of seniority. > > **(4)** A person who has once held office as Chief Justice of a High Court, otherwise than under Article 196, shall not again be appointed to be the Chief Justice of that High Court. > > **(5)** The provisions of clauses (2), (3) and (4) shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in Article 275. > > ][^563][^564][ > > **(6)** Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1) or clause (2), a Chief Justice of a High Court who attains the age of sixty-two years before he has held that office for a term of four years may continue to hold that office until he has completed that term. > > ][^564] [^563]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 9 (with effect from September 16, 1976). [^564]: Inserted by Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1976 (84 of 1976), Section 3 (with effect from December 13, 1976). [^565]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 38 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "[^566][one of the Judges of the High Court who have not previously held the office of Chief Justice of the High Court otherwise than under this Article][^566]". [^566]: Substituted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 9 (with effect from September 16, 1976) for "the most senior of the other Judges of the High Court". [^567]: Renumbered by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 39 (with effect from March 2, 1985) [^568]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 71(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^569]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 39 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^570]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 70(ii)(a) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^571]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 70(ii)(b) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^572]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 16 (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^573]: Substituted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 9 (with effect from May 4, 1974) for : > **(3)** An order shall not be made under clause (1) on application made by or in relation to a member of the Armed Forces of Pakistan in respect of his terms and conditions of service, in respect of any matter arising out of his service or in respect of any action taken in relation to him as a member of the Armed Forces of Pakistan. [^574]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 40(1) (with effect from March 2, 1985) : : > [^575][ > > **(3A)** Notwithstanding any judgment of any Court, including any judgment in respect of the powers of Courts relating to judicial review, a High Court shall not, under this Article:- > > **(a)** make an order relating to the validity or effect of,any Martial Law Regulation made by the Chief Martial Law Administrator or any Martial Law Order made by the Chief Martial Law Administrator or a Martial Law Administrator or of anything done, or intended to be done or taken, thereunder; > > **(b)** make an order relating to the validity or effect of any judgment or sentence passed by a Military Court or Tribunal; > > **(c)** grant an injunction, make any order or entertain any proceedings in respect of any matter to which the jurisdiction of a Military Court or Tribunal extends and of which cognizance has been taken by a Military Court or Tribunal; or > > **(d)** issue any process against the Chief Martial Law Administrator or a Martial Law Administrator or any person acting under the authority of either. > > **(3B)** Every such order, injunction or process as is referred to in clause (3-A) made, granted or issued at any time before or after the commencement of the Constitution (Amendment)Order, 1980, shall, notwithstanding any judgment of any Court, be null and void and of no effect whatsoever and any proceedings for the making, granting or issue Of such order, injunction or process which may be pending before any Court, including the Supreme Court and a High Court, shall abate. > > **(3C)** The Proclamation of the fifth day of July 1977, all President's Orders, Orders of the Chief Martial Law Administrator, Martial Law Regulations and Martial Law Orders made on or after the fifth day of July 1977, are hereby declared, notwithstanding any judgment of any Court, to have been validly made. > > ][^575][^576][ > > **(3A)** A High Court shall not make under this Article:- > > **(a)** an order prohibiting the making, or suspending the operation,of an order for the detention of any person under any law providing for preventive detention; > > **(b)** an order for the release on bail of any person detained under any law providing for preventive detention; > > **(c)** an order for the release on bail, or an order suspending the operation of an order for the custody, of any person against whom a report or complaint has been made before any court or tribunal, or against whom a case has been registered at any police station, in respect of an offence, or who has been convicted by any court or tribunal. > > **(d)** an order prohibiting the registration of a case at a police station, or the making of a report or complaint before any court or tribunal, in respect of an offence; or > > **(e)** any other interim order in respect of any person referred to in any of the preceding paragraphs. > > **(3B)** Every such order as is referred to in clause (3A) made at any time after the commencement of the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975, shall cease to have effect and all applications for the making of any such order that may be pending before any High Court shall abate. > > **(3C)** The provisions of clauses (3A) and (3B) shall also apply to the disposal of an application in a petition for leave to appeal or in an appeal, from an order such as is referred to in the said clause (3A) that my be pending-before the Supreme Court immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976. > > ][^576] [^575]: Inserted by Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 1 of 1980), Section 2 (with effect from May 26, 1980). [^576]: Substituted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 11 (with effect from September 16, 1976) for : > [^577][ > > **(3A)** A High Court shall not make an order under clause (1):- > > **(a)** prohibiting the making of an order for the detention of a person, or > > **(b)** for the grant of bail to a person detained, under any law providing for preventive detention. > > ][^577] [^577]: Inserted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 8(a) (with effect from November 21, 1975). [^578]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 40(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^579]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 72 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > [^581][ > > **(4A)** An interim order made by a High Court on an application made to it to question the validity or legal effect of any order made, proceeding taken or act done by any authority or person, which has been made, taken or done or purports to have been made, taken or done under any law which is specified in part I of the First Schedule or relates to, or is connected with, [^582][State Property or][^582] assessment or collection of public revenues shall cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of [^583][six months][^583] following the day on which it is made, [^584][provided that the matter shall be finally decided by the High Court within six months from the date on which the interim order is made][^584]. > > ][^581] [^580]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 40(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > > **Provided** that the matter shall be finally decided by the High Court within six months from the date on which the interim order is made. [^581]: Inserted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 8(b) (with effect from November 21, 1975). [^582]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 40(3)(a) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^583]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 40(3)(b) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "sixty days". [^584]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 18 (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "unless the case is finally decided, or the interim order is withdrawn, by the Court earlier". [^585]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 40(4) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^586]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 40(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^587]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 41 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > ### 200. Transfer of High Court Judges > > **(1)** The President may transfer a Judge of a High Court from one High Court to another High Court, but no Judge shall be so transferred except with his consent and after consultation by the President with the Chief Justice of Pakistan and the Chief Justices of both High Courts [^588][:][^588][^589][][^589] > > > Explanation.- In this Article, "Judge" does not include a Chief Justice [^592][but includes a Judge for the time being acting as Chief Justice of a High Court other than a Judge of the Supreme Court acting as such in pursuance of a request made under' paragraph (b) of Article 196][^592]. > > [^593][ > > **(2)** Where a Judge is so transferred or is appointed to an office other than the principal seat of the High Court, he shall, during the period for which he serves as a judge of the High Court to which he is transferred, or holds such other office, be entitled to such allowances and privileges, in addition to his salary, as the President may, by Order, determine. > > ][^593][^594][ > > **(3)** If at any time it is necessary for any reason to increase temporarily the number of Judges of a High Court, the Chief Justice of that Court may require a Judge of any other High Court to attend sittings of the former High Court for such period as may be necessary and, while so attending the sittings of the High Court, the Judge shall have the same power and jurisdiction as a Judge of that High Court: > > > **Provided** that a Judge shall not be so required except with his consent and the approval of the President and after consultation with the Chief Justice of Pakistan and the Chief Justice of the High Court of which he is a Judge. > > > [^595][Explanation.- In this Article, "High Court" includes a Bench of a High Court.][^595] > > ][^594][^596][][^596] [^588]: Substituted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 12 (with effect from September 16, 1976) for ".". [^589]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 73(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > > [^590][**Provided** that such consent, or consultation with the Chief Justices of the High Courts, shall not be necessary if such transfer is for a period not exceeding [^591][two years][^591] at a time.][^590] [^590]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 12 (with effect from September 16, 1976). [^591]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 41 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "one year". [^592]: Inserted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 24 of 1985), Section 3(a) (with effect from March 19, 1985). [^593]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 41 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > **(2)** When a judge is so transferred, he shall, during the period for which he serves as a judge of the High Court to which he is transferred, be entitled to such compensatory allowance, in addition to his salary, as the President may, by Order, determine. [^594]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 10 (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^595]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 41 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^596]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 73(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > [^597][ > > **(4)** A Judge of a High Court who does not accept transfer to another High Court under clause (1) shall be deemed to have retired from his office and, on such retirement, shall be entitled to receive a pension calculated on the basis of the length of his service as Judge and total service, if any, in the service of Pakistan. > > ][^597] [^597]: Inserted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 24 of 1985), Section 3(c) (with effect from March 19, 1985). [^598]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 17 (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^599]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 42 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > **(3)** No Bench of a High Court other than a Constitutional Bench shall exercise jurisdiction vested in the High Court under sub-paragraph (i) of paragraph (a) and paragraph (c) of clause (1) of Article 199. ### Part VII, Chapter 3A: Federal Shariat Court [^600]: Substituted by Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 1 of 1980), Section 3 (with effect from May 26, 1980) for Chapter 3A: "Shariat Bench of Superior Courts" [^601]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 2(a) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for : > **(a)** "Chairman" means chairman of the Court;" [^602]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 2(a) (with effect from March 22, 1982). [^603]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Section 2, Sch. item 42 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "[^604][five][^604]". [^604]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1984 (President's Order No. 2 of 1984), Section 2 (with effect from April 26, 1984) for "[^605][four][^605]". [^605]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1983 (President's Order No. 7 of 1983), Section 2 (with effect from May 19, 1983) for "three". [^606]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 2(a) (with effect from March 22, 1982) : : > **(d)** 'member' means member of the Court. [^607]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1981 (President's Order No. 7 of 1981), Section 2 (with effect from May 27, 1981) for : > **(2)** The Court shall consist of five [^611][Muslim][^611]members including the Chairman to be appointed by the President. [^608]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(a) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "members". [^609]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(b) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "Chairman". [^610]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 74(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^611]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 4 of 1980), Section 2(a) (with effect from June 21, 1980). [^612]: Substituted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 24 of 1985), Section 4(a) (with effect from March 19, 1985) for : > **(3)** The Chairman shall be a person who is, or has been or is qualified to be a Judge of the Supreme Court and a member shall be a person who is, or has been or is qualified to be a Judge of a High Court. [^613]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 18 (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^614]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 74(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "who are well-versed in Islamic law". [^615]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(b) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "Chairman". [^616]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(c) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "member". [^617]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 74(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : " for a period exceeding [^618][two years][^618]". [^618]: Substituted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 24 of 1985), Section 4(b) (with effect from March 19, 1985) for "one year". [^619]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 4 of 1980), Section 2(b) (with effect from June 21, 1980). [^620]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 4 of 1980), Section 2(c) (with effect from June 21, 1980). [^621]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(b) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "Chairman". [^622]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(c) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "member". [^623]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 43 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^624]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 74(iv) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(4B)** The President may, at any time, by order in writing, > > **(a)** modify the term of appointment of a Judge; > > **(b)** assign to a Judge any other office; and > > **(c)** require a Judge to perform such other functions as the President may deem fit; and pass such other order as he may consider appropriate. > > > **Explanation:**In this clause and clause (4C), "Judge" includes Chief Justice. [^625]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 74(v) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > **(4C)** While he is performing the functions which he is required under clause (4B) to perform or holding any other office assigned to him under that clause, a Judge shall be entitled to the same salary, allowances and privileges as are admissible to the Chief Justice or, as the case may be, Judge of the Court. [^626]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 74(v) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > **(5)** A Judge of a High Court who does not accept appointment as a [^627][Judge][^627] shall be deemed to have retired from his office and, on such retirement, shall be entitled to receive a pension calculated on the basis of the length of his service as Judge and total service, if any, in the service of Pakistan. [^627]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(c) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "member". [^628]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(b) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "Chairman". [^629]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(b) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "Chairman". [^630]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(c) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "member". [^631]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(b) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "Chairman". [^632]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(c) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "member". [^633]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(b) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "Chairman". [^634]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(c) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "member". [^635]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 74(vi) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^636]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(b) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "Chairman". [^637]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 19(a) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "salary". [^638]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 3(c) (with effect from March 22, 1982) for "member". [^639]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 19(a) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "salary". [^640]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 19(b) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for ".". [^641]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 19(b) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^642]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1981 (President's Order No. 7 of 1981), Section 3 (with effect from May 27, 1981) : : > [^643][ > > ****203CC**** **Panel of Ulema and Ulema members.** > > **(1)** The President may, in consultation with the Chairman, draw up a panel of Ulema who are well-versed in Islamic law for being associated with the Court in cases before it. > > **(2)** The Chairman shall, in all cases before the Court, request the Ulema not exceeding three, borne on aforesaid panel to attend the sittings of the Court as Ulema members and, while so sitting, they shall have the same power and jurisdiction, and be entitled to the same privileges, as a member and such allowances as may be determined by the President. > > ][^643] [^643]: Inserted by Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1981 (President's Order No. 5 of 1981), Section 2 (with effect from April 13, 1981). [^644]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 4 (with effect from March 22, 1982). [^645]: Inserted by Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1984 (President's Order No. 1 of 1984), Section 2(a) (with effect from February 14, 1984). [^646]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 75 (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "or the Concurrent Legislative List". [^647]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 75 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^648]: Substituted by Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1984 (President's Order No. 1 of 1984), Section 2(b) (with effect from February 14, 1984) for ".". [^649]: Inserted by Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1984 (President's Order No. 1 of 1984), Section 2(b) (with effect from February 14, 1984). [^650]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 18 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for ".". [^651]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 19 (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^652]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 4 of 1980), Section 3 (with effect from June 21, 1980) : : > **(4)** A decision of the Court shall be expressed in terms of the opinion of the majority of its members and shall be published in the official Gazette. [^653]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 5 (with effect from March 22, 1982) for : > [^654][ > > ****203DD**** **Further jurisdiction of the Court** > The Court shall have such other jurisdiction as may be conferred on it by or under any law. > > ][^654] [^654]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 4 of 1980), Section 4 (with effect from June 21, 1980). [^655]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 4 of 1980), Section 5 (with effect from June 21, 1980). [^656]: Inserted by Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1981 (President's Order No. 5 of 1981), Section 2 (with effect from April 13, 1981). [^657]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1983 (President's Order No. 7 of 1983), Section 2 (with effect from May 19, 1983) for ".". [^658]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1983 (President's Order No. 7 of 1983), Section 2 (with effect from May 19, 1983). [^659]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 6 (with effect from March 22, 1982). [^660]: Substituted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 12 of 1982), Section 2 (with effect from August 15, 1982) for : > **(3)** For the purpose of the exercise of the jurisdiction conferred by this Article, there shall be constituted in the Supreme Court a Bench consisting of three Muslim Judges of the Supreme Court, to be called the Shariat Appellate Bench, and reference in the preceding clauses to "Supreme Court" shall be construed as a reference to the Shariat Appellate Bench. [^661]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 7 (with effect from March 22, 1982). [^662]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 8 (with effect from March 22, 1982) : : > ### 203I. Administrative arrangements, etc > > The Federal Government shall make all such administrative arrangements, and make available to the Court the services of such officers and experts, as it may consider necessary for the convenient performance of the functions of the Court. [^663]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 4 of 1980), Section 6 (with effect from June 21, 1980) : "and". [^664]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 4 of 1980), Section 6 (with effect from June 21, 1980) for ".". [^665]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 4 of 1980), Section 6 (with effect from June 21, 1980). ### Part VII, Chapter 4: General Provisions Relating to the Judicature [^667]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 44 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****204**** **(1)** In this Article "Court means the Supreme Court or a High Court. > > [^669][ > > **(2)** A Court shall have the power to punish a person for contempt of Court in accordance with law. > > ][^669] [^668]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 43 (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^669]: Substituted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 13 (with effect from December 1, 1976) for : > **(2)** A Court shall have power to punish any person who, > > **(a)** abuses, interferes with or obstructs the process of the Court in any way or disobeys any order of the Court; > > **(b)** scandalizes the Court or otherwise does anything which tends to bring the Court or a Judge of the Court into hatred, ridicule or contempt; > > **(c)** does anything which tends to prejudice the determination of a matter pending before the Court; or > > **(d)** does any other thing which, by law, constitutes contempt of the Court. > > > Explanation.-Fair comment made in good faith and in the public interest on the working of the Court or any of its final decisions after the expiry of the period of limitation for appeal, if any, shall not constitute contempt of Court. > > **(3)** The exercise of the power conferred on a Court by this Article may be regulated by law and, subject to law, by rules made by the Court. [^670]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 44 (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^671]: Renumbered by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 14 (with effect from September 16, 1976) [^672]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 45(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^673]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 45(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > [^674][ > > **(2)** A Judge of a High Court who does not accept appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court shall be deemed to have retired from his office and, on such retirement, shall be entitled to receive a pension calculated on the basis of the length of his service as Judge and total service, if any, in the service of Pakistan. > > ][^674] [^674]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 14 (with effect from September 16, 1976). [^675]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 46(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^676]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 46(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^677]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 46(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^678]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 46(b)(i) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^679]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 46(b)(ii) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "; and". [^680]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 46(b)(iii) (with effect from November 13, 2025) : : > **(c)** of the High Court of West Pakistan as it existed immediately before the coming into force of the Province of West Pakistan (Dissolution) Order, 1970, shall not plead or act in any Court or before any authority within the jurisdiction of the principal seat of that High Court or, as the case may be, the Permanent Bench of that High Court to which he was assigned. [^681]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 47(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^682]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 20 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for "Supreme Court [^683][and the Federal Shariat Court][^683]". [^683]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 5 of 1982), Section 9 (with effect from March 22, 1982). [^684]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 47(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for ".". [^685]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 47(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^686]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 21 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for : > ### 209. Supreme Judicial Council > > **(1)** There shall be a Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan, in this Chapter referred to as the Council. > > **(2)** The Council shall consist of, > > **(a)** the Chief Justice of Pakistan; > > **(b)** the two next most senior Judges of the Supreme Court; and > > **(c)** the two most senior Chief Justices of High Courts. > > > Explanation:- For the purpose of this clause, the inter se seniority of the Chief Justices of the High Courts shall be determined with reference to their dates of appointment as Chief Justice [^698][otherwise than as acting Chief Justice][^698], and in case the dates of such appointment are the same, with reference to their dates of appointment as Judges of any of the High Courts. > > **(3)** If at any time the Council is inquiring into the capacity or conduct of a Judge who is a member of the Council, or a member of the Council is absent or is unable to act due to illness or any other cause, then > > **(a)** if such member is a Judge of the Supreme Court, the Judge of the Supreme Court who is next in seniority below the Judges referred to in paragraph (b) of clause (2), and > > **(b)** if such member is the Chief Justice of a High Court; the Chief Justice of another High Court who is next in seniority amongst the Chief Justices of the remaining High Courts, shall act as a member of the Council in his place. > > **(4)** If, upon any matter inquired into by the Council, there is a difference of opinion amongst its members, the opinion of the majority shall prevail, and the report of the Council to the President shall be expressed in terms of the view of the majority. > > [^699][ > > **(5)** If, on information from any source, the Council or the President is of the opinion that a Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court- > > **(a)** may be incapable of property performing the duties of his office by reason of physical or mental incapacity; or > > **(b)** may have been guilty of misconduct, > > the President shall direct the Council to, or the Council may, on its own motion, inquire into the matter. > > ][^699] > > **(6)** If, after inquiring into the matter, the Council reports to the President that it is of the opinion, > > **(a)** that the Judge is incapable of performing the duties of his office or has been guilty of misconduct, and > > **(b)** that he should be removed from office, the President may remove the Judge from office. > > **(7)** A Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court shall not be removed from office except as provided by this Article. > > **(8)** The Council shall issue a code of conduct to be observed by Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts. [^687]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 48(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > **(2)** The Council shall consist of- > > **(a)** the Chief Justice of Pakistan; > > **(b)** the two next most senior Judges of the Supreme Court; and > > **(c)** the two most senior Chief Justices of the High Courts. > > > Explanation.- For the purpose of this clause, the *inter se* seniority of the Chief Justices of the High Courts shall be determined with reference to their dates of appointment as Chief Justice otherwise than as acting Chief Justice, and in case the dates of such appointment are the same, with reference to their dates of appointment as Judges of the High Courts. [^688]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 48(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > **(3)** If at any time, the Council is inquiring into the capacity, efficiency or conduct of a Judge who is a member of the Council, or a member of the Council is absent or is unable to act due to illness or any other cause, then if such member is the- > > **(a)** Chief Justice or Judge of the Supreme Court, the Judge of the Supreme Court who is next in seniority below the Judges referred to in paragraph (b) of clause (2); and > > **(b)** Chief Justice of a High Court, the Chief Justice of another High Court who is next in seniority amongst the Chief Justices of the remaining High Courts, > > shall act as a member of the Council in his place. [^689]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 48(c)(i) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^690]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 48(c)(ii) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^691]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 48(c)(iii) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^692]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 48(c)(iii) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^693]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 48(d)(i) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^694]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 48(d)(i) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^695]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 48(e) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^696]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 48(f) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^697]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 48(g) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^698]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 11 (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^699]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 76 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(5)** If, on information [^700][from any source, the Council or][^700], the President is of the opinion that a Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court, > > **(a)** may be incapable of properly performing the duties of his office by reason of physical or mental incapacity; or > > **(b)** may have been guilty of misconduct, the President shall direct the [^701][,or the Council may, on its own motion,][^701] inquire into the matter. [^700]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 20(i) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "received from the Council or from any other source". [^701]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 20(ii) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "Council to". [^702]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 49(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^703]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 49(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^704]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 49(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^705]: Substituted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 12(a)(i)(and deemed to have always been so) for "establish". [^706]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 12(a)(i)(and deemed to have always been so). [^707]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 12(a)(i)(and deemed to have always been so). [^708]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 15 (with effect from September 16, 1976). [^709]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^710]: For such law, see the Provincial Service Tribunals (Extension of Provisions of the Constitution) Act, 1974 (32 of 1974). [^711]: The following was omitted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 45 (with effect from December 30, 1985) : : > [^712][ > > ### 212A. Establishment of Military Courts or Tribunals > > **(1)** Notwithstanding anything herein before contained, the Chief Martial Law Administrator may, by a Martial Law Order, provide for the establishment of one or more Military Courts or Tribunals for the trial of offences punishable under the Martial Law Regulations or Martial Law Orders or any other law, including a special law, for the time being in force specified in the said Martial Law Order and for the transfer of cases to such Courts or Tribunals. > > **(2)** The jurisdiction and powers of a Military Court or Tribunal shall be such as may be specified in a Martial Law Order issued by the Chief Martial Law Administrator. > > **(3)** Notwithstanding anything herein before contained, where any Military Court or Tribunal is established, no other Court, including a High Court, shall grant an injunction, make any order or entertain any proceedings in respect of any matter to which the jurisdiction of the Military Court or Tribunal extends and of which cognizance has been taken by, or which has been transferred to, the Military Court or Tribunal and all proceedings in respect of any such matter which may be pending before such other Court, other than an appeal pending before the Supreme Court shall abate. > > ][^712] [^712]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1979 (President's Order No. 21 of 1979), Section 2 (with effect from July 5, 1977). [^713]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (14 of 1991), Section 2 (with effect from July 28, 1994) : : > [^714][ > > ### 212B. Establishment of Special Courts for trial of heinous offences > > **(1)** In order to ensure speedy trial of cases of persons accused of the heinous offences specified by law as are referred to them by the Federal Government, or an authority or person authorized by it, in view of their being gruesome, brutal and sensational in character or shocking to public morality, the Federal Government may by law constitute as many Special Courts as it may consider necessary. > > **(2)** Where the Federal Government constitutes more than one Special Court, it shall determine the territorial limits within which each one of them shall exercise jurisdiction. > > **(3)** A Special Court shall consist of a Judge, being a person who is, or has been or is qualified for appointment as, a Judge of a High Court and is appointed by the Federal Government after consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court. > > **(4}** A person other than a Judge of a High Court who is appointed as a Judge of a Special Court shall hold office for the period this Article remains in force and shall not be removed from office except in the manner prescribed in Article 209 for the removal from office of a Judge, and, in the application of the said Article for the purposes of this clause, any reference in that Article to a Judge shall be construed as a reference to a Judge of a Special Court. > > **(5)** The law referred to in clause (1) shall make provision for the constitution of as many Supreme Appellate Court as the Federal Government may consider necessary and an appeal against the sentence or final order of a Special Court being preferred to a Supreme Appellate Court which shall consist of - > > **(a)** a Chairman, being a Judge of the Supreme Court to be nominated by the Federal Government after consultation with the Chief Justice of Pakistan, and > > **(b)** two Judges of the High Courts to be nominated by the Federal Government after consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court concerned. > > **(6)** Where the Federal Government constitutes more than one Supreme Appellate Court, it shall determine the territorial limits within which each one of them shall exercise Jurisdiction. > > **(7)** A Special Court and a Supreme Appellate Court shall decide a case or, as the case may be, an appeal with thirty days. > > **(8)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, no Court shall exercise any jurisdiction whatsoever in relation to any proceedings before, or order or sentence passed by a Special Court or a Supreme Appellate Court constituted under a law referred to in clause (1), except as provided in such law. > > ][^714] [^714]: Inserted by Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (14 of 1991), Section 2 (with effect from July 28, 1991). ### Part VIII, Chapter 1: Chief Election Commissioner and Elections Commissions [^715]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 2 (with effect from June 8, 2016) for "Commissions". [^716]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 77(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "[^717][in his discretion.][^717]". [^717]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 46 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^718]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 4(i) (with effect from June 8, 2016) for : > **(2)** No person shall be appointed to be Commissioner unless he is, or has been, a Judge of the Supreme Court or is, or has been, a Judge of a High Court and is qualified under paragraph (a) of clause (2) of Article 177 to be appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court. [^719]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 77(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^720]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 4(ii) (with effect from June 8, 2016) for ".". [^721]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 4(ii) (with effect from June 8, 2016). [^722]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 4(iii)(a) (with effect from June 8, 2016) : : > > **Provided** that in case there is no consensus between the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, each shall forward separate lists to the Parliamentary Committee for consideration which may confirm any one name: [^723]: Substituted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 6(i) (with effect from January 1, 2011) for : > > **Provided** further that the total strength of the Parliamentary Committee shall not exceed twelve members out of which one-third shall be from the Senate: [^724]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 4(iii)(b) (with effect from June 8, 2016) : "further". [^725]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 4(iii)(c) (with effect from June 8, 2016) for "also". [^726]: Substituted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 6(ii) (with effect from January 1, 2011) for "Parliamentary Committee shall comprise". [^727]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 4(iv) (with effect from June 8, 2016). [^728]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 3(a) (with effect from February 28, 2012) : "Commissioner's". [^729]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 3(b) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^730]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 4(a) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^731]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 4(b)(i) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^732]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 78(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "five". [^733]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 5(i) (with effect from June 8, 2016) for : > > [^734][**Provided** that the aforesaid amendment shall be effective after the expiry of current tenure of the present incumbent [^735][Commissioner][^735].][^734] > > [^736][][^736] [^734]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 78(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^735]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 4(b)(ii) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^736]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 78(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > > **Provided** that the National Assembly may by resolution extend the term of the Commissioner by a period not exceeding one year. [^737]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 22(A) (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^738]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 22(B) (with effect from October 21, 2024) for "further". [^739]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 4(c)(i) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^740]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 4(c)(ii) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^741]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 4(d) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^742]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 5(ii) (with effect from June 8, 2016). [^743]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 5(a) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^744]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 5(b) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^745]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 5(c) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^746]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 6 (with effect from June 8, 2016) for ":". [^747]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 6 (with effect from June 8, 2016) : : > > **Provided** that > > > > **(a)** this clause shall not be construed as preventing a person who was a Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court immediately before his appointment as Commissioner from resuming his duties as such Judge on the expiration of his term as Commissioner[^748][.][^748] > > > > [^749][][^749] [^748]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 79(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^749]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 79(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > **(b)** a person who has held office as Commissioner may, with the concurrence of both Houses, be reappointed to that office before the expiration of two years after he has ceased to hold that office. [^750]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 7 (with effect from June 8, 2016) for "a Judge of the Supreme Court nominated by the Chief Justice of Pakistan". [^751]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 80(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > [^752][ > > **(1)** For the purpose of election to both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), Provincial Assemblies and for election of such other public offices as may be specified by law or until such law is made by the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) by Order of the President, a permanent Election Commission shall be constituted in accordance with this Article. > > ][^752] [^752]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 21(1) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for : > **(1)** For the purpose of each general election to the National Assembly and to a Provincial Assembly, an Election Commission shall be constituted in accordance with this Article. [^753]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 80(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(2)** The Election Commission shall consist of, > > **(a)** the Commissioner who shall be Chairman of the Commission; and > > **(b)** [^755][four][^755] members each of whom shall be a Judge of a High Court [^756][from each Province][^756]appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court concerned and with the Commissioner. [^754]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 8 (with effect from June 8, 2016) for : > **(b)** four members, each of whom has been a Judge of a High Court from each Province, appointed by the President in the manner provided for appointment of the Commissioner in clauses (2A) and (2B) of Article 213. [^755]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 21(2)(i) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "two". [^756]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 21(2)(ii) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^757]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 6 (with effect from February 28, 2012) : "constituted in relation to an election". [^758]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 9(i) (with effect from June 8, 2016) for "Commissioner". [^759]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 81(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "Commissioner". [^760]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 9(ii) (with effect from June 8, 2016) for : > **(a)** preparing electoral rolls for election to the National Assembly and the Provincial Assemblies, and revising such rolls annually, [^761]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 81(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for ".". [^762]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 81(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^763]: Substituted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 7 (with effect from February 28, 2012) for ".". [^764]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 7 (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^765]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 10(i) (with effect from June 8, 2016) for "servants". [^766]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^767]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 82 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^768]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 10(ii) (with effect from June 8, 2016) for "servants". [^769]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 82 (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "Commissioner or an". [^770]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 10(ii) (with effect from June 8, 2016) for "Election Commission". ### Part VIII, Chapter 2: Electoral Laws and Conduct of Elections [^771]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^772]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 11(i) (with effect from June 8, 2016). [^773]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 10(ii)(a) (with effect from June 8, 2016) : "and". [^774]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 10(ii)(a) (with effect from June 8, 2016). [^775]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 10(ii)(b) (with effect from June 8, 2016). [^776]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (25 of 2016), Section 10(iii) (with effect from June 8, 2016) for "an". [^777]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 83(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(1)** A general election to the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly shall be held within a period of sixty days immediately [^778][following][^778] the day on which the term of the Assembly is due to expire, unless the Assembly has been sooner dissolved, and the results of the election shall be declared not later than fourteen days before that day[^779][:][^779] > > > [^780][**Provided** that on dissolution of an Assembly on completion of its term, the President, in his discretion, or, as the case may be, the Governor, in his discretion but with the previous approval of the President, shall appoint a care-taker Cabinet.][^780] [^778]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 22(a)(i) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "preceding". [^779]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 22(a)(ii) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for ".". [^780]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 22(a)(ii) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^781]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 83(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^782]: Substituted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 8(a)(i) (with effect from February 28, 2012) for "selected". [^783]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 8(a)(ii) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^784]: Substituted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 8(a)(iii) (with effect from February 28, 2012) for "further". [^785]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 2(a) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "[^786][general][^786]". [^786]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 22(b) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^787]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 2(a) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > [^788][ > > **(6)** When a seat reserved for women or non-Muslims in the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly falls vacant, for death, resignation or disqualification of a member, it shall be filled by the next person in order of precedence from the party list of the candidates submitted to the Election Commission for the last general election by the political party whose member has vacated such seat. > > **(7)** When a care-taker Cabinet is appointed, on dissolution of the National Assembly under Article 58 or a Provincial Assembly under Article 112, or on dissolution of any such Assembly on completion of its term, the Prime Minister or, as the case may be, the Chief Minister of the care-taker Cabinet shall not be eligible to contest the immediately following election of such Assembly. > > ][^788] [^788]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 22(c) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^789]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 83(iii) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^790]: Substituted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 8(b) (with effect from February 28, 2012) for ".". [^791]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 8(c) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^792]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 9 (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^793]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 84 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 226. Elections to be secret ballot > > All elections under the Constitution [^794][][^794] shall be by secret ballot. [^794]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 24 of 1985), Section 5 (with effect from March 19, 1985) : "other than those of the Prime Minister and a Chief Minister". ### Part IX: Islamic Provisions [^795]: Inserted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 14 of 1980), Section 2 (with effect from September 17, 1980). [^796]: For the notification constituting the Council of Islamic Ideology, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1974, Extraordinary, part II, Page 165. For the Council of Islamic Ideology (Terms and Conditions of Members) Rules, 1974, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1974, Extraordinary, Part II, page 1727. [^797]: Substituted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 16 of 1980), Section 2 (with effect from November 30, 1980) for "fifteen". [^798]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 85 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "four". [^799]: Substituted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Order, 1982 (President's Order No. 13 of 1982), Section 2 (with effect from September 22, 1982) for : > **(4)** The President shall appoint one of the members referred to in paragraph (b) of clause (3) to be the Chairman of the Islamic Council. [^800]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^801]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 23 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for "two-fifths". [^802]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^803]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^804]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 24 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for ".". [^805]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 24 (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^806]: For the Council of Islamic Ideology (Procedure) Rules, 1974, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1974, Extraordinary, Part II, pages 771-773. ### Part X: Emergency Provisions [^807]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 86 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^808]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 86 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^809]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 47 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > **(a)** Parliament shall have power to make laws for a province, or any part thereof, with respect to any matter enumerated in Part II of the Federal Legislative List or the Concurrent Legislative List or with respect to any matter not enumerated in either of those Lists, as if it were a matter specified in Part I of the Federal Legislative List. [^810]: For such Order, in respect of N.W.F.P., see S.R.O. No. 22 (I)/75, dated February 16, 1975, Gazette of Pakistan, 1975, Extraordinary, Part II, page 329, since rescinded by S.R.O. No. 522 (I)/75, dated May 3, 1975, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1975, Extraordinary, Part II, page 727; and For such Order, in respect of the Province of Baluchistan, see S.R.O. No. 641 (I)/76, dated June 30, 1976, Gazette of Pakistan, 1976, Extraordinary, Part II, page 1207, since rescinded by S.R.O. No. 1161 (I)/76, dated December 6, 1976, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1976, Extraordinary, Part II, page 2279. [^811]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^812]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^813]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^814]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^815]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^816]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^817]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^818]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^819]: Substituted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1975 (22 of 1975), Section 3 (with effect from February 13, 1975) for : > **(b)** may by resolution of a [^820] joint sitting, be continued in force for a period not exceeding six months at a time. [^820]: For resolutions under original paragraph (b) approving the continuance in force of the Proclamation of Emergency, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1974, Extraordinary, Part II, page 343, and page 1183. [^821]: The Order suspending the right to move any court for the enforcement of certain Fundamental Rights issued vide Gazette of Pakistan, 1973, Extraordinary, part I, 602, has been rescinded by S.R.O. 1093 (I)/74, dated August 14, 1974. See Gazette of Pakistan, 1974, Extraordinary, Part II, page 1548. [^822]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 87 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > [^823] a joint sitting [^823]: The joint sitting passed the following resolution on September 6, 1973:- "That the joint sitting approves under clause (7) of Article 232 of the Constitution, read with clause (3) of the Article 233 thereof, the President's Order of the 14th of August, 1973, made under clause (2) of the said Article 233 and the continuance in force of the said Order for the period of six months following the expiration of the period mentioned in paragraph (a) of the said clause (7) of Article 232.". For resolution approving the continuance in force of the President's Order of the 14th of August , 1973, for a further period of six months, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1974, Extraordinary, Part III, page 343. [^824]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 88(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "or otherwise". [^825]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 88(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "at a joint sitting". [^826]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^827]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^828]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^829]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^830]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^831]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^832]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^833]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^834]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^835]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^836]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". ### Part XI: Amendment of Constitution [^837]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^838]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 20 of 1985), Section 3 (with effect from March 19, 1985) for : > [^840][ > > ### 239. Constitution Amendment Bill > > **(1)** A Bill to amend this Constitution may originate in either House and when the Bill has been passed by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House it shall be transmitted to the other House. > > **(2)** If the Bill is passed without amendment by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House to which it is transmitted under clause (1), it shall be transmitted to all the Provincial Assemblies. > > **(3)** If the Bill is passed with amendment by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House to which it is transmitted under clause (1), it shall be reconsidered by the House in which it had originated; and if the Bill as amended by the former House is passed by the latter by the votes of not less than two-thirds of its total membership it shall be transmitted to all the Provincial Assembles. > > **(4)** Subject to clause (5), if the Bill transmitted to the Provincial Assemblies under clause (2) or clause (3) is passed by each such Assembly by a majority of the total number of its members present and voting, it shall be presented to the President for assent. > > **(5)** A Bill to amend the Constitution which would have the effect of altering the limits of a Province shall not be presented to the President for assent unless it has been passed by the Provincial Assembly of that Province by the votes of not less than two-thirds of its total membership. > > **(6)** No amendment of the Constitution shall be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever. > > **(7)** For the removal of doubt, it is hereby declared that there is no limitation whatever on the power of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) to amend by way of addition, modification or repeal any of the provisions of the Constitution. > > ][^840] [^839]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 50 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > **(5)** No amendment of the Constitution shall be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever. [^840]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 48 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for : > ****239**** **(1)** A Bill to amend the Constitution shall originate in the National Assembly and when the Bill has been passed by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Assembly it shall be transmitted to the Senate. > > **(2)** If the Bill is passed by the Senate by a majority of the total membership of the Senate it shall be presented to the President for assent. > > **(3)** If the Bill is passed by the Senate with amendments, it shall be reconsidered by the National Assembly; and if the Bill as amended by the Senate is passed by the Assembly by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Assembly, it shall be presented to the President for assent. > > **(4)** If the Bill is not passed by the Senate within ninety days from the day of its receipt the Bill shall be deemed to have been rejected by the Senate. > > **(5)** The President shall assent to the Bill within seven days of the presentation of the Bill to him, and if he fails to do so he shall be deemed to have assented thereto at the expiration of that period. > > **(6)** When the President has assented to or is deemed to have assented to the Bill, the Bill shall become Act of Parliament and the Constitution shall stand amended in accordance with the terms thereof. > > **(7)** A Bill to amend the Constitution which would have the effect of altering the limits of a Province shall not be passed by the National Assembly unless it has been approved by a resolution of the Provincial Assembly of that Province passed by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of that Assembly. ### Part XII, Chapter 1: Services [^841]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^842]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^843]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^844]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 49 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^845]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 89(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "in his discretion". [^846]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 89(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). ### Part XII, Chapter 2: Armed Forces [^847]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 90 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ### 243. Command of Armed Forces > > **(1)** The Federal Government shall have control and command of the Armed Forces. > > [^850][ > > **(1A)** Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces shall vest in the President. > > ][^850] > > **(2)** The President shall, subject to law, have power- > > **(a)** to raise and maintain the Military, Naval and Air Forces of Pakistan; and the Reserves of such Forces; [^851][and][^851] > > **(b)** to grant Commissions in such Forces[^852][.][^852] > > [^853][][^853] > > [^854][ > > **(3)** The President shall, [^855][in consultation with the Prime Minister][^855], appoint- > > **(a)** the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee; > > **(b)** the Chief of the Army Staff; > > **(c)** the Chief of the Naval Staff; and > > **(d)** the Chief of the Air Staff, > > and shall also determine their salaries and allowances." > > ][^854] [^848]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 51(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > **(4)** The President shall, on advice of the Prime Minister, appoint- > > **(a)** the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee; > > **(b)** the Chief of the Army Staff; > > **(c)** the Chief of the Naval Staff; and > > **(d)** the Chief of the Air Staff, > > and shall also determine their salaries and allowances. [^849]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 51(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^850]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 50 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^851]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 23(1)(a) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^852]: Substituted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 23(1)(b) (with effect from August 21, 2002) for "; and". [^853]: The following was omitted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 23(1)(b) (with effect from August 21, 2002) : : > **(c)** to appoint the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, the Chief of the Army Staff, the Chief of the Naval Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff, and determine their salaries and allowances. [^854]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 23(2) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^855]: Substituted by Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (3 of 2003), Article 8 (with effect from December 31, 2003) for "in his discretion". [^856]: Renumbered by Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1977 (23 of 1977), Section 4 (with effect from April 21, 1977) [^857]: Inserted by Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1977 (23 of 1977), Section 4 (with effect from April 21, 1977). ### Part XII, Chapter 3: Tribal Areas [^858]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 91(a) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "Baluchistan". [^859]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 91(a) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "North-West Frontier". [^860]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 91(a) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "and". [^861]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 7(i) (with effect from January 1, 2011) : "[^862][ **(iii)** Tribal Areas adjoining Lakki Marwat District; and **(iv)** Tribal Areas adjoining Tank District. ][^862]". [^862]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 91(b) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^863]: Inserted by Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1976 (84 of 1976), Section 4(a)(i) (with effect from October 1, 1976). [^864]: Substituted by Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1976 (84 of 1976), Section 4(a)(ii) (with effect from October 1, 1976) for "Hazara". [^865]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 8(i) (with effect from May 31, 2018) : "and". [^866]: Inserted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 7(ii)(a) (with effect from January 1, 2011). [^867]: Inserted by Constitution (Ninetenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 7(ii)(b) (with effect from January 1, 2011). [^868]: Substituted by Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1976 (84 of 1976), Section 4(b) (with effect from December 1, 1976) for : > **(v)** Bajaur in Malakand Agency; [^869]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 8(ii) (with effect from May 31, 2018) for ".". [^870]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 8(iii) (with effect from May 31, 2018). [^871]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2017 (37 of 2018), Sect. 9 (with effect from May 31, 2018) : : > ### 247. Administration of Tribal Areas > > **(1)** Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the Federation shall extend to the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and the executive authority of a Province shall extend to the Provincially Administered Tribal Areas therein. > > **(2)** The President may, from time to time, give such directions to the Governor of a Province relating to the whole or any part of a Tribal Area within the Province as he may deem necessary, and the Governor shall, in the exercise of his functions under this Article, comply with such directions. > > **(3)** No Act of [^872][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^872] shall apply to any Federally Administered Tribal Area or to any part thereof, unless the President so directs, and no Act of [^873][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^873] or a Provincial Assembly shall apply to a Provincially Administered Tribal Area, or to any part thereof, unless the Governor of the Province in which the Tribal Area is situated, with the approval of the President, so directs; and in giving such a direction with respect to any law, the President or, as the case may be, the Governor, may direct that the law shall, in its application to a Tribal Area, or to a specified part thereof, have effect subject to such exceptions and modifications as may be specified in the direction. > > **(4)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the President may, with respect to any matter within the legislative competence of [^874][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^874], and the Governor of a Province, with the prior approval of the President, may, with respect to any matter within the legislative competence of the Provincial Assembly make regulations for the peace and good government of a Provincially Administered Tribal Area or any part thereof, situated in the Province. > > **(5)** Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the President may, with respect to any matter, make regulations for the peace and good Government of a Federally Administered Tribal Area or any part thereof. > > **(6)** The President may, at any time, by Order, direct that the whole or any part of a Tribal Area shall cease to be Tribal Area, and such Order may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as appear to the President to be necessary and proper: > > > **Provided** that before making any Order under this clause, the President shall ascertain, in such manner as he considers appropriate, the views of the people of the Tribal Area concerned, as represented in tribal jirga. > > **(7)** Neither the Supreme Court nor a High Court shall exercise any jurisdiction under the Constitution in relation to a Tribal Area, unless [^875][Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)][^875] by law otherwise provides: > > > **Provided** that nothing in this clause shall affect the jurisdiction which the Supreme Court or a High Court exercised in relation to a Tribal Area immediately before the commencing day. [^872]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^873]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^874]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^875]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". ### Part XII, Chapter 4: General [^876]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 52(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "The". [^877]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 52(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > **(2)** No criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be instituted or continued against the President or a Governor in any court during his term of office. [^878]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 52(c) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for : > **(3)** No process for the arrest or imprisonment of the President or a Governor shall issue from any court during his term of office. [^879]: The following was omitted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 13 (with effect from May 4, 1974) : "a Governor,". [^880]: The following was omitted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 13 (with effect from May 4, 1974) : "a Governor,". [^881]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^882]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 51 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "be made in". [^883]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 25 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for "that person". [^884]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^885]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 14 (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^886]: Inserted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1981 (President's Order No. 12 of 1981), Section 2 (with effect from October 12, 1981). [^887]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 26 (with effect from October 21, 2024) for "or nursing". [^888]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 14(and deemed to have always been so). ### Part XII, Chapter 5: Interpretation [^889]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^890]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^891]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 15(a) (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^892]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 53(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^893]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 53(ab) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^894]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 92 (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > [^895][ > > "consultation" shall, save in respect of appointments of Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, mean discussion and deliberation which shall not be binding on the President. > > ][^895] [^895]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 24 (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^896]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^897]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 53(b)(i) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^898]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 53(b)(ii)(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^899]: Renumbered from "(a)". by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 53(b)(ii)(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) [^900]: Renumbered from "(b)". by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 53(b)(ii)(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) [^901]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^902]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 53(c) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^903]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 15(b) (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^904]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 16 (with effect from September 16, 1976). [^905]: Inserted by Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1976 (84 of 1976), Section 5 (with effect from December 13, 1976). [^906]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 53(d) (with effect from November 13, 2025). [^907]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^908]: Substituted by Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 24 of 1985), Section 6 (with effect from March 19, 1985) for : > [^909][ > > **(3)** A person who does not believe in the absolute and unqualified finality of The Prophethood of MUHAMMAD (Peace be upon him), the last of the Prophets or claims to be a Prophet, in any sense of the word or of any description whatsoever, after MUHAMMAD (Peace be upon him), or recognizes such a claimant as a Prophet or religious reformer, is not a Muslim for the purposes of the Constitution or law. > > ][^909] [^909]: Inserted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1974 (49 of 1974), Section 2 (with effect from September 17, 1974). ### Part XII, Chapter 7: Transitional [^910]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 93 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^911]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 94 (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > **(2)** The laws specified in the Sixth Schedule shall not be altered, repealed or amended [^912][, expressedly or impliedly, ][^912] without the previous sanction of the President [^913][accorded after consultation with the Prime Minister][^913][^914][:][^914] > > > [^915][**Provided** that the laws mentioned at entries 27 to 30 and entry 35 in the Sixth Schedule shall stand omitted after six years. ][^915] [^912]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 25(a) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^913]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 25(b) (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^914]: Substituted by Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (3 of 2003), Article 9 (with effect from December 31, 2003) for ".". [^915]: Inserted by Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (3 of 2003), Article 9 (with effect from December 31, 2003). [^916]: For such authorization, see Gazette of Pakistan, 1973, Extraordinary, Part II, page 2001. [^917]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^918]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^919]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^920]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985 (18 of 1985), Section 19 (with effect from December 30, 1985) for : > [^923][ > > ****270A**** **(1)** The Proclamation of the fifth day of July, 1977, all President's Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders and all other laws made between the fifth day of July, 1977, and the date on which this Article comes into force, are hereby declared, notwithstanding any judgment of any court, to have been validly made by competent authority and, notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, shall not be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever. > > **(2)** All orders made, proceedings taken and acts done by any authority, or by any person, which were made, taken or done, or purported to have been made, taken or done, between the fifth day of July, 1977, and the date on which this Article comes into force, in exercise of the powers derived from any Proclamation, President's Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders, enactments, notification, rules, orders or bye-laws, or in execution of or in compliance with any order made or sentence passed by any authority in the exercise or purported exercise of powers as aforesaid, shall, notwithstanding any judgment of any court, be deemed to be and always to have been validly made, taken or done and shall not be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever. > > **(3)** All President's Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders, enactments, notifications, rules, orders or bye-laws in force immediately before the date on which this Article comes in to force shall continue in force until altered, repealed or amended by competent authority. > > **(4)** No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie in any court against any authority or any person, for or on account of or in respect of any order made, proceedings taken or act done whether in the exercise or purported exercise of the powers referred to in clause (2) or in execution of or in compliance with orders made or sentences passed in exercise or purported exercise of such powers. > > **(5)** For the purposes of clauses (1), (2) and (4), all orders made, proceedings taken, acts done or purporting to be made, taken or done by any authority or person shall be deemed to have been made, taken or done in good faith and for the purpose intended to be served thereby. > > [^924][ > > **(6)** The President's Orders referred to in clause (1) shall not be altered, repealed or amended without the previous sanction of the President. > > ][^924] > > > Explanation:- In this Article, "President's Orders" includes "President and Chief Martial Law Administrator's Order, and Chief Martial Law Administrator's Orders." > > ][^923] [^921]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 95(a) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "under which, in consequence of the result of the referendum held on the nineteenth day of December 1984, General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq became the President of Pakistan on the day of the first meeting of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) in joint sitting for the term specified in clause (7) of Article 41,". [^922]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 95 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > **(6)** Such of the President's Orders and Ordinances referred to in clause (1) as are specified in the Seventh Schedule may be amended in the manner provided for amendment of the Constitution, and all other laws referred to in the said clause may be amended by the appropriate Legislature in the manner provided for amendment of such laws. > > > Explanation. In this Article, "President's Orders" includes "President and Chief Martial Law Administrator's Orders" and "Chief Martial Law Administrator's Orders." [^923]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 52 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^924]: Substituted by Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 20 of 1985), Section 4 (with effect from March 19, 1985) for : > **(6)** Any of the President's Orders referred to in clause (1) may be amended in the manner provided for amendment of the Constitution. [^925]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 96 (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > [^926][ > > ****270AA**** **Validation and affirmation of laws, etc.** > > **(1)** The Proclamation of Emergency of the fourteenth day of October, 1999, all President's Orders, Ordinances, Chief Executive's Orders, including the Provisional Constitution Order No. 1 of 1999, the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2000 (No. 1 of 2000), Chief Executive's Order No. 12 of 2002, the amendments made in the Constitution through the Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), the Legal Framework (Amendment) Order , 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 29 of 2002), the Legal Framework (Second Amendment) Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 32 of 2002) and all other laws made between the twelfth day of October, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine and the date on which this Article comes into force (both days inclusive), having been duly made or accordingly affirmed, adopted and declared to have been validly made by the competent authority and notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution shall not be called in question in any court or forum on any ground whatsoever. > > **(2)** All orders made, proceedings taken, appointments made, including secondments and deputations, and acts done by any authority, or by any person, which were made, taken or done, or purported to have been made, taken or done, between the twelfth day of October, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine, and the date on which this Article comes into force (both days inclusive), in exercise of the powers derived from any Proclamation, President's Orders, Ordinances, Chief Executive's Orders, enactments, including amendments in the Constitution, notifications, rules, orders, bye-laws or in execution of or in compliance with any orders made or sentences passed by any authority in the exercise or purported exercise of powers as aforesaid, shall, notwithstanding any judgment of any court, be deemed to be and always to have been validly made, taken or done and shall not be called in question in any court or forum on any ground whatsoever. > > **(3)** All Proclamations, President's Orders, Ordinances, Chief Executive's Orders, laws, regulations, enactments, including amendments in the Constitution, notification, rules, orders or bye-laws in force immediately before the date on which this Article comes into force shall continue in force, until altered, repealed or amended by the competent authority. > > > **Explanation:**In this clause," competent authority" means,- > > > > **(a)** in respect of President's Orders, Ordinances, Chief Executive's Orders and enactments, including amendments in the Constitution, the appropriate Legislature; and > > > > **(b)** in respect of notifications, rules, orders and bye-laws, the authority in which the power to make, alter, repeal or amend the same vests under the law. > > **(4)** No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings, including writ petitions, shall lie in any court or forum against any authority or any persons, for or on account of or in respect of any order made, proceedings taken or act done whether in the exercise or purported exercise of the powers referred to in clause (2) or in execution of or in compliance with orders made or sentences passed in exercise or purported exercise of such powers. > > **(5)** For the purposes of clauses (1), (2) and (4), all orders made, proceedings taken , appointments made, including secondments and deputations, acts done or purporting to be made, taken or done by any authority or person shall be deemed to have been made, taken or done in good faith and for the purpose intended to be served thereby". > > ][^926] [^926]: Substituted by Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 (3 of 2003), Article 9 (with effect from December 31, 2003) for : > [^927][ > > ****270AA.**** **Validation of laws.** > > **(1)** The Proclamation of Emergency of the fourteenth day of October, 1999, all President's Orders, Ordinances, Chief Executive's Orders, including the Provisional Constitution Order No.1 of 1999, the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2000 (No.l of 2000), the Referendum Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 12 of 2002) and all other laws made between the twelfth day of October, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine and the date on which this Article comes into force, are hereby affirmed, adopted and declared notwithstanding any judgment of any court, to have been validly made by competent authority and notwithstanding anything contained in the constitution shall not be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever. > > **(2)** All orders made, proceedings taken, appointments made,including secondments and deputations, and acts done by any authority, or by any person, which were made, taken or done, or purported to have been made, taken or done, between the twelfth day of October, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine, and the date on which this Article comes into force (both days inclusive), in exercise of the powers derived from any proclamation, President's Orders, Ordinances, Chief Executive's Orders, enactments, notifications, rules, orders, bye-laws, or in execution of or in compliance with any orders made or sentences passed by any authority in the exercise or purported exercise of powers as aforesaid, shall, notwithstanding any judgment of any court, be deemed to be and always to have been validly made, taken or done and shall not be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever. > > **(3)** All Proclamations, President's Orders, Ordinances, Chief Executive's Orders, laws, regulations, enactments, notifications, rules, orders or bye-laws in force immediately before the date on which this Article comes into force shall continue in force until altered, repealed or amended by competent authority. > > > Explanation.- In this clause, "competent authority" means, > > > > **(a)** in respect of President's Orders, Ordinances, Chief Executive's Orders and enactments, the appropriate Legislature: and > > > > **(b)** in respect of notifications, rules, orders and bye-laws, the authority in which the power to make, alter, repeal or amend the same vests under the law. > > **(4)** No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie in any court against any authority or any person, for or on account of or in respect of any order made, proceedings taken or act done whether in the exercise or purported exercise of the powers referred to in clause (2) or in execution of or in compliance with orders made or sentences passed in exercise or purported exercise of such powers. > > **(5)** For the purposes of clauses (1), (2) and (4), all orders made, proceedings taken, appointments made, including secondments and deputations, acts done or purporting to be made, taken or done by any authority or person shall be deemed to have been made, taken or done in good faith and for the purpose intended to be served thereby. > > ][^927] [^927]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 26 (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^928]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 97 (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^929]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 2 (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "[^930][and the Conduct of General Elections Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No.7 of 2002),][^930]". [^930]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 27 (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^931]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 98 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^932]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 2 (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > [^933][ > > ### 270C. Oath of office of Judges, etc > > Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, all persons appointed as Judges of the Supreme Court, High Courts and Federal Shariat Court who have taken oath under the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2000 (1 of 2002), or not having been given or taken oath under that Order have ceased to continue to hold the office of a Judge shall be deemed to have been appointed or ceased to continue to hold such office, as the case may be, under the Constitution and such appointment or cession of office shall have effect accordingly. > > ][^933] [^933]: Inserted by Legal Framework Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002), Article 3(1), Sch. item 28 (with effect from August 21, 2002). [^934]: Inserted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 9(a) (with effect from November 21, 1975). [^935]: Substituted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 9(b) (with effect from November 21, 1975) for : > **(a)** the first National Assembly shall consist of persons who have taken oath in the National Assembly of Pakistan existing immediately before the commencing day and unless sooner dissolved, shall continue till the fourteenth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and seventy seven, and reference to "total membership" of the National Assembly in the Constitution shall be construed accordingly; and [^936]: Inserted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 9(c) (with effect from November 21, 1975). [^937]: The following was omitted by Removal of Difficulties (Bar against Double Membership) Order, 1973 (President's Order No. 22 of 1973) (with effect from October 27, 1978) : : > [^938][ > > **(2A)** A person referred to in clause (2) shall resign one of his seats at any time on or before the 10th day of November, 1973, and , if he does not so resign, the seat to which he was elected first shall become vacant. > > ][^938] [^938]: Inserted by Removal of Difficulties (Bar against Double Membership) Order, 1973 (President's Order No. 22 of 1973) (with effect from October 27, 1973). [^939]: The following was omitted by (with effect from October 27, 1978) : "[^940][or otherwise][^940]". [^940]: Inserted by Removal of Difficulties (Bar against Double Membership) Order, 1973 (President's Order No. 22 of 1973) (with effect from October 27, 1973). [^941]: Inserted by Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1974 (33 of 1974), Section 15(b) (with effect from May 4, 1974). [^942]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 10(a) (with effect from November 21, 1975) : "(1)". [^943]: Inserted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 10(a) (with effect from November 21, 1975). [^944]: The following was omitted by Election to the Senate Order, 1973 (President's Order No. 8 of 1973) (with effect from August 14, 1974) : : > [^945][ > > **(2)** Until Parliament by law makes provision in that behalf, the President may, for the purpose of the due constitution of, and election to, the Senate, by Order, make provision of any of the matters referred to in- > > **(a)** paragraphs (d) and (e) of clause (1) of Article 63; > > **(b)** paragraphs (d), (e) and (f) of Article 222; and > > **(c)** Article 225. > > ][^945] [^945]: Inserted by Election to the Senate Order, 1973 (President's Order No. 8 of 1973) (with effect from June 9, 1973). [^946]: Inserted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 11(a) (with effect from November 21, 1975). [^947]: Substituted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 11(a) (with effect from November 21, 1975) for : > **(a)** the first Assembly of a Province under the Constitution shall consist of the members of the Assembly of that Province in existence immediately before the commencing day and unless sooner dissolved, shall continue until the fourteenth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-seven and reference to "total membership" of the Assembly of a Province in the Constitution shall be construed accordingly; [^948]: Inserted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 11(c) (with effect from November 21, 1975). [^949]: The following was omitted by Removal of Difficulties (Bar against Double Membership) Order, 1973 (President's Order No. 22 of 1973) (with effect from October 27, 1978) : "[^950][or otherwise][^950]". [^950]: Inserted by Removal of Difficulties (Bar against Double Membership) Order, 1973 (President's Order No. 22 of 1973) (with effect from October 27, 1973). [^951]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art 2, Sch. item 1 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Parliament". [^952]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 17(and deemed to have always been so). ### Annex: The Objectives Resolution [^953]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. item 53 (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^954]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 99 (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^955]: Mr. Ardeshir Cowasjee's article 'The sole statesman - 4' - published in Dawn on July 9, 2000 - makes an interesting observation about a potential disparity between the original Objectives Resolution and the Annex inserted into the Constitution by P. O. 14 of 1985. The word "freely", which appears in the original Resolution, notes Mr. Cowasjee, is missing from the clause: "Wherein adequate provision shall be made for the minorities to *freely* profess and practice their religions and develop their cultures;". This has now been corrected by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010. ### First Schedule [^956]: Substituted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 12, Schedule (with effect from November 21, 1975) for First Schedule: "Law exempted from operation of Article 8 (1) and (2)" [^957]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), 18(a) (with effect from September 16, 1976). [^958]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), 18(b) (with effect from September 16, 1976). [^959]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-First Amendment) Act, 2015, Article 1(3) (with effect from January 7, 2017) : : > [^960][ > > ****6.**** The Pakistan Army Act, 1952 (XXXXIX of 1952). > > ****7.**** The Pakistan Air Force Act, 1953 (VI of 1953). > > ****8.**** The Pakistan Navy Ordinance, 1961 (XXXV of 1961). > > ****9.**** The Protection of Pakistan Act, 2014 (X of 2014). > > ][^960] [^960]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-First Amendment) Act, 2015, Article 3 (with effect from January 7, 2015). [^961]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 2017 (12 of 2017), Article 3 (with effect from March 30, 2017). [^962]: Inserted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), 18(c) (with effect from September 16, 1976). ### Second Schedule [^964]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2 and Sch. item 54 (with effect from March 2, 1985) for SECOND SCHEDULE: "Election of President" [^965]: Substituted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 10(a)(i) (with effect from February 28, 2012) for "Chief Election Commissioner". [^966]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 10(a)(ii) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^967]: Substituted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 10(b) (with effect from February 28, 2012) for "Chief Election Commissioner". [^968]: Substituted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 10(b) (with effect from February 28, 2012) for "Chief Election Commissioner". ### Third Schedule [^969]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^970]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 100(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "3". [^971]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^972]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^973]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^974]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^975]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^976]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 100(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "131(4)". [^977]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^978]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 100(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "I will discharge". [^979]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^980]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^981]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^982]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^983]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 54(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Chief Justice of Pakistan or of a High Court or Judge of The Supreme Court or a High Court". [^984]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 54(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "[Articles 178 and 194]". [^985]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 54(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Chief Justice of Pakistan (or a Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan or Chief Justice or a Judge of the High Court for the Province or Provinces of ____________)". [^986]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^987]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 100(iv) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for "[^988][ ### [^989][Chief Justice][^989] or [^990][Judge][^990] of Federal Shariat Court #### [Article 203-C (7)] I, ___________________, do solemnly swear that, as the [^991][Chief Justice][^991] (or a [^992][Judge][^992]) of the Federal Shariat Court, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability and faithfully in accordance with law; And that I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions. [^993][ May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen). ][^993] ][^988]". [^988]: Inserted by Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1980 (President's Order No. 1 of 1980), Art. 4 (with effect from May 26, 1980). [^989]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(1) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Chairman". [^990]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(1) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "member". [^991]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(1) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "Chairman". [^992]: Substituted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(1) (with effect from March 2, 1985) for "member". [^993]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^994]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 11(a) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^995]: Inserted by Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 2012, Section 11(b) (with effect from February 28, 2012). [^996]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). [^997]: Inserted by Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 14 of 1985), Art. 2, Sch. item 55(2) (with effect from March 2, 1985). ### Fourth Schedule [^998]: Inserted by Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2024 (26 of 2024), Section 27 (with effect from October 21, 2024). [^999]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(1)(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for ".". [^1000]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(1)(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^1001]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(1)(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > ****21.**** Major ports, that is to say, the declaration and delimitation of such ports, and the constitution and powers of port authorities therein. [^1002]: Substituted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(1)(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) for : > ****32.**** National planning and national economic coordination including planning and coordination of scientific and technological research. [^1003]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(1)(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > ****33.**** State lotteries. [^1004]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(1)(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > ****38.**** Census. [^1005]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(1)(iii) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > ****40.**** Extension of the powers and jurisdiction of members of a police force belonging to any Province to any area in another Province, but not so as to enable the police of one Province to exercise powers and jurisdiction in another Province without the consent of the Government of that Province; extension of the powers and jurisdiction of members of a police force belonging to any Province to railway areas outside that Province. [^1006]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(1)(iv) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > ****45.**** Duties in respect of succession to property. [^1007]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(1)(iv) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > ****46.**** Estate duty in respect of property. [^1008]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(1)(v) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^1009]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(1)(iv) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : "on capital gains". [^1010]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 55 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^1011]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 55 (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^1012]: Substituted by Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (62 of 1976), Section 19(a)(ii) (with effect from September 16, 1976) for "West Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority and the West Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation". [^1013]: Inserted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(2)(ii) (with effect from April 19, 2010). [^1014]: Renumbered from "4.". by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(2)(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) [^1015]: Renumbered from "5.". by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(2)(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) [^1016]: Renumbered from "6.". by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(2)(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) [^1017]: Renumbered from "7.". by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(2)(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) [^1018]: Renumbered from "8.". by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(2)(i) (with effect from April 19, 2010) [^1019]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 101(3) (with effect from April 19, 2010) : : > ### Concurrent Legislative List > > ****1.**** Criminal law, including all matters included in the Pakistan Penal Code on the commencing day, but excluding offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in the Federal Legislative List and excluding the use of naval, military and air forces in aid of civil power. > > ****2.**** Criminal procedure, including all matters included in the Code of Criminal Procedure, on the commencing day. > > ****3.**** Civil procedure, including the law of limitation and all matters included in the Code of Civil Procedure on the commencing day, the recovery in a Province or the Federal Capital of claims in respect of taxes and other public demands, including arrears of land revenue and sums recoverable as such, arising outside that Province. > > ****4.**** Evidence and oath; recognition of laws, public acts and records of judicial proceedings. > > ****5.**** Marriage and divorce; infants and minors; adoption. > > ****6.**** Wills, intestacy and succession, save as regards agricultural land. > > ****7.**** Bankruptcy and insolvency, administrators- general and official trustees. > > ****8.**** Arbitration. > > ****9.**** Contracts, including partnership, agency, contracts of carriage, and other special forms of contracts, but not including contracts relating to agricultural land. > > ****10.**** Trusts and trustees. > > ****11.**** Transfer of property other than agriculture land, registration of deeds and documents. > > ****12.**** Actionable wrongs, save in so far as included in laws with respect to any of the matters specified in the Federal Legislative List. > > ****13.**** Removal of prisoners and accused persons from one Province to another Province. > > ****14.**** Preventive detention for reasons connected with the maintenance of public order, or the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community; persons subjected to such detention. > > ****15.**** Persons subjected to preventive detention under Federal authority. > > ****16.**** Measures to combat certain offences committed in connection with matters concerning the Federal and Provincial Governments and the establishment of a police force for that purpose. > > ****17.**** Arms, firearms and ammunition. > > ****18.**** Explosives. > > ****19.**** Opium, so far as regards cultivation and manufacture. > > ****20.**** Drugs and medicines. > > ****21.**** Poisons and dangerous drugs. > > ****22.**** Prevention of the extension from one Province to another of infectious or contagious diseases or pests affecting men, animals or plants. > > ****23.**** Mental illness and mental retardation, including places for the reception or treatment of the mentally ill and mentally retarded. > > ****24.**** Environmental pollution and ecology. > > ****25.**** Population planning and social welfare. > > ****26.**** Welfare of labor; conditions of labor, provident funds; employer's liability and workmen's compensation, health insurance including invalidity pensions, old age pensions. > > ****27.**** Trade unions; industrial and labor disputes. > > ****28.**** The setting up and carrying on of labor exchanges, employment information bureaus and training establishments. > > ****29.**** Boilers. > > ****30.**** Regulation of labor and safety in mines, factories and oil- fields. > > ****31.**** Unemployment insurance. > > ****32.**** Shipping and navigation on inland waterways as regards mechanically propelled vessels, and the rule of the road on such waterways; carriage of passengers and goods on inland waterways. > > ****33.**** Mechanically propelled vehicles. > > ****34.**** Electricity. > > ****35.**** Newspapers, books and printing presses. > > ****36.**** Evacuee property. > > ****37.**** Ancient and historical monuments, archaeological sites and remains. > > ****38.**** Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy, centres of excellence and standards of education. > > ****39.**** Islamic education. > > ****40.**** Zakat. > > ****41.**** Production, censorship and exhibition of cinematograph films. > > ****42.**** Tourism. > > ****43.**** Legal medical and other professions. > > [^1020][ > > ****43A.**** Auqaf. > > ][^1020] > > ****44.**** Fees in respect of any of the matters in this List, but not including fees taken in any court. > > ****45.**** Inquiries and statistics for the purpose of any of the matters in this List. > > ****46.**** Offences against laws with respect to any of the matters in this List; jurisdiction and powers of all courts except the Supreme Court, with respect to any of the matters in this List. > > ****47.**** Matters incidental or ancillary to any matter enumerated in this List. [^1020]: Inserted by Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1975 (71 of 1975), Section 13 (with effect from November 21, 1975). ### Fifth Schedule [^1021]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 56(a) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "The Supreme Court". [^1022]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 56(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Pakistan". [^1023]: Substituted by Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (14 of 1991), Section 3(1)(a)(i) (with effect from July 28, 1991) for "7,900". [^1024]: Substituted by Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (14 of 1991), Section 3(1)(a)(i) (with effect from July 28, 1991) for "7,400". [^1025]: Inserted by Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (14 of 1991), Section 3(1)(a)(ii) (with effect from July 28, 1991). [^1026]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 56(b) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^1027]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 56(c) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^1028]: The following was omitted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 56(d) (with effect from November 13, 2025) : "of Pakistan". [^1029]: Inserted by Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (14 of 1991), Section 3(1)(b) (with effect from July 28, 1991). [^1030]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 56(c) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^1031]: Substituted by Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2025, Article 56(c) (with effect from November 13, 2025) for "Supreme Court". [^1032]: Substituted by Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (14 of 1991), Section 3(2)(a)(i) (with effect from July 28, 1991) for "7,200". [^1033]: Substituted by Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (14 of 1991), Section 3(2)(a)(ii) (with effect from July 28, 1991) for "6,500". [^1034]: Inserted by Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (14 of 1991), Section 3(2)(b)(ii) (with effect from July 28, 1991). [^1035]: Inserted by Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (14 of 1991), Section 3(2)(b) (with effect from July 28, 1991). ## Accuracy notice This digital version of the Constitution of Pakistan is provided as-is. Although reasonable efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and avoid error, no warranty is made as to its accuracy or completeness. Consult the official sources or Gazette when legal accuracy is material.